Chronology of Russian historical events
12nd century
The Roman historian Tacitus first mentioned the Slavic Venetians in his book Germania.
6th century A.D.
Byzantine and Syrian writers often refer to Slavs. They live between the Danube River and the Vistula River. Its eastern branch, Antes, is the ancestor of the Eastern Slavs.
In 862 ad
Brother Longlike, the chief of the Varyag people, was invited by the noble Novgorod to help quell the rebellion. In Novgorod, he claimed to be a maharaja and established the Ryuk dynasty of the Varyag people.
A.D. 862879
Lyurik ruled.
In 882 ad
Oleg, a relative of Lyurik, went south to seize Kiev and its surrounding areas, with Kiev as its capital.
AD 8829 12
Oleg took office.
In 907 ad
Ross's army attacked Constantinople, and Ross and Byzantium signed the first treaty on friendly relations, international trade and navigation standards.
9 1 1 year
Ross's army once again expedition to Constantinople.
AD 9 12945
Igor is in the office.
AD 94 1
Igor's first expedition to Byzantium was defeated by the fire of the Greeks.
In 944 ad
Igor's second expedition to Byzantium forced Byzantium to accept new agreements. The two countries also signed a military alliance against the enemy.
945969 ad
Igor's wife Olga is in the office.
Around 957 AD.
The Grand Duchess Olga visited Constantinople and accepted Christianity.
965972 ad
Sviatoslav came to power.
AD 980 10 15
Vladimir is in power.
988 ad
Vladimir joined the Greek Orthodox Church by marrying Princess Anna, the sister of the Byzantine emperor, and made Christianity the state religion of Ross.
10 15 10 19
Viateau Polk is in office.
10 19 1054
The wise man yaroslav ruled.
1037 104 1 year
Build Sofia Cathedral in Kiev. This church is the best of the oldest Orthodox buildings preserved so far.
1045 1050
Building Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod.
105 1 year
Yaroslav, the "wise man", appointed Hilario, the author of Dogma and Oracle, as the capital bishop of Kiev. This is the first Russian to assume the position of Bishop of DuDu.
1 1 13 1 125
Vladimir Monomakh reigned.
1 147
Moscow was mentioned for the first time in the annals.
1240
Badou, the grandson of Genghis Khan, captured Kiev.
1243
Badou established the Golden Tent Khanate, with Sarai as its capital (present-day astrakhan).
1345 134 1 year
Ivan Carida is a Moscow maharaja.
1328
Ivan Carida was awarded the title of Grand Duke Vladimir.
65438+September 0380
Ross's army and Mamai's Mongolian army fought in the Kurikovo wilderness and defeated the Tatars. Dmitri Ivanovich, Archduke of Moscow, won the title of "Donskoy" for his outstanding achievements in leading this campaign, which means the king of the Don River.
1382
When Ross first mentioned guns,
1389 1425
Vassili I reigned.
1425 1462
Vasily vasilyevich, the blind archduke, reigned.
1462 1505
Russian Ivan III of Russia was in office.
1478
Novgorod was incorporated into the Principality of Moscow.
1480
The Russian people got rid of the rule of Mongols.
1485
Tver was incorporated into the Principality of Moscow.
1489
Vyatka was incorporated into the Moscow Principality.
1497
Ivan III of Russia, Russia, promulgated a unified national code, which for the first time restricted farmers' right to take vacations by law.
1500 1503
Russian Ivan III of Russia launched a war against Lithuania, merging the area between Jasna River and Oka River into Moscow Principality.
1505 1533
Vassili III reigned.
15 10 year
Moscow annexed Pskov.
15 14 years
Take Smolensk, Lithuania as an example.
152 1 year
The merger of Ryazan Principality.
1533 1584
Ivan IV reigned.
1547 65438+ 10/0/9
Ivan IV was officially crowned the first czar of Russia. The history of the Russian czar began.
1549
Held a "consultation meeting" of the ruling classes at all levels. This is the first meeting of gentry in Russian history, and the meeting of gentry marks the establishment of Russian hierarchical monarchy.
1550 years
Promulgate the code of Ivan IV.
155 1 year 1 year in May.
A "Hundred Chapters Meeting" attended by representatives of religious circles and secular feudal lords was held to discuss issues such as church reform and state reform, and the code of 1550 was adopted.
155 1 summer
Chuvash was incorporated into Moscow.
1552
Moscow conquered Kazan khanate.
1555 1560
The construction of Vasily Blanie Cathedral.
1556
Moscow conquered the khanate of Astrakhan.
1558 1583
Livonia war.
1565 1572
Implement the czar's special jurisdiction.
158 1 year
The "forbidden year" law was enacted to temporarily cancel farmers' right to leave their owners on Jurjev Day.
Russian Cossack leader Ermak invaded Siberia and defeated the lost khanate.
1584 1598
Tsar fedor Ivanovich was in office.
1589
Russia established an independent patriarchate, and Archbishop Jov was elected as the first patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, completely getting rid of the dependence on Constantinople.
1598 65438+1October 6th
Fedor Ivanovich died, leaving behind the end of the Rick dynasty.
1598 1605
Boris Godunov was in office.
160 1 1603
There was a great famine in Russia, and nearly one-third of people starved to death.
1605 1606
Dimitri I is the czar.
1606 16 10 year
Vasily Shoysky is in office.
1606 1607
The peasant uprising led by Ivan Bolotnikov. This is the first peasant uprising in Russian history.
16101613 years
The period of "Seven boyar Rulings" headed by Misty Slavski.
16 1 1 year 65438+March
The first people's army led by Prokobi Ripnov was established.
16 1 1 year 9 10/month.
Businessman Minen and the Second People's Army led by Duke Pazarski were established.
16 12 10 month
The People's Army expelled Polish armed meddlers from Moscow.
16 13 years
Moscow held a noble meeting and elected Mikhail Fedorovici romanov as czar. The Romanov dynasty began.
16 13 1645
Mikhail Fedorovici romanov was in office.
16 17
Russia and Sweden signed a permanent peace treaty in Stalbo.
16 18
Deurino agreement was signed with Poland for a period of 14.
1628
Building Krasnoyarsk.
1632 1634
Russia and Poland fought for Smolensk.
1643 1646
Boya's army invaded Heilongjiang area of China.
1645 1676
Alexei mikhailovich reigned.
1647
The foundation stone of Okhotsk city was laid.
1649
The meeting of gentry presided over by Tsar alexei mikhailovich passed the meeting code, which abolished all peasants' right to escape, gave serf owners the right to hunt down fugitive serfs permanently, and established serfs' attachment to landlords and serf owners in land, person and justice. This marks the final formation of serfdom in the whole country.
1654 1667
Russia and Poland fought for Ukraine. As a result of the war, the two sides signed the Andrews-Sovo Armistice Agreement in 1667, which divided Ukraine into two parts: the left bank of the Dnieper River (that is, eastern Ukraine) belongs to Russia and the right bank of the Dnieper River (that is, western Ukraine) belongs to Poland. Kiev and its vicinity on the right bank of the Dnieper River were occupied by Russian troops for two years, but in fact they were occupied by Russia forever. Russia has recovered Smolensk, chernigov, Seville and Staro Dubo.
1655
Nikon carried out church reform.
1656 1658
Russia-Switzerland War.
166 1 year
Il Kuske laid the foundation stone.
1667 167 1 year
Stepan Razin led the peasant uprising.
1676 1682
Fedor alexeyevich was in office.
1682
The power struggle between Narish Jin family and Miloslavski family. Shooting army rebellion in Moscow.
1682 1696
Ivan V of Russia and Peter I of Russia were declared czars at the same time, and Sophia was the regent.
1682 1725
Peter I reigned.
1686
Peter I established the Youth Army.
1686
Russia and Poland signed a "permanent peace treaty".
1687
At the initiative of the famous poet Simao Poloczki, the Slavic Greek Latin Institute was established, which is the first ordinary institution of higher learning in Moscow.
1687 and 1689
Duke golitsyn's two expeditions to Crimea ended in failure.
1689
China and Russia concluded the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu, which was the first treaty signed by China and Russia on the basis of equality.
1695 and 1696
Peter I made two expeditions to the Sea of Azov, finally captured the Sea of Azov and gained access to the Sea of Azov.
1696 1725
Peter I reigned.
1697 1698
Peter I visited western Europe with the ambassador delegation.
1698
Film the military rebellion in Moscow.
1700 years
Adoption of new julian calendar legislation.
1700 172 1 year
The Northern War between Russia and Sweden.
1703
News was published in Moscow, which is the first officially printed newspaper in Russia.
Start building St. Petersburg.
17 13 years
Peter I moved the capital from Moscow to Petersburg.
17181721year
Abolish the yamen and replace it with a new central organ Committee.
17 19
Divide the country into 50 states.
172 1 year
Russia and Switzerland signed the Nishtat Peace Treaty, legally confirming that the Baltic Sea and its coastal areas belong to Russia. Since then, Russia has opened a window to Western Europe, expanding from a landlocked country to a coastal power. Russia has since been called the Russian Empire.
Peter I accepted the title of emperor, and the Russian czar began to call him emperor.
The establishment of the Orthodox Church Affairs Administration (Orthodox Church) ended the power struggle between the church and the secular regime, and made the church power subordinate to the secular regime.
The construction of Yekaterinburg fortress began.
1722
The official rank table was promulgated, and all civil and military officials were divided into 14 grades, which broke the concept of family status and selected the best officials.
1725
The Russian Academy of Sciences was established, consisting of mathematics, physics and social sciences. It is not only a research institution, but also a teaching institution, including universities and middle schools.
1725 1727
Yekaterina, I'm in my office.
1725 1730
Bering's first expedition in kamchatka peninsula.
1727 1730
Peter Alekseyevich Romanov, the grandson of Peter I, reigned.
1730 1740
Russian daughter Anna Ivanovna Ivanov V reigned.
1733 1743
Bering's second expedition in kamchatka peninsula finally confirmed the existence of a strait between Eurasia and America.
1735 1739
Russian-Turkish war.
1740
Anna died of illness, and Ivan Antonovic, the three-month-old baby of his niece, was designated as the heir to the throne, known as Ivan VI.
17411761year
Peter I's daughter Petrovsky was in office.
1755
Lomonosov founded Moscow University, the first Russian university. At that time, the school set up three departments: philosophy, law and medicine.
1756 1763
Russia participated in the seven-year war.
176 1 1762
Peter III reigned.
1762 1796
When Catherine II was in power.
1764
Abolish the land ownership of monasteries and churches and put their farmers under the management of economic research institutes. Such farmers are called "economic farmers".
1767
Convene a new meeting of the Editorial Committee.
177 1 year
Russian troops occupied the entire Crimean peninsula.
1772
Opal carved up Poland for the first time Russia occupied the Belarusian region (Rivelin, North Polotsk, Vitebsk, Cheslav and southeast Minsk) and part of Latvia, covering an area of 92,000 square kilometers.
1773 1775
The peasant uprising led by pugachev.
1779
The Black Sea Fleet was established.
1783
The czar's government announced the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to Russia.
1784
Sherihov established the first Russian settlement in Alaska and declared these places owned by Russia.
1793
Russia and Prussia carved up Poland for the second time. Russia has acquired a part of Belarus, a part of Lithuania and most of western Ukraine, covering an area of 250,000 square kilometers.
1795
Opal carved up Poland for the third time. Russia annexed Lithuania, Kurland, western Belarus and western Ukraine, and pushed the border to the Nieman River and the Buge River, covering an area of1.2000 square kilometers.
1796 180 1 year
Paul I reigned.
1799
Russian and American companies were established.
180 1 year
Georgia, which has been protected by Russia since 1783, announced its integration into Russia.
180 1 1825
Alexander I came to power.
1803
The Free Peasants Act was promulgated, allowing landlords to liberate serfs freely, but serfs had to pay a huge ransom.
1804
The government allows universities to be autonomous. Presidents and provosts can be elected by professors' conferences to teach the competent institutions of universities.
1809
Speranski drew up a huge national reform plan, and advocated adopting the shell of constitutional monarchy in Russia and implementing a special parliamentary system, namely the State Duma.
18 10 year
Establish a consultative the State Council.
18 1 1 year
Huangcun College was established to train senior state officials.
18 12 years
The Great Patriotic War against Napoleon's aggression.
18 15
Russia and Austria form a sacred alliance.
The Grand Duchy of Warsaw was incorporated into Russia.
18 19
The University of Petersburg was founded.
1825 1855
Nicholas I reigned.
1825 12 14
December Party Uprising.
1826
Your Majesty's Office, established in 18 12, has a third hall, which is in charge of senior police affairs, and its executive organ is the gendarmerie.
1832
Uvalov, Minister of National Education, put forward the official national theory of "Orthodox Church, autocracy and national character".
1834
Kiev University was founded.
1834 1859
Mountain Uprising led by Dagerstam and Chamir in Chechnya.
1835
The first factory law was promulgated.
New university regulations were promulgated and university autonomy was abolished.
1836
Modern people magazine was founded.
1837
Russia's first passenger railway (Petersburg to Huangcun) was opened to traffic.
1837 184 1 year
Kiselev has reformed the management system of state-owned farmers.
1839 1843
Conkling, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, carried out fiscal and monetary reforms, taking silver rubles as the basis of currency circulation.
1839
Khomyakov's On the Old and the New was published. From then on, the debate between Slavs and Westerners began in the history of Russian thought.
1848
Tsar Nicholas I issued a declaration calling for putting out the European revolution.
1849
Nicholas I sent troops to suppress the Hungarian revolution.
185 1 year
The railway from Petersburg to Moscow was opened to traffic.
1853 1856
Crimean war.
1855 188 1 year
Alexander II was in power.
1856
The Treaty of Paris was signed and the Crimean War ended.
Amnesty for exiled members of The Decemberists.
1857
Herzen and Oglev's Bell magazine was founded in London.
1858
Sino-Russian infatuation treaty.
1859
Russian troops occupied Chechnya and Nagorno-Dagger Stan, and Chamir was captured.
1860
Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty.
1860
The National Bank was established.
186 1 February 19
Alexander II issued a general decree for peasants to get rid of serfdom.
1862 1874
Miliujin's military reform.
1863
Cancel liquor monopoly and levy consumption tax. Abolish corporal punishment.
June 1863
New university regulations were promulgated to restore university autonomy.
1864
Carry out local autonomy reform and set up local autonomy bureaus;
Carry out judicial reform and implement the jury system;
Reform secondary education, allow social organizations and private individuals to establish primary schools, and implement the principle of equality at all levels and of all faiths in secondary schools.
1864 1885
Conquer Central Asia.
1865
The provisional publication regulations were adopted, and the inspection of books and newspapers was relaxed. It was stipulated that the inspection of relevant government departments would not be accepted before publication, but only in Petersburg and Moscow.
1867
The czar government sold Alaska to the United States for $7.2 million. Russian and American companies closed.
122 April 870 (new calendar)
Vladimir ilych Lenin was born in Simbilsk.
1870
Carry out urban reform and establish the city Duma, which is a non-hierarchical urban self-government organ in Russian cities.
1870 10 month
Gorchakov, Foreign Minister, informed the signatories of the Paris Treaty to give up the relevant clauses restricting their sovereignty in the Black Sea.
187 1 March
The participating countries of the Paris Treaty signed the so-called London Convention, and Russia recovered its rights in the Black Sea.
1872
The Russian translation of the first volume of Marx's Das Kapital was published.
1873
Formed the "san huang Union".
1874
Populists launched the "Go to the People" movement.
1875
South Russian Workers' Association was founded in Odessa.
1876
The populist secret organization "Land and Freedom" was founded.
1877 1878
Russian-Turkish war.
1978
Russian Northern Workers' Association was founded in Petersburg.
65438+August 0879
The "land and freedom" society split into the public opinion party and the black branch.
65438+February 0880
The Supreme Security Committee for the Maintenance of State Order and Social Security, headed by loris Melikov, was established.
65438+August 0880
The Supreme Security Council and the Third Hall for Maintaining State Order and Social Security were abolished, and their functions and powers were transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs headed by loris Melikov.
188 1 March 1 day
Alexander II was stabbed to death.
188 1 1894
During the reign of Alexander III.
188 1 May
Alexander III issued an unshakable declaration of autocracy.
188 1 August
The Regulations on the Protection of National Security and Social Security was promulgated.
1882 1886
A series of factory laws were passed.
1882
Establish a farmers' land bank.
Laws restricting the use of child labor have been promulgated.
Establish a factory inspection agency to supervise the implementation of the factory law.
The poll tax in Europe and Russia was abolished (starting from 1899, the poll tax in Siberia was also abolished).
Promulgated a new "Provisional Regulations on Publication", which strengthened the publication review.
1883
Plekhanov founded the first Russian Marxist group "Labor Liberation Society" in Geneva.
1884
The new university regulations abolish university autonomy and put universities under the close supervision of the authorities and inspectors.
1885
Morozov factory workers went on strike.
Establish a noble land bank.
Promulgate a law prohibiting women and minors in industrial enterprises from working at night.
1886
Promulgate laws to restrict the separation of farmers.
Promulgate regulations on agricultural employees.
1889 1892
The social democratic organization led by Mie Brusnev is active in Petersburg.
65438+June 0890
Promulgate new regulations on local self-government institutions.
189 1 year
Start building trans-siberian railway.
Famine occurred in 20 provinces in the black soil belt.
1893
Promulgate laws to restrict land redistribution in peasant villages and communities.
1894
Implement a liquor monopoly.
1894 19 17 years
The last Tsar Nicholas II came to power.
1895
Lenin organized the "Working Class Liberation Struggle Association" in Petersburg.
1897
The first all-Russian census.
Xie Youwei carried out monetary reform and implemented the gold standard.
1897 190 1 year
Building the Middle East Railway.
1898
The Russian Social Democratic Labor Party was founded and its first congress was held in Minsk.
Russia forced the Qing government to sign a land lease treaty for Lvda, which made Lvda a strong Sect for 25 years.
1899 1903
Industrial crisis.
1900
The newspaper Mars was founded.
190 1 1902
The Social Revolutionary Party was founded.
1902
Liberalism magazine Liberation was founded.
65438+June 0902
The representative meeting of the Moscow Local Self-government Bureau adopted a moderate liberal reform plan.
1903
Workers in South Russia went on strike.
1July 903
The second Congress of Russian Social Democratic Labor Party was held in Brussels and London. At the congress, the party split into two factions: Bolsheviks headed by Lenin and Mensheviks headed by martov.
65438+August 0903
Xie Youwei resigned as Chancellor of the Exchequer and was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
1904 1905
Russia-Japan War.
1904 65438+ October
The Russian liberal organization "Liberation Alliance" was established.
190565438+1October 3rd
General strike at Putilov factory in Petersburg.
190565438+1October 9th
Bloody Sunday. The first Russian revolution began.
1905 65438+ 10/0/218
The inaugural meeting of Russia's largest liberal party, the Constitutional Democratic Party.
1905 65438+ 10/0/7
Nicholas II promulgated the Declaration on Reorganizing State Order, that is, the Declaration of 10/0/7, which endowed citizens with freedom and endowed the State Duma with legislative functions. Russia began to transition to constitutional monarchy.
1905 65438+ 10/0/9
A Council of Ministers headed by Victor was established.
1905 10 month
The Russian People's Union, a far-right party, was founded.
1905 1 1 month
An imperial edict aimed at reducing farmers' ransom was issued.
1905165438+10/0.
The right-wing Liberal Party "October 17th Alliance" (also known as "October Party") was established.
1February 20, 906
Reorganize the State Council into the House of Lords alongside the State Duma.
1906 April
Victor resigned and appointed Goremikin as the chairman of the Council of Ministers.
1April 23, 906
The new edition of the Fundamental Law of the Russian Empire was promulgated, which stipulated the authority of the Tsar, the State Duma and the State Council, and the power of the Tsar began to be restricted by law.
1April 27, 906
The first State Duma opened.
1July 8, 906
Goremikin resigned and Storey Ping, Minister of the Interior, was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
1July 9, 906
The first State Duma was dissolved.
1906 July 10
182 deputies of the State Duma issued the Viborg Declaration in Viborg, Finland, calling on residents not to pay taxes and refuse to perform military service.
1906 August
Attempted to assassinate Stolypin.
1906 August
Establish a field military court.
1906165438+1October 9
The czar's government issued a decree allowing farmers to use their land to set up village cooperatives. Stolypin's agricultural reform has begun.
1February 20, 907
The second State Duma opened.
1June 3, 907
Dissolve the second State Duma and promulgate a new election law.
1907 165438+2002 10/0/965438+June 9.
The third State Duma.
1909
Saratov University was founded.
19 10 June 14
The State Duma passed Stolypin's agricultural reform plan.
1 911September1
Stolypin was assassinated in Kiev and died on September 5th after being rescued.
19 1 1 September11day
Kokov Tsefu was appointed chairman of the Council of Ministers.
19 12 1 month
The Sixth Congress of Russian Social Democratic Labor Party was held in Prague, and abolitionists were expelled from the party.
1965438+April 2002
Lena's tragedy.
19 12 1 1.5
The 4th State Duma opens.
19 13 years
The second war in Pakistan.
1914 65438+1October 30th.
Kokov Tsev resigned and Goremykin was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
19 14 years
Russia took part in the First World War.
Petersburg was renamed Petrograd.
19 16 65438+ October 20th
Goremykin resigned and Sthymmel was appointed chairman of the Council of Ministers.
1916165438+10/0.
Sthymmel resigned and Trepaud became chairman of the Council of Ministers.
19 16 12.27
Trepaud resigned and golitsyn became chairman of the Council of Ministers.
1965438+February 23, 2007
Petrograd women workers held demonstrations.
19 17 February 25th
General strike in Petrograd.
1965438+February 27, 2007
Members of the "Progressive Alliance" formed an interim committee of the State Duma headed by Luo.
Representatives of socialist political parties formed the Petrograd Workers' Representative Soviet led by the leader of Menshevik Duma Qi Hezai.
1965438+March 2, 2007
The Provisional Committee of the State Duma established an interim government headed by Duke гее Lvov.
Nicholas II abdicated and passed the throne to Mikhail Alessandro.
1965438+March 3, 2007
Mikhail gave up the throne.
1965438+March 8, 2007
The czar's family was arrested.
19 18
Nicholas II's family was executed in Yekaterinburg.
Russia has been bordering China for nearly 500 years. At this time, Russia has its own unique culture, so China has little influence on Russian culture! !