The history of management is not long, and its spread and development in China is relatively slow. Like many other social humanities subjects, China people's research and discovery in management subjects are few and far between in the west. After the industrial revolution in the west18th century, people gradually need scientific management methods. At this time, China missed the opportunity of productivity leap because of its closure, and of course there would be no management development. /kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the beginning of the 20th century, people finally upgraded their traditional perceptual knowledge of management to rational knowledge, and had a scientific and reasonable management theory. For China, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society that is sinking into the abyss day by day, it cannot be absorbed and utilized. Therefore, the development of management in China is far from perfect, even in the 20th century. Contemporary entrepreneurs in China pay more and more attention to management, and they are more and more used in enterprise management. However, these have just started, and there are many difficulties and challenges. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study and practice this subject more deeply.
When I first entered the management, I found that this subject involved a wide range. I think there is no fixed model for effective management. The first thing to be put in the first place must be reality. There are many management options for different situations and different purposes. It is not easy for us to choose the most effective, economical or easy method. Therefore, we must first define a core and essential goal. For enterprise management, that is to make the least investment get the maximum return. Investment includes many aspects, such as money, time, manpower, material resources, resources, land and so on. All objective consumption and subjective influence should be taken into account. For the return, it is mainly the profit of the enterprise, and of course there are intangible assets such as the visibility, credibility and social value of the enterprise. These intangible assets are more important than economic profits to a certain extent, or can bring more economic profits to the enterprise. After defining this central goal, I roughly divided the principles and theories I learned in Introduction to Management into two aspects to be done in enterprise management. I think these two aspects are important parts of management, and they are also management problems that people need to try their best to complete.
The first part is about work. All enterprises are formed by countless people holding countless positions, so all enterprises have certain organizational structure and working methods. At the same time, people in each position, whether managers, technicians or workers, need to complete their work within a certain plan, which are the contents that need to be designed and planned before the operation of the enterprise. Therefore, the primary task of management is to arrange the structure and content of these tasks. This is undoubtedly a very arduous and complicated task, especially to make the arrangement result tend to be the most reasonable and work efficiency reach the highest. Regardless of other factors, from the perspective of work alone, if the organizational structure of an enterprise is the most reasonable and scientific, and everyone's work in the enterprise is the most appropriate and accurate, then the enterprise can get the maximum return with the least investment. In reality, this is impossible, because we can never find a perfect way to work, and the actual situation is changing, and the realistic requirements are constantly changing. To be "perfect", it is necessary to constantly change, which is also extremely unrealistic for managers. Therefore, management scientists are only committed to improving work efficiency, rather than seeking a kind of "perfection". In this regard, the scientific management thought that appeared at the beginning of the 20th century has made great achievements. Taylor's scientific management thoughts include determining reasonable working standards, standardizing working methods, rationally distributing workers, implementing differential piece-rate wage system and implementing functional foreman system. These theories themselves play a great role in effective management, and at the same time make people pay more attention to the scientific design and transformation of work, thus improving efficiency. Every manager should get more essential content from scientific management thought, that is, through scientific and effective management, continuously improve people's work efficiency. Taylor just made a start for people in this respect. Later managers need to be creative, face all kinds of situations, scientifically and reasonably design organizational structure and working methods, so as to maximize efficiency. This is a part of the work, of course, not only scientific management ideas have a positive effect on it, but also the ultimate goal is to maximize efficiency by adjusting the work.
The first part is undoubtedly the most important part of management, but without the second part, the first part will undoubtedly be greatly discounted. The second part is about people. If the design and adjustment of work is relatively fixed and rigid, then people's work is full of elastic and uncertain factors. Because people and work tools are different, various psychological and physiological factors will affect people's work efficiency. If you want to improve your work efficiency, you can't ignore your concern for people. If not, the effect will be greatly reduced simply by improving the first aspect. If we ignore people's concern for a long time, it will have a more negative impact. For people, what managers should do is to maximize people's work efficiency, which requires people to have great enthusiasm for their work, and all work factors are conducive to people's maximum work efficiency. Working environment, interpersonal relationship and humanistic atmosphere are all important. In this respect, Mayo's interpersonal relationship management is a pioneer in this field. Through the famous Hawthorne experiment, he put forward new concepts different from scientific management, including social man hypothesis, morale and informal organization. Mayo's theory makes people pay attention to people in their work. A harmonious and pleasant working environment, a group of harmonious and competitive workers and a positive working atmosphere will greatly exceed the general working environment. This aspect is obviously different from work, full of great flexibility and changes, and has higher requirements for managers. Different types of managers may create completely different working environments, even excellent managers. There is no specific standard for a good working environment, as long as it can better promote people's work. Managers need to have strong interpersonal and communication skills in order to do a good job of people, which is also quite difficult. Generally speaking, for people, although it is not as important as work, its role may be more significant, and it will also bring some contents that can not be brought by improvement work to an enterprise.
I think the management in an enterprise can be roughly divided into two aspects, the work and the people. The five aspects of planning, organization, control, encouragement and leadership included in management can all be included in these two specific tasks. For management, these are some of my current macro understandings, but I know little about the details now. Management is an art, which requires managers to have various abilities. At the same time, their specific operation methods are not restricted and bound, and they need good creativity. To study management, I think we should not only learn the subject content of management itself, but also improve ourselves in other aspects. More importantly, we should find and study problems in practice. At the same time, I also found that if I want to learn management well, I need to learn many other subjects to have a better and deeper understanding of management. Such as philosophy, sociology, psychology, etc. I think it will be of great help to the study of management. Management is also a subject that needs to think, study and find problems by itself, and all knowledge must stand the test of real practice. For me, it is difficult to experience management practice in college, and reading management and important books related to management is undoubtedly the best way to learn.
The above is my understanding of management in the past six months, and it is difficult to think comprehensively in a short time. So writing down this experience first can be regarded as a phased summary of your own learning. Although I don't have any management courses to take now, I find that this is a vast sky when I enter this field, and I need to take time to further study.