Ci originated from the folk in the Tang Dynasty and was called "Quzi Ci". Later, it was accepted by literati and transformed into lyric poetry. After the Five Dynasties, this poetic genre gradually matured. The most famous poets in the late Tang and Five Dynasties were Wen, Wei Zhuang, Ji and Li Yu. By the great development of the Song Dynasty, famous artists came forth in large numbers, which was a great spectacle. There are many famous poets in Song Dynasty, such as Zhang Xian, Liu Yong, Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu, Yan, Su Shi, Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian, He Zhu, Zhou Bangyan, Li Qingzhao, Zhu Dunru, Zhang, Xin Qiji, Chen Liang, Jiang Kui, Liu Kezhuang, Wu Wenying and Zhang Yan. Tang Guizhang, a close friend, edited songs throughout the Song Dynasty, with nearly 20,000 works by more than 1000 authors. Before talking about specific works, let's briefly understand the metrical characteristics of words.
There are other names such as "Yu Shi", "Yuefu" and "Qin Qu". It is a style of metrical poetry, which is characterized by irregular sentence patterns, so it is also called "long and short sentences". It is customary to divide words into three categories: those with less than 58 words are called Xiaoling, those with 59 to 90 words are called Zhongdiao, and those with more than 9 1 words are called Longdiao. What is not segmented is called single tone, what is divided into two segments is called double tone, what is divided into three segments is called three tones, and what is divided into four segments is called four tones. The latter two are rare. Each word has its own epigraph, such as dream, butterfly lovers, magnolia flowers slow, He Xinlang and so on. Originally it was the name of a tune, but later the word was divorced from music, and these epigrams became the format with only lyrics. According to its format, the author can fill in any content, so the epigraph is not a title and is not necessarily related to the content. Words have their own set of metrical requirements. Let's take a look at the memory of Jiangnan by the famous poet Li Yu:
How much hate, in my dream last night. It's like swimming in the garden in the past, and cars are like running water in Ma Rulong. Flowers and the moon are spring breeze.
After Li Yu surrendered to the Song Dynasty, he became a prisoner, recalled the life of the emperor and wrote this poem full of nostalgia and regret. The whole word consists of five sentences, 27 words and three rhymes (Chinese, dragon and wind). Its plane format is:
Flat and light, flat and light. Flat and light, flat and light. It is flat.
The rhyme requirement of words is wider than that of modern poetry (19 rhyme), but it is strict with leveling. As for duality, it is rarely used in words. According to the statistics of Qin Ding's Ci Poems in Qing Dynasty, there are more than 800 kinds of epigrams (that is, more than 800 kinds of formats), and only 100 is commonly used.
We know that the Song Dynasty can be divided into two stages: the Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127) and the Southern Song Dynasty (1 1279). In these two stages, the national situation is very different, which is manifested in the creation of ci, and also presents different styles. The following is a brief introduction to the poets of the Song Dynasty in two periods and their works.
1 Northern Song Ci
After the unification of China in the Northern Song Dynasty, the economy developed rapidly, especially the industry and commerce, and the cities generally prospered. The emergence and development of Ci meet the needs of urban cultural life. Ci is a kind of poetic genre, which mostly describes the love, leisure and resentment between men and women in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and thinks that this is the true nature of Ci. In the early northern song dynasty, ci was still like this, and more leisure words such as flowers and moons were written. Some of them are beautifully written, such as Yan Shu's "Huanxisha":
A new song and a glass of wine. Last year, the weather got old. When does the sun set? Helpless, let the flowers fall, as if I had met Yan's return, and Xiaoyuan Xiangjing wandered alone.
After writing a new word and drinking a glass of wine, the weather is the same as last year, the pavilions are still the same, but the sun has set and another day has passed. What time will it start tomorrow? Although the flowers are delicious and lovely, no one can save them from withering; The same swallows as last year flew back (seeing that the beautiful spring is about to die), and I wandered back and forth on the path covered with fallen flowers alone. It is a fashionable feeling among literati in the old days to look at flowers and cry over the moon. Because of depression or boredom, they often write such poems to dispel their feelings of loneliness. Yan Shu's poems are praised as masterpieces because of their sentimental feelings and gentle tone. Read another song by Ouyang Xiu (Yuan Xi), Birthday Checker;
On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the flower market is brightly lit. The moon rose to the willow tree, and he met me at dusk. On the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month of this year, the moonlight and lights are still the same as last year. I will never see my old friend last year again, and my tears are soaked through my clothes.
Lantern Festival, Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month. Last year, the lively Lantern Festival, I had a sweet date with my lover, which was unforgettable. This year's midnight snack is the same as last year, except that my sweetheart is gone (maybe farewell, maybe parting), and I can't help crying in loneliness. Looks like a girl, "tears wet the sleeves of the spring shirt", indicating that she is secretly crying, so it is not easy to cry and shout. This word is said to have been written by Zhu in some books. No matter who the author is, it is a good word because it is sincere, light and natural.
Liu Yong was an influential poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was frustrated and bored as an official, so he mixed with prostitutes in Geer and lived a decadent and dissolute life. Liu Yong devoted himself to the creation of Ci all his life and was good at writing feelings. He developed the word "long tune", which is popular and fluent, appealing to both refined and popular tastes. His masterpieces, Lin Yuling and Wang, are still familiar to everyone. We appreciate his Klang Ganzhou;
Facing the rain from the sky, a piece of washed autumn scenery on the river is particularly cold. The bleak frost wind is tight, the river surface of the mountains and rivers is deserted, and the setting sun shines on the tall buildings. Red flowers wither everywhere, and all the beautiful scenery gradually disappears. Only the gushing water of the Yangtze river flows eastward without sound.
Without the heart to climb the distance and overlook the distant home, it is difficult to gather the desire to go home. Sighing where these years have gone, why do you have to stay in a strange land for a long time? If you want to see beautiful women make up, you will know the way home after missing the sky a few times. Fight for me, lean on the dry place, I am worried!
This word expresses the feelings of running around in official career, wandering and missing relatives in hometown. The poet saw a heavy rain falling in the sky between rivers, and autumn scenery was as fresh as washing. The autumn wind seems to be tight for a while, the mountains and rivers are cold and depressing, and the afterglow of the sunset reflects the building, making it more and more melancholy. Flowers bloom and leaves fall everywhere, and everything converges. The Yangtze River water no longer makes waves, but flows eastward silently. At this moment, the poet doesn't want to climb high and overlook, because his hometown, Wan Li, is far away, and his homesickness can't be suppressed. Ask yourself: what is the reason for wandering for a year? Imagine that my wife (beauty) is dressing up upstairs, expecting my return. I have misunderstood the ships coming on the horizon many times, and I was disappointed again and again. How did she know that I was leaning against the railing now, and I was so worried about her? It is smart to compare your own ideas with your wife's. It is a rare good work to write scenery with affection on the top and affection on the bottom, and the whole word and scene blend step by step, and the language is fluent.
In the past, people divided Song Ci into graceful school and bold school. The early ci poems were monotonous in content, exquisite and delicate, graceful in artistic conception, and belonged to the graceful school. After Su Shi became a poet, the style of Ci changed. He learned from others, broadened the realm of ci, praised ancient figures, expressed patriotic embrace and described rural scenery, and became a pioneer of the uninhibited school.
Let's read one of his songs, The Fairy of Linjiang (Going to Lingao at Night):
I drank Dongpo in the evening and woke up drunk. It seemed like midnight when I came back. It thundered at home. You shouldn't even knock on the door, but lean on your cane and listen to the sound of the river.
I have hated this body for a long time. When will I forget the camp? The night was calm and the lines were flat. Since then, this ship has passed away, and Jiang Hai spent the rest of his life.
Su Shi 1079 was convicted of writing poems and was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang County, Hubei Province) by Zhao Yong, Song Shenzong. I often travel to Dongpo, so I named myself "Dongpo Jushi". This word was written by Huangzhou people. The word said: Dongpo and his friends got drunk at night and returned to their residence, feeling as if it were the third night. The little servant has fallen into a deep sleep, snoring like thunder, and banging on the door can't wake him up. Su Shi had to lean on crutches and listen to the sound of waves coming from the direction of the Yangtze River. At this time, he remembered the half-life experience of officialdom, and his feelings came to mind: it is often a pity that he can't be his own master. When will he get rid of the shackles of fame and fortune? At this moment, the night is deep, the wind is still there, and there is no ripple in the water in the pond. It was in this silence that another thought came to his mind: how wonderful it would be to escape from this noisy world in a boat and spend the rest of my life in the sea without restraint! It is said that after Su Shi finished writing this poem, he sang it with his friends several times and then went home separately. The next day in Huangzhou, it is said that Su Shi hung his official uniform by the river and escaped by boat at night. Xu Junyou, the county magistrate, was shocked to hear that the sinner demoted by the emperor had lost his state and could not afford to eat. So I rushed to Su Shi's residence to inspect and found that Su Shi was snoring loudly in the room and had not got up yet.
Su Dongpo and Li Bai have one thing in common, that is, they both have strong romantic temperament. The word "Mid-Autumn Festival" in Su Ci is very vivid;
Looking from the sky, there is no trace of Wan Liyun. Sweet-scented osmanthus is flying, and the sun shines in autumn. Yuyu Qionglou, coming and going from Luan, people are in Liangguo. Mountains and rivers are picturesque, and smoke trees are vivid. I clap my hands and sing wildly, till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon, and become a guest. Dancing and falling in the wind, I don't know what night it is! I want to ride the wind, but I want to go home, so why not ride Peng Yi! In the Crystal Palace, the flute was blown off with a loud sound.
On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, there is no cloud in Wan Li. A bright moon (Guipo is synonymous with the moon) flies into the sky, and Yin Hui shines everywhere, so that the blue night sky in autumn is immersed in the cold. Imagine, in the Guanghan Palace on the moon, a white fairy rides a couple and lives in a cool world. The mountains and rivers on the moon are picturesque, and the trees are distinct at first glance. When I was drunk, I clapped my hands and sang loudly, and till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon drank together. Plus my shadow, it just became three partners (with Li Bai's poem "Until, raise my cup, I ask the moon, bring my shadow, let us three"). Dancing in the cool dew, this beautiful night made me forget everything. I really want to fly to the moon by wind, without the help of Dapeng in Zhuangzi. How wonderful it would be to stand in the glittering and translucent moon palace and play the flute one after another! This word was also written by Su Shi when he demoted Huangzhou. The situation is not free, but he is free and easy, comforting himself with beautiful fantasies, "You Xian flies with the moon and dies" ("Former Red Cliff Fu"), liberating himself in the spiritual world. This is the charm of Su Dongpo and his poems.
Zhou Bangyan was highly cultivated and famous among poets in the Northern Song Dynasty, and many people studied him. He belongs to the graceful school and writes more about men and women. His landscape poems are fresh and elegant, full of aesthetic feeling and many fine works. Let's read one of his poems, Su Curtain Covering:
Burn incense and cool off the heat. Birds call clear, intrude into the eaves. The leaves of Chuyang withered all night, the water was clear and round, and the wind and lotus rose one by one. My hometown is far away. When will I go? I live in Wumen and have been traveling in Chang 'an for a long time. Do the fishermen in May remember each other? Boat, dream into furongpu.
Scenery: Burning agarwood (a kind of wood spice) dispels hot flashes. Birds seem to be looking forward to sunny days and chirp on the eaves at dawn. Last night's rain leaves dried quickly in the early morning sunshine, and the round lotus leaves on the water stood up one by one, swaying in the morning wind. Xia Gan Lyrics: My hometown is far away, when can I go home? I live in Suzhou (Wumen), but I have lived in Bianjing (the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty) for a long time. "Chang 'an" is synonymous with the capital). Yu Lang in my hometown, remember me? I dreamed that in May, we canoed together and went to the lotus pond to catch fish. Writing about birds, rain and lotus, a few strokes outline a summer morning scene. The sentence "The water surface is clear and round, and the wind and lotus strike at one stroke" was rated as "the one who can really get the lotus" by scholar Wang Guowei. Xia Tan wrote his deep nostalgia for his hometown with the typical memory of "a leaf in a boat, a dream in Furong Pu".
Li Qingzhao was an outstanding poetess who lived in the Song Dynasty. She and her husband Zhao Mingcheng (scholar) lived a very happy life when they were young. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the couple crossed the south, and soon their husband died. Li Qingzhao spent the rest of her life in pain and boredom. Her writing is novel, popular, fluent and unique. After the country fled to the south, the feelings of wandering life were mostly written in the ci, which was sad and touching. The following is one of her songs "Wulingchun":
The wind has stopped the dust, the fragrant flowers have blossomed, and I am tired of combing my hair at night. Things are people, not everything, and tears flow first. It is said that Shuangxi Spring is still good, and it is also planned to make canoes. I'm afraid Shuangxi's boat can't carry much worry.
In late spring, the fragrance of fallen flowers (dust fragrance) can no longer be smelled in the breeze, and all the flowers wither; The sun is already high, and I have no mood to dress up after getting up. The surrounding scenery is still the same, the personnel have changed greatly, and everything is over! Tears came out before the words were finished. It is said that Shuangxi (now Jinhua, Zhejiang) is still beautiful in spring and I really want to go boating. I'm afraid that the small cruise ship in Shuangxi can't bear my full sorrow. A newly widowed talented woman living in a foreign land is bored and full of worries, all of which are expressed in her words. Sadness is something invisible and intangible, but in the poet's pen, it not only has weight, but also capsizes the boat. What a novel imagination!
2 Southern Song Ci
The bold and unconstrained ci school initiated by Su Shi only developed greatly in the Southern Song Dynasty. Scholars who were driven to the south of the Yangtze River by the Jin people saw the broken mountains and rivers and experienced the pain of the country's destruction. They no longer have the intention of lingering on the scene and making love to the moon, but pour patriotic feelings into their poems and write a lot of generous and tragic works. Zhang Xiaoxiang's Song of Six Kingdoms is representative:
Looking at the long Huaihe River, the traffic is surging, and there is a Ma Pingchuan. The dust is dark, the frost is thick, the edge is quiet and dark. Recalling the past, near the sky, inhuman; In our sight, string songs and land are also fishy. In the waterproof felt country, under the setting sun, cattle and sheep flock together, and the region is not vertical and horizontal. People were surprised to see the famous Wang Xiao hunting, riding a fire to make clear pictures, beating drums and wailing.
How can an arrow be read at the waist, a sword in the box, and an empty cockroach be realized! Easy to lose time, strong heart, zero years old, the fairy is in Beijing. Dry feather Fang Huaiyuan, quiet and quiet, died. What if it is love? When I heard of an old friend in the Central Plains, I often looked south, and the neon was bright. Make pedestrians here, loyal and angry, with tears.
The poet stood on the bank of the Huaihe River and looked in the direction of the occupied Central Plains, but what he saw was a desolate scene in the border. The flying dust covered the air, and the autumn wind blew violently without a sound (because there was no resistance in the Southern Song Dynasty, the war subsided), which made the poet extremely depressed and angry! Looking back (in the first year of Jingkang, AD 1 126), the nomads from the army captured Bianjing and took away Hui Di and the Central Plains of the Qin Emperor. This is a doomed fate, and human resources cannot be redeemed. As a result, the sacred places in the waters and Surabaya where Confucius gave lectures were also polluted by the smell of nuzhen cattle and sheep. On the other side of Huaihe River, Jin people set up tents with blankets and became their residences. At sunset, flocks of cattle and sheep returned from grazing, and military posts were set up everywhere. In the evening, the nomads from the army (famous soldiers) came out to hunt (also for training and demonstrations), and the cavalry shone brightly all over the fields with torches, and the Hu Jia and the drums became one, which was frightening. The first half is about scenery, and the second half is about lyricism. It suddenly occurred to the author that the carved arrows and swords in the box were originally used to kill the enemy. However, due to the disobedience of the capitulators, they were covered with dust and eaten by moths, and finally achieved nothing. Time has passed in vain, and the ambition to serve the country has been heroic in vain. One year has passed, and the capital, Shenjing, still cannot be recovered. The capitulators are still playing with the so-called appeasement policy, which is actually deceiving themselves and others. "Dry Feather Fang Huaiyuan" uses the allusion in Shangshu Dayu Mo: Dayu used to attack the disobedient Miao people, making them dance with dry (shield) and feathers, making them bow down. This is an incredible legend, and using this allusion is a bitter irony to the capitulators. In this way, the bonfire on the border has been extinguished and the soldiers have stopped fighting. At the same time, the messengers of peace sent by the Southern Song Dynasty, wearing high hats (crowns) and riding in covered cars, have been running between the two countries. Is it not shameful? It is said that the adherents of the Central Plains led the South to look forward to the return of the Song Dynasty emperor's canopy (emerald, feather-decorated canopy) and ceremonial flag (neon, rainbow-like ceremonial flag), but it failed every year. Ambassadors (pedestrians) with a sense of justice are filled with loyalty and tears. This poem is full of emotion, surging, magnificent, generous and sad, and it is a famous work in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Among the bold poets, Xin Qiji has the highest achievement. Among poets, he is as famous as Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty and is called "Su Xin".
Xin Qiji (A.D.1140-1207), whose real name is You 'an, is Jia Xuan. Born in the enemy-occupied area of Jinan, he received his grandfather's cultural education and patriotic education since childhood, and made a great wish to make contributions to the recovery of his old country. At the age of 22, he called 2,000 people to fight against Jin, joined the rebel army led by Geng Jing, and served as the minister in charge of the army. He is a traitor, a monk named Duan Yi. He once broke into Zhang Anguo's 50,000-person military camp with 50 cavalry. Zhang Anguo killed Geng Jing and surrendered to the Jin people. He captured Zhang Anguo alive and took him to Nanjing to be beheaded. Later, he became an official in the Southern Song Dynasty and was exempted from official duties for a long time. His wish to restore the Central Plains finally failed to come true. At the age of 67, he was determined to die. He could have been an outstanding politician and strategist, but he left his name as a poet. His ci has been handed down from generation to generation for more than 600 poems, with many famous articles. The most representative of his ci style is "Ode to Yule" (Gubeiting in Jingkou nostalgia);
It is difficult to find a hero like Sun Quan after the history of the country. Dancing in the pavilion, singing on the platform, wind and rain always blow away romantic feelings. The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived. Think back to the days when Jin Ge was an iron horse and devoured Wan Li. However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent. I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou. Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple. Who will ask, how is Lian Po's appetite when he is old?
This was written by Xin Qiji when he was a magistrate in Zhenjiang in his later years. He boarded Gubei Pavilion (in the northeast of Zhenjiang City), looked around the rivers, remembered the ancient heroes, and wrote this poem: Jiangshan will stay forever, but he will never see Sun Quan, the hero who defeated Cao Cao and established the State of Wu, here again. The romantic aftertaste of his song and dance entertainment in the past has also disappeared without a trace in the erosion of historical storms. It is said that in the grass trees and ordinary streets under the setting sun, there lived the brave and promising Emperor Wu of Song Wudi in the Southern Dynasties (posthumous title, the slave-sending emperor). Think that year, he once led the Northern Expedition of Conference semifinals and recovered the territory of Wan Li in the Central Plains. How magnificent! However, his son Song Wendi Liu Yilong is an idiot. During Yuan Jia's reign, he rushed to the north to make martial arts ("seal the jackal in Xushan"). Huo Qubing made a northern expedition to the Huns of the Han Dynasty, and chased the jackal in Xushan to make contributions by carving stones. This generation refers to martial arts), defeated by Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and fled back in a mess (there is a saying in Liu Yilong's poem that "there are tears in the north"). Xin Qiji recalled that 43 years ago, when he led the army south and passed through Yangzhou, the war was raging and he couldn't help feeling deeply. The past is unbearable. Look at the "Beaver Temple" on Guabu Mountain in the north. Crows are noisy, bells and drums are ringing, and the north is still under the rule of Jin people. I am as old as Lian Po, and I still serve my country with great ambition. But who will come to see me and see if I can eat as before and get on the horse to kill the enemy? The allusion used here is: Lian Po, a famous soldier of Zhao in the Warring States Period, was still full of courage in his later years. The prince of Zhao remembered to use him against Qin, so he sent an emissary to observe him. Lian Po was very happy. He ate a bucket of rice (10 kg) at a meal, put on his armor and mounted his horse, indicating that he could still fight. However, the emissary was bribed by Lian Po's political enemies and went back to report falsely to the king of Zhao: "Lian Po is old and eats well, but after sitting for a while, he did it three times." The prince of Zhao thought Lian Po was useless, so he didn't use him again. Xin Qiji used this allusion to lament that he was worse than Lian Po. This word expresses Shang Kun's yearning for the heroic cause of Sun Quan and Liu Yu. Xia Gan used Liu Yilong to satirize the incompetence of those in power in the Southern Song Dynasty. Finally, Lian Po lamented that he had no chance to serve his country, and his resentment was beyond words. In addition to this kind of magnificent words, Xin Qiji also has some small words that describe scenery and express feelings, which are also widely loved.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were still some poets who embarked on the road of graceful and restrained school, carved chapters and sentences, pursued elegance, and wrote many sad and touching words with low feelings. Shi Dazu, Wang, Zhang Yan and others are all such poets, among which Jiang Kui is the most influential. Although his poems such as Dimfragrance and Thin Shadow are famous, they are empty in content, vague in meaning and obscure, and are not loved by more readers except a few experts. His word "Yangzhou Slow" has great influence, but it is a bit difficult to understand. Let's take a look at a small preface in front of it:
Xi Chunbing applied to go to Japan and gave it to Wei Yang. At the beginning of the night snow, the wheat is looking forward to it. Entering the city, you will look around for depression, cold water is green, dusk is rising, and corners are sad. I feel sad and sad. Because of this song, the old man Yan Qian thinks there is sadness in "millet separation".
Translated into modern Chinese, this passage is: "I passed by Yangzhou on the winter solstice in the third year of filial piety (AD 1 176). It just stopped snowing all night, and there are shepherd's purse and wheat seedlings everywhere. When I entered the city, it was a desolate scene. There are no pedestrians at the lonely water's edge, the dusk is getting thicker, and the city head is blowing a sad corner. A sad mood came to my mind, feeling the prosperity of Yangzhou in the past and the decline of Yangzhou today, so I wrote this song. After reading it, Xiao Dezao, an old man in Yan Qian, thinks that this is consistent with the feelings of mourning for the motherland in the Book of Songs. " 1 16 1 year, Zhu Jin and Yan Hongliang led 600,000 troops to attack the Southern Song Dynasty in four directions, and many places in the north of the Yangtze River suffered heavy losses. The destruction of Yangzhou that Jiang Kui saw after 15 was caused by this war. The following is the text of the word:
Huaizuomingdu, Zhuxi is a good place with few saddles on the initial journey. Ten miles after the spring breeze, the wheat is green. Since Huma went to see the river, he abandoned the trees by the pool and still hated talking about soldiers. It's getting late and everything is empty. Du Lang Jun's reward, even now, is too heavy to be surprising. When you are a poet, you have a beautiful dream of a brothel, but it is difficult to be affectionate. The 24th Bridge is still there, and Leng Yue is silent. After reading the red medicine by the bridge, who will you know every year?
Some poets in the Song Dynasty like to express their feelings with good sentences in their predecessors' poems. Su Dongpo and Xin Qiji both have such works. Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow uses sentences from four poems sung by Du Mu in Tang Dynasty. The sentence in Du Muyuan's poem is: "Who knows Zhuxi Road, singing and blowing is Yangzhou" ("On Yangzhou Temple"); "Constant curl for more than thirteen years, cardamom in early February. It is better to roll up the bead curtain when the spring breeze is ten miles along Yangzhou Road. " (farewell); "Dream of Yangzhou for ten years and win the name of a brothel" ("Farewell"); "Twenty-four Bridges on a moonlit night, where do jade people teach Xiao" ("Tell Yangzhou magistrate Han Chuo") and so on. Du Mu once lived in Yangzhou for a long time and hung out with prostitutes in brothels all day long. The above poems are all related to his dissolute life.
The word "Yangzhou Slow" said: I came to Yangzhou, which is known as the capital of the left and the best place for Zhu, and temporarily unloaded my saddle. Walking on Yangzhou road, the spring breeze is ten miles, and the shepherd's purse is green. Since the Golden Cavalry retreated from the Yangtze River, abandoned ponds and trees dare not talk about war. At dusk, the bleak horn blew in the cold wind and echoed in the empty city. Du Mu once praised Yangzhou enthusiastically, and he will be surprised when he comes here again today. No matter how clever his poems are and how nostalgic he is for the dream of "brothel", it is difficult for the broken Yangzhou to express his deep affection. The "Twenty-four Bridges" are intact, but desolate and empty. Only the moon shadow ripples silently in the water waves at night. The ignorant peony flowers by the poor bridge still bloom silently every year, but who will appreciate them? The whole poem shows the ruined and desolate scene of Yangzhou with picturesque pictures, and bitterly accuses the Jin people of destroying the highly developed economy and culture in the south, which is very touching.
Ci in Song Dynasty is an important development stage in the history of China's poetry. It opened up a new field of lyric poetry after Tang poetry, leaving a wealth of excellent works, which are still loved by readers. The essence of Song poetry, like Tang poetry, should be used for reference by today's poetry creation.