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At first, Russia was just a principality and a small country. During the Yuan Dynasty, China was often bullied by other countries. I attach a copy.

Chronology of Russian historical events

12nd century

The Roman historian Tacitus first mentioned the Slavic Venetians in his book Germania.

6th century A.D.

Byzantine and Syrian writers often refer to Slavs. They live between the Danube River and the Vistula River. Its eastern branch, Antes, is the ancestor of the Eastern Slavs.

In 862 ad

Brother Longlike, the chief of the Varyag people, was invited by the noble Novgorod to help quell the rebellion. In Novgorod, he claimed to be a maharaja and established the Ryuk dynasty of the Varyag people.

A.D. 862879

Lyurik ruled.

In 882 ad

Oleg, a relative of Lyurik, went south to seize Kiev and its surrounding areas, with Kiev as its capital.

AD 8829 12

Oleg took office.

In 907 ad

Ross's army attacked Constantinople, and Ross and Byzantium signed the first treaty on friendly relations, international trade and navigation standards.

9 1 1 year

Ross's army once again expedition to Constantinople.

AD 9 12945

Igor is in the office.

AD 94 1

Igor's first expedition to Byzantium was defeated by the fire of the Greeks.

In 944 ad

Igor's second expedition to Byzantium forced Byzantium to accept new agreements. The two countries also signed a military alliance against the enemy.

945969 ad

Igor's wife Olga is in the office.

Around 957 AD.

The Grand Duchess Olga visited Constantinople and accepted Christianity.

965972 ad

Sviatoslav came to power.

AD 980 10 15

Vladimir is in power.

988 ad

Vladimir joined the Greek Orthodox Church by marrying Princess Anna, the sister of the Byzantine emperor, and made Christianity the state religion of Ross.

10 15 10 19

Viateau Polk is in office.

10 19 1054

The wise man yaroslav ruled.

1037 104 1 year

Build Sofia Cathedral in Kiev. This church is the best of the oldest Orthodox buildings preserved so far.

1045 1050

Building Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod.

105 1 year

Yaroslav, the "wise man", appointed Hilario, the author of Dogma and Oracle, as the capital bishop of Kiev. This is the first Russian to assume the position of Bishop of DuDu.

1 1 13 1 125

Vladimir Monomakh reigned.

1 147

Moscow was mentioned for the first time in the annals.

1240

Badou, the grandson of Genghis Khan, captured Kiev.

1243

Badou established the Golden Tent Khanate, with Sarai as its capital (present-day astrakhan).

1345 134 1 year

Ivan Carida is a Moscow maharaja.

1328

Ivan Carida was awarded the title of Grand Duke Vladimir.

65438+September 0380

Ross's army and Mamai's Mongolian army fought in the Kurikovo wilderness and defeated the Tatars. Dmitri Ivanovich, Archduke of Moscow, won the title of "Donskoy" for his outstanding achievements in leading this campaign, which means the king of the Don River.

1382

When Ross first mentioned guns,

1389 1425

Vassili I reigned.

1425 1462

Vasily vasilyevich, the blind archduke, reigned.

1462 1505

Russian Ivan III of Russia was in office.

1478

Novgorod was incorporated into the Principality of Moscow.

1480

The Russian people got rid of the rule of Mongols.

1485

Tver was incorporated into the Principality of Moscow.

1489

Vyatka was incorporated into the Moscow Principality.

1497

Ivan III of Russia, Russia, promulgated a unified national code, which for the first time restricted farmers' right to take vacations by law.

1500 1503

Russian Ivan III of Russia launched a war against Lithuania, merging the area between Jasna River and Oka River into Moscow Principality.

1505 1533

Vassili III reigned.

15 10 year

Moscow annexed Pskov.

15 14 years

Take Smolensk, Lithuania as an example.

152 1 year

The merger of Ryazan Principality.

1533 1584

Ivan IV reigned.

1547 65438+ 10/0/9

Ivan IV was officially crowned the first czar of Russia. The history of the Russian czar began.

1549

Held a "consultation meeting" of the ruling classes at all levels. This is the first meeting of gentry in Russian history, and the meeting of gentry marks the establishment of Russian hierarchical monarchy.

1550 years

Promulgate the code of Ivan IV.

155 1 year 1 year in May.

A "Hundred Chapters Meeting" attended by representatives of religious circles and secular feudal lords was held to discuss issues such as church reform and state reform, and the code of 1550 was adopted.

155 1 summer

Chuvash was incorporated into Moscow.

1552

Moscow conquered Kazan khanate.

1555 1560

The construction of Vasily Blanie Cathedral.

1556

Moscow conquered the khanate of Astrakhan.

1558 1583

Livonia war.

1565 1572

Implement the czar's special jurisdiction.

158 1 year

The "forbidden year" law was enacted to temporarily cancel farmers' right to leave their owners on Jurjev Day.

Russian Cossack leader Ermak invaded Siberia and defeated the lost khanate.

1584 1598

Tsar fedor Ivanovich was in office.

1589

Russia established an independent patriarchate, and Archbishop Jov was elected as the first patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, completely getting rid of the dependence on Constantinople.

1598 65438+1October 6th

Fedor Ivanovich died, leaving behind the end of the Rick dynasty.

1598 1605

Boris Godunov was in office.

160 1 1603

There was a great famine in Russia, and nearly one-third of people starved to death.

1605 1606

Dimitri I is the czar.

1606 16 10 year

Vasily Shoysky is in office.

1606 1607

The peasant uprising led by Ivan Bolotnikov. This is the first peasant uprising in Russian history.

16101613 years

The period of "Seven boyar Rulings" headed by Misty Slavski.

16 1 1 year 65438+March

The first people's army led by Prokobi Ripnov was established.

16 1 1 year 9 10/month.

Businessman Minen and the Second People's Army led by Duke Pazarski were established.

16 12 10 month

The People's Army expelled Polish armed meddlers from Moscow.

16 13 years

Moscow held a noble meeting and elected Mikhail Fedorovici romanov as czar. The Romanov dynasty began.

16 13 1645

Mikhail Fedorovici romanov was in office.

16 17

Russia and Sweden signed a permanent peace treaty in Stalbo.

16 18

Deurino agreement was signed with Poland for a period of 14.

1628

Building Krasnoyarsk.

1632 1634

Russia and Poland fought for Smolensk.

1643 1646

Boya's army invaded Heilongjiang area of China.

1645 1676

Alexei mikhailovich reigned.

1647

The foundation stone of Okhotsk city was laid.

1649

The meeting of gentry presided over by Tsar alexei mikhailovich passed the meeting code, which abolished all peasants' right to escape, gave serf owners the right to hunt down fugitive serfs permanently, and established serfs' attachment to landlords and serf owners in land, person and justice. This marks the final formation of serfdom in the whole country.

1654 1667

Russia and Poland fought for Ukraine. As a result of the war, the two sides signed the Andrews-Sovo Armistice Agreement in 1667, which divided Ukraine into two parts: the left bank of the Dnieper River (that is, eastern Ukraine) belongs to Russia and the right bank of the Dnieper River (that is, western Ukraine) belongs to Poland. Kiev and its vicinity on the right bank of the Dnieper River were occupied by Russian troops for two years, but in fact they were occupied by Russia forever. Russia has recovered Smolensk, chernigov, Seville and Staro Dubo.

1655

Nikon carried out church reform.

1656 1658

Russia-Switzerland War.

166 1 year

Il Kuske laid the foundation stone.

1667 167 1 year

Stepan Razin led the peasant uprising.

1676 1682

Fedor alexeyevich was in office.

1682

The power struggle between Narish Jin family and Miloslavski family. Shooting army rebellion in Moscow.

1682 1696

Ivan V of Russia and Peter I of Russia were declared czars at the same time, and Sophia was the regent.

1682 1725

Peter I reigned.

1686

Peter I established the Youth Army.

1686

Russia and Poland signed a "permanent peace treaty".

1687

At the initiative of the famous poet Simao Poloczki, the Slavic Greek Latin Institute was established, which is the first ordinary institution of higher learning in Moscow.

1687 and 1689

Duke golitsyn's two expeditions to Crimea ended in failure.

1689

China and Russia concluded the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu, which was the first treaty signed by China and Russia on the basis of equality.

1695 and 1696

Peter I made two expeditions to the Sea of Azov, finally captured the Sea of Azov and gained access to the Sea of Azov.

1696 1725

Peter I reigned.

1697 1698

Peter I visited western Europe with the ambassador delegation.

1698

Film the military rebellion in Moscow.

1700 years

Adoption of new julian calendar legislation.

1700 172 1 year

The Northern War between Russia and Sweden.

1703

News was published in Moscow, which is the first officially printed newspaper in Russia.

Start building St. Petersburg.

17 13 years

Peter I moved the capital from Moscow to Petersburg.

17181721year

Abolish the yamen and replace it with a new central organ Committee.

17 19

Divide the country into 50 states.

172 1 year

Russia and Switzerland signed the Nishtat Peace Treaty, legally confirming that the Baltic Sea and its coastal areas belong to Russia. Since then, Russia has opened a window to Western Europe, expanding from a landlocked country to a coastal power. Russia has since been called the Russian Empire.

Peter I accepted the title of emperor, and the Russian czar began to call him emperor.

The establishment of the Orthodox Church Affairs Administration (Orthodox Church) ended the power struggle between the church and the secular regime, and made the church power subordinate to the secular regime.

The construction of Yekaterinburg fortress began.

1722

The official rank table was promulgated, and all civil and military officials were divided into 14 grades, which broke the concept of family status and selected the best officials.

1725

The Russian Academy of Sciences was established, consisting of mathematics, physics and social sciences. It is not only a research institution, but also a teaching institution, including universities and middle schools.

1725 1727

Yekaterina, I'm in my office.

1725 1730

Bering's first expedition in kamchatka peninsula.

1727 1730

Peter Alekseyevich Romanov, the grandson of Peter I, reigned.

1730 1740

Russian daughter Anna Ivanovna Ivanov V reigned.

1733 1743

Bering's second expedition in kamchatka peninsula finally confirmed the existence of a strait between Eurasia and America.

1735 1739

Russian-Turkish war.

1740

Anna died of illness, and Ivan Antonovic, the three-month-old baby of his niece, was designated as the heir to the throne, known as Ivan VI.

17411761year

Peter I's daughter Petrovsky was in office.

1755

Lomonosov founded Moscow University, the first Russian university. At that time, the school set up three departments: philosophy, law and medicine.

1756 1763

Russia participated in the seven-year war.

176 1 1762

Peter III reigned.

1762 1796

When Catherine II was in power.

1764

Abolish the land ownership of monasteries and churches and put their farmers under the management of economic research institutes. Such farmers are called "economic farmers".

1767

Convene a new meeting of the Editorial Committee.

177 1 year

Russian troops occupied the entire Crimean peninsula.

1772

Opal carved up Poland for the first time Russia occupied the Belarusian region (Rivelin, North Polotsk, Vitebsk, Cheslav and southeast Minsk) and part of Latvia, covering an area of 92,000 square kilometers.

1773 1775

The peasant uprising led by pugachev.

1779

The Black Sea Fleet was established.

1783

The czar's government announced the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to Russia.

1784

Sherihov established the first Russian settlement in Alaska and declared these places owned by Russia.

1793

Russia and Prussia carved up Poland for the second time. Russia has acquired a part of Belarus, a part of Lithuania and most of western Ukraine, covering an area of 250,000 square kilometers.

1795

Opal carved up Poland for the third time. Russia annexed Lithuania, Kurland, western Belarus and western Ukraine, and pushed the border to the Nieman River and the Buge River, covering an area of1.2000 square kilometers.

1796 180 1 year

Paul I reigned.

1799

Russian and American companies were established.

180 1 year

Georgia, which has been protected by Russia since 1783, announced its integration into Russia.

180 1 1825

Alexander I came to power.

1803

The Free Peasants Act was promulgated, allowing landlords to liberate serfs freely, but serfs had to pay a huge ransom.

1804

The government allows universities to be autonomous. Presidents and provosts can be elected by professors' conferences to teach the competent institutions of universities.

1809

Speranski drew up a huge national reform plan, and advocated adopting the shell of constitutional monarchy in Russia and implementing a special parliamentary system, namely the State Duma.

18 10 year

Establish a consultative the State Council.

18 1 1 year

Huangcun College was established to train senior state officials.

18 12 years

The Great Patriotic War against Napoleon's aggression.

18 15

Russia and Austria form a sacred alliance.

The Grand Duchy of Warsaw was incorporated into Russia.

18 19

The University of Petersburg was founded.

1825 1855

Nicholas I reigned.

1825 12 14

December Party Uprising.

1826

Your Majesty's Office, established in 18 12, has a third hall, which is in charge of senior police affairs, and its executive organ is the gendarmerie.

1832

Uvalov, Minister of National Education, put forward the official national theory of "Orthodox Church, autocracy and national character".

1834

Kiev University was founded.

1834 1859

Mountain Uprising led by Dagerstam and Chamir in Chechnya.

1835

The first factory law was promulgated.

New university regulations were promulgated and university autonomy was abolished.

1836

Modern people magazine was founded.

1837

Russia's first passenger railway (Petersburg to Huangcun) was opened to traffic.

1837 184 1 year

Kiselev has reformed the management system of state-owned farmers.

1839 1843

Conkling, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, carried out fiscal and monetary reforms, taking silver rubles as the basis of currency circulation.

1839

Khomyakov's On the Old and the New was published. From then on, the debate between Slavs and Westerners began in the history of Russian thought.

1848

Tsar Nicholas I issued a declaration calling for putting out the European revolution.

1849

Nicholas I sent troops to suppress the Hungarian revolution.

185 1 year

The railway from Petersburg to Moscow was opened to traffic.

1853 1856

Crimean war.

1855 188 1 year

Alexander II was in power.

1856

The Treaty of Paris was signed and the Crimean War ended.

Amnesty for exiled members of The Decemberists.

1857

Herzen and Oglev's Bell magazine was founded in London.

1858

Sino-Russian infatuation treaty.

1859

Russian troops occupied Chechnya and Nagorno-Dagger Stan, and Chamir was captured.

1860

Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty.

1860

The National Bank was established.

186 1 February 19

Alexander II issued a general decree for peasants to get rid of serfdom.

1862 1874

Miliujin's military reform.

1863

Cancel liquor monopoly and levy consumption tax. Abolish corporal punishment.

June 1863

New university regulations were promulgated to restore university autonomy.

1864

Carry out local autonomy reform and set up local autonomy bureaus;

Carry out judicial reform and implement the jury system;

Reform secondary education, allow social organizations and private individuals to establish primary schools, and implement the principle of equality at all levels and of all faiths in secondary schools.

1864 1885

Conquer Central Asia.

1865

The provisional publication regulations were adopted, and the inspection of books and newspapers was relaxed. It was stipulated that the inspection of relevant government departments would not be accepted before publication, but only in Petersburg and Moscow.

1867

The czar government sold Alaska to the United States for $7.2 million. Russian and American companies closed.

122 April 870 (new calendar)

Vladimir ilych Lenin was born in Simbilsk.

1870

Carry out urban reform and establish the city Duma, which is a non-hierarchical urban self-government organ in Russian cities.

1870 10 month

Gorchakov, Foreign Minister, informed the signatories of the Paris Treaty to give up the relevant clauses restricting their sovereignty in the Black Sea.

187 1 March

The participating countries of the Paris Treaty signed the so-called London Convention, and Russia recovered its rights in the Black Sea.

1872

The Russian translation of the first volume of Marx's Das Kapital was published.

1873

Formed the "san huang Union".

1874

Populists launched the "Go to the People" movement.

1875

South Russian Workers' Association was founded in Odessa.

1876

The populist secret organization "Land and Freedom" was founded.

1877 1878

Russian-Turkish war.

1978

Russian Northern Workers' Association was founded in Petersburg.

65438+August 0879

The "land and freedom" society split into the public opinion party and the black branch.

65438+February 0880

The Supreme Security Committee for the Maintenance of State Order and Social Security, headed by loris Melikov, was established.

65438+August 0880

The Supreme Security Council and the Third Hall for Maintaining State Order and Social Security were abolished, and their functions and powers were transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs headed by loris Melikov.

188 1 March 1 day

Alexander II was stabbed to death.

188 1 1894

During the reign of Alexander III.

188 1 May

Alexander III issued an unshakable declaration of autocracy.

188 1 August

The Regulations on the Protection of National Security and Social Security was promulgated.

1882 1886

A series of factory laws were passed.

1882

Establish a farmers' land bank.

Laws restricting the use of child labor have been promulgated.

Establish a factory inspection agency to supervise the implementation of the factory law.

The poll tax in Europe and Russia was abolished (starting from 1899, the poll tax in Siberia was also abolished).

Promulgated a new "Provisional Regulations on Publication", which strengthened the publication review.

1883

Plekhanov founded the first Russian Marxist group "Labor Liberation Society" in Geneva.

1884

The new university regulations abolish university autonomy and put universities under the close supervision of the authorities and inspectors.

1885

Morozov factory workers went on strike.

Establish a noble land bank.

Promulgate a law prohibiting women and minors in industrial enterprises from working at night.

1886

Promulgate laws to restrict the separation of farmers.

Promulgate regulations on agricultural employees.

1889 1892

The social democratic organization led by Mie Brusnev is active in Petersburg.

65438+June 0890

Promulgate new regulations on local self-government institutions.

189 1 year

Start building trans-siberian railway.

Famine occurred in 20 provinces in the black soil belt.

1893

Promulgate laws to restrict land redistribution in peasant villages and communities.

1894

Implement a liquor monopoly.

1894 19 17 years

The last Tsar Nicholas II came to power.

1895

Lenin organized the "Working Class Liberation Struggle Association" in Petersburg.

1897

The first all-Russian census.

Xie Youwei carried out monetary reform and implemented the gold standard.

1897 190 1 year

Building the Middle East Railway.

1898

The Russian Social Democratic Labor Party was founded and its first congress was held in Minsk.

Russia forced the Qing government to sign a land lease treaty for Lvda, which made Lvda a strong Sect for 25 years.

1899 1903

Industrial crisis.

1900

The newspaper Mars was founded.

190 1 1902

The Social Revolutionary Party was founded.

1902

Liberalism magazine Liberation was founded.

65438+June 0902

The representative meeting of the Moscow Local Self-government Bureau adopted a moderate liberal reform plan.

1903

Workers in South Russia went on strike.

1July 903

The second Congress of Russian Social Democratic Labor Party was held in Brussels and London. At the congress, the party split into two factions: Bolsheviks headed by Lenin and Mensheviks headed by martov.

65438+August 0903

Xie Youwei resigned as Chancellor of the Exchequer and was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

1904 1905

Russia-Japan War.

1904 65438+ October

The Russian liberal organization "Liberation Alliance" was established.

190565438+1October 3rd

General strike at Putilov factory in Petersburg.

190565438+1October 9th

Bloody Sunday. The first Russian revolution began.

1905 65438+ 10/0/218

The inaugural meeting of Russia's largest liberal party, the Constitutional Democratic Party.

1905 65438+ 10/0/7

Nicholas II promulgated the Declaration on Reorganizing State Order, that is, the Declaration of 10/0/7, which endowed citizens with freedom and endowed the State Duma with legislative functions. Russia began to transition to constitutional monarchy.

1905 65438+ 10/0/9

A Council of Ministers headed by Victor was established.

1905 10 month

The Russian People's Union, a far-right party, was founded.

1905 1 1 month

An imperial edict aimed at reducing farmers' ransom was issued.

1905165438+10/0.

The right-wing Liberal Party "October 17th Alliance" (also known as "October Party") was established.

1February 20, 906

Reorganize the State Council into the House of Lords alongside the State Duma.

1906 April

Victor resigned and appointed Goremikin as the chairman of the Council of Ministers.

1April 23, 906

The new edition of the Fundamental Law of the Russian Empire was promulgated, which stipulated the authority of the Tsar, the State Duma and the State Council, and the power of the Tsar began to be restricted by law.

1April 27, 906

The first State Duma opened.

1July 8, 906

Goremikin resigned and Storey Ping, Minister of the Interior, was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

1July 9, 906

The first State Duma was dissolved.

1906 July 10

182 deputies of the State Duma issued the Viborg Declaration in Viborg, Finland, calling on residents not to pay taxes and refuse to perform military service.

1906 August

Attempted to assassinate Stolypin.

1906 August

Establish a field military court.

1906165438+1October 9

The czar's government issued a decree allowing farmers to use their land to set up village cooperatives. Stolypin's agricultural reform has begun.

1February 20, 907

The second State Duma opened.

1June 3, 907

Dissolve the second State Duma and promulgate a new election law.

1907 165438+2002 10/0/965438+June 9.

The third State Duma.

1909

Saratov University was founded.

19 10 June 14

The State Duma passed Stolypin's agricultural reform plan.

1 911September1

Stolypin was assassinated in Kiev and died on September 5th after being rescued.

19 1 1 September11day

Kokov Tsefu was appointed chairman of the Council of Ministers.

19 12 1 month

The Sixth Congress of Russian Social Democratic Labor Party was held in Prague, and abolitionists were expelled from the party.

1965438+April 2002

Lena's tragedy.

19 12 1 1.5

The 4th State Duma opens.

19 13 years

The second war in Pakistan.

1914 65438+1October 30th.

Kokov Tsev resigned and Goremykin was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

19 14 years

Russia took part in the First World War.

Petersburg was renamed Petrograd.

19 16 65438+ October 20th

Goremykin resigned and Sthymmel was appointed chairman of the Council of Ministers.

1916165438+10/0.

Sthymmel resigned and Trepaud became chairman of the Council of Ministers.

19 16 12.27

Trepaud resigned and golitsyn became chairman of the Council of Ministers.

1965438+February 23, 2007

Petrograd women workers held demonstrations.

19 17 February 25th

General strike in Petrograd.

1965438+February 27, 2007

Members of the "Progressive Alliance" formed an interim committee of the State Duma headed by Luo.

Representatives of socialist political parties formed the Petrograd Workers' Representative Soviet led by the leader of Menshevik Duma Qi Hezai.

1965438+March 2, 2007

The Provisional Committee of the State Duma established an interim government headed by Duke гее Lvov.

Nicholas II abdicated and passed the throne to Mikhail Alessandro.

1965438+March 3, 2007

Mikhail gave up the throne.

1965438+March 8, 2007

The czar's family was arrested.

19 18

Nicholas II's family was executed in Yekaterinburg.

Russia has been bordering China for nearly 500 years. At this time, Russia has its own unique culture, so China has little influence on Russian culture! !