Character file
Name: Ma Shiying.
Nickname: Ma Yaocao, Ma Chongran
Time: Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality.
Place of birth: Guiyang, Guizhou
Date of birth: 159 1 year.
Time of death: A.D. 1646.
Works: Introduction to Yongcheng, Dai Yong.
Main achievements: Zhu Yousong, the axe king, ascended the throne and resisted Manchu aggression.
Official position: Tengger University and Minister of the War Department
In the Qing Dynasty, Ma Shiying was a traitor. At that time, the evaluation of Ma Shiying was mostly abusive, and there were few positive comments. But personally, I don't think Ma Shiying is a traitor. Although Ma Shiying was responsible for the downfall of the Hong Guang Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty, he was not the main responsible person.
To be exact, it is the downfall of the Hong Guang Dynasty, the inaction of the monarch, the struggle between Ruan Dacheng and the Lindong Party, and the selfishness of the warlords. Ma Shiying was loyal to the Ming Dynasty, although he didn't reform state affairs, clean up bureaucracy and clean up the mess. After the fall of Hong Guang, although it was not accepted by the new regime, it persisted in and organized anti-Qing activities. After being arrested by the Qing court, he did not accept the appeal, but died heroically.
So the question is, why is Ma Shiying a traitor? This ending has a lot to do with Ruan Dacheng and Lin Dong party member.
At first, Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng were good friends. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, he was demoted to the garrison and returned to the imperial court with the help of Ruan Dacheng. Ma Shiying is a kind person, and he always keeps this kindness in mind. So when he was re-used in Hong Guang and became the cabinet record, Ruan Dacheng was called to North Korea. Ma Shiying's use of Ruan Dacheng became the biggest stain in his life.
Eunuch Ruan Dacheng forged a deep hatred with Fu She and Lin Dong Party. Therefore, after entering North Korea, members of the Lindong Party and the Fu She Society were suppressed and excluded. The fierce struggle between the two sides weakened the national strength and gave the Qing court an opportunity.
At the beginning, the Oriental Party was indeed a clean generation, and it was a party that was dedicated to the country and worried about the country and the people. However, with the development of time, the entanglement of interests and the spread of hatred, the Lindong Party finally became a political party that fell into self-interest and party struggle and forgot the national justice. Personally, I look down on the late Lin Dong Party and have no good impression.
Ma Shiying, who recalled Ruan Dacheng to the imperial court, was naturally hated by the Lin Movement Party because of his struggle with members of the Lin Movement Party and the Fu Society. Therefore, after the collapse of the small court in Hong Guang, the Lindong Party directly designated Ma Shiying as a countercurrent, belittling and suppressing it.
By the time of the Qing Dynasty, the history of the Ming Dynasty had been compiled in A.D., and the people who compiled the history were all members of the Lin Dong Party, or people who were deeply involved. At that time, they attached great importance to the history of the court collapse in Hong Guang. Because of its collapse, it is directly related to the positioning and status of the Lindong Party in history. In order to ensure their own interests, Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng were naturally included in the relationship of comrades, thus ensuring the name of the Lindong Party.
In fact, many people in history have been criticized and slandered because they were countercurrent by the Lin Dong Party. For example, when the dynasty fell, the minister Yang's family died. But when I came to the Lindong Party, it turned into killing concubines and absconding, and then I was caught by the Qing army and killed with a stick.
Therefore, although Ma Shiying was indeed responsible for the collapse of the small court in Hong Guang, the man who died for his country was not included in the biography of treacherous court official because of his loyalty.