Basic information
Name: Yao, Yao
[1] Gender: Male: birthplace of Han nationality: dengzhou city, Henan Province Political outlook: Zhong * * party member Date of birth and death:19101999.4.29 Previous position: Chinese Writers Association. Member of the 6th and 7th CPPCC National Committee.
Modern novelist. Yao Guansan, 19 10 10 was born in a ruined landlord family in dengzhou city. My father went to Kaifeng excellent normal school. Because of his family's predicament, his mother tried to drown the baby when he was born, but fortunately she was saved by her great-grandmother. I loved listening to grandma tell stories since I was a child, which also stimulated my imagination and literary interest. Dengxian County is located in the southwest of Henan Province, with backward environment and frequent floods and droughts. Coupled with the oppression of feudal warlords, farmers have no livelihood, or go out to escape, or take risks, bandits everywhere. When Yao was nine years old, bandits broke into the stockade and burned down the Yao family's house and clothes. Since then, he fled to live in Deng County with his parents. In the county, I studied in a private school for more than a year, and then went to a higher primary school run by the church for three years. I memorized a lot of ancient Chinese and wrote classical Chinese. In my spare time, I like to listen to artists talking about Shi Gong case, Gong Peng case, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and other books. 1924 After graduating from primary school, I went to Xinyang to attend middle school. In the winter of the same year, due to the outbreak of the second direct service war, the school had an early holiday. On the way home, he, his second brother and two other students were taken as "meat tickets" by Li Shuimo's bandit team, and Xuan was taken as his son by a bandit leader. This special experience of living among bandits for about 100 days became the basic material of his later autobiographical novel Long Night. For more than four years, except for a few months of studying in Fancheng Hong Wen Academy, I basically stayed at home. During this period, I read many May 4th new literature works and some novels by Russian writers, which cultivated my interest in new literature and enhanced my dissatisfaction with the reality of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The warmth of family and the darkness of society formed Yao's rebellious character. In order to pursue a new life, I was a soldier in the progressive army twice. Because there is no way out in real life, it breeds depressed and sentimental emotions. Yao
/kloc-in the summer of 0/929, he was admitted to the preparatory course of Henan University Law School. At the same time, he published two lonely graves and other works in the supplement of Henan Daily under the pseudonym of "Snow Trace". These novels wrote tragic stories about the lower-class workers being persecuted to death by feudal forces, showing a clear democratic tendency. Shortly after I entered school, I took part in progressive activities and began to read Marxist works. I also read some representative works of Pu Xue, Gu Shi Bian School, Guo Moruo and other historical materialism schools in Qing Dynasty, and determined to become a Marxist historian or writer. 193 1 In the summer vacation, he was expelled by the school authorities on the charge of "wrong thinking and absurd words and deeds". Since then, I have ended my student life and made a living by contributing, teaching and editing in Peiping and other places. On the eve of the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, more than 10 novels were published in Literary Quarterly, New Novel, Guangming, Beiping Morning Post and Tianjin Ta Kung Pao, which showed the dark and chaotic reality and oppressed side of rural areas in mainland China. In addition, he edited two publications, Mainland Literature and Art and Today, published Miscellaneous Feeling in Mangzhong and Shenbao, and also published many prose poems and literary papers. These articles also reflect the author's concern for reality and have a keen sense of the times. Influenced by the popularity of literature and art and the discussion of popular languages, 1936 collected the spoken language of hometown and compiled Nanyang Vocabulary. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he moved from Beiping to Kaifeng and co-organized Storm Weekly with others as editor-in-chief. Dozens of papers and miscellaneous feelings have also been published before and after. He also went to the front of Xuzhou for an interview, and then wrote a simplified reportage "War Letters". 1in the spring of 938, he went to Wuhan and soon joined the Cultural Work Committee of the Fifth Theater to engage in progressive anti-Japanese cultural activities. He published short stories Bailonggang and Half a Car of Straw in Free China and Literary Standpoint. The following year, the tragic story of The Red Lantern was published in Literary News. The latter two films have great influence in China and have been translated into English and Russian. One of the reasons why Half a Car of Straw and the later novella Cattle and Carrots have attracted the attention of the literary world is that they have successfully written the awakening and changes of farmers during the Anti-Japanese War with lively spoken language. Since 1939, during his travels in Hubei, Anhui, Sichuan and other places, Yao has mainly devoted his energy to writing novellas, such as When bloom is Warm in Spring, Love between Military and Horse, New Seedlings and Reunion. Most of these works are about young intellectuals engaged in anti-Japanese and national salvation activities in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, showing the rising enthusiasm of the younger generation for national salvation, touching on the dark corruption of Kuomintang military and political institutions and the rampant local feudal forces from the side, and revealing the complex struggle within the anti-Japanese war camp. The brushwork turns to euphemistic and delicate, and the language is more lively and diverse. However, some works use too much pen and ink in the love life of young men and women, diluting or even weakening the theme of the performance era. During this period, he also wrote many literary papers, such as On Current Literary Themes, On Popular Literature, Reflections on Literature, and Qu Yuan's Literary Heritage, some of which were published in the form of How Novels were Written. In addition, a collection of short stories, such as Station M, Spring Ahead, and Half-loaded Wheat Straw, was published. Before and after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Yao turned to the theme of hometown and childhood, completed the autobiographical novel Long Night, and wrote a series of essays such as My Old Grandma, My Grandmother's Fate and Sister-in-law. Long Night, with the mountainous countryside in western Henan as the background, describes the legendary life of Li Shuimo, a bandit team, and creates some images of "strongmen" with flesh and blood, which truly and powerfully reveals the social roots of many farmers who have become thieves in the desperate situation of bankruptcy and hunger, and also shows that they have great potential to resist evil forces. A novel like Long Night, which truly describes the character and life of people in the greenwood, is unique in the new literature after the May 4th Movement. After the book was translated into French, Yao was awarded the Marseille Memorial Medal. From his early years, his novels revealed a strong temperament: Qianger, published by 1929, created a strong character image, and several works in the mid-1930s also wrote some bold characters many times. It is Yao's unique contribution to China's modern literature to send a group of "strongmen" images into the figure gallery of new literature and explore and express the beauty of "the strong". Yao
During the War of Liberation, Yao also wrote the biography of patriotic scientist Lu Rongxuan and the short story "The Recovery of Human Nature". After 1948, he taught in Gaohang Agricultural School and private Daxia University. At the same time, he published academic works such as Royal Guards in the Early Ming Dynasty and Biography of Emperor Chongzhen, which prepared the conditions for his later creation of Li Zicheng. 195 1 year, Yao went to eastern Zhejiang to participate in land reform. Because he didn't understand the local language and customs, he had the idea of returning to Henan. This summer, he returned to Zhengzhou to engage in professional creation. From 65438 to 0953, he moved to Wuhan because of the establishment of the Central South Writers Association. Apart from writing several reportages, short stories, essays and miscellaneous feelings, his writing was in a downturn, and he only published papers such as The Scholars and A Question in Realistic Discussions in the mid-1950s. 1957 was wrongly classified as "extreme right" and began to write the long historical novel Li Zicheng in adversity.
Marriage and family
On the issue of marriage, Yao opposed the forced marriage arranged by feudal families and experienced the pain of free love. Finally, he got married and started a family under the condition of semi-arrangement and semi-freedom. Yao's marriage was deeply branded with1China society in the 1920s. As early as Yao 10 was in her teens, her parents arranged for her to have a fiancee she had never met before. The marriage was completely arranged according to Yao's extremely realistic utilitarianism: when the matchmaker proposed to Yao, he said to Yao's father, "Just so-so, my heart is clean. If one day you are poor, who will give us your daughter! " It can be said that she is not looking for a wife for her son's happiness at all, but looking for a slave who serves her and is at his mercy. But Yao has Yao's views and ideas, and he has always denied this marriage. Yao's works
Later, Yao was admitted to the preparatory course of Law School of Henan University in the autumn of 1929. At the age of 19, he became very close to a beautiful female classmate Liang. Yao's articles and novels were well written at that time, and the Chinese of this female classmate who lives in Shangqiu is not worse than him. People always regard them as a natural couple. Students often mischievously write the word "Yao" on the blackboard, deliberately drag the hook on the right for a long time, then write the surname of the female classmate and wrap the word "Liang" in the word "Yao". Yao is very fond of this female classmate and likes her very much. To this end, he also wrote a short story called "Blooming in My Heart", which used the technique of stream of consciousness to write specifically how he viewed this female classmate. After reading his masterpiece, the Chinese teacher sympathized with him very much. Asked if Yao wanted help, Yao saidno. At that time, Yao, who was brilliant and personable, loved that beautiful female classmate very much and wanted to be nice to her, but he was afraid to tell her face to face. When he saw him, he panicked and blushed. He wants to fall in love freely, but he has no courage to express himself and take action. He just confided his feelings in unpublished novels, and finally got a reputation of "unrequited love". He suffered a lot for free love. A few decades later, Yao, who became a great writer, once gave a lecture at Zhengzhou University in Henan Province. An acquaintance joked with him that he had a "secret love" when he was young. This is really a great injustice! Actually, it's not. The truth is: Yao's favorite female classmate liked Yao at that time, but she didn't have the courage to confess to Yao. Later, when the female classmate heard that Yao had married another woman, she was in great pain and regretted it. She burst into tears. This is the tragedy of free love among young people who were poisoned and influenced by feudal ideas in China in the1920s! 1930 In the summer vacation, Yao was released on bail by fellow villager Wang Gengxian and returned to school. The school reception room suddenly informed him that someone was coming. When Yao entered the reception room, he realized that it was Mr. Liu who worked for Wang Gengxian. "hello! Please tell Mr. Wang Lao to thank him for getting me out of prison. " "You're welcome. The family doesn't say two words. " Mr. Liu came straight to the point and said to Yao, "I went to the Sanbao Hall for nothing. Today, I am entrusted by Mr. Wang Lao to see you about something. " "What is it? Please say, as long as I can do it, I will try my best! " Yao said to me. "Mr Wang has a girl. Have you seen her? " Mr. Liu asked Yao. "I haven't seen it. I heard it looks very beautiful." To tell you the truth, Mr. Wang and his wife think you are good-looking, handsome, intelligent, studious and talented. His parents took a fancy to you and are willing to marry their daughter to you and choose you as their son-in-law. Would you like me to ask you face to face? ""I'd love to, but I'm afraid to be the host. I have to ask my parents before I can give a formal answer. Yao thought about it and answered, and asked Mr. Liu, "Can you tell me something about Mr. Wang's daughter?" "yes! Complete works of Yao
Sure! "Liu said," her name is Cai, and she is 17 years old this year. She is now studying in Beijing Yi Jiao Middle School. The beautiful girl is not only healthy, beautiful and gentle; Moreover, he is kind-hearted, knowledgeable and educated. In her body, she has the moving style of scholarly family and aristocratic family. It suits you very well. " Mr. Liu finished in one breath, but he seemed to have forgotten something. He thought about it, took a piece of paper out of his pocket, handed it to Yao, and said, "This is Miss Wang Meicai's address. Mr. Wang said you could write to her. " After seeing Mr. Liu off, Yao went back to the dormitory to meditate. He knows Mr. Wang Gengxian's situation: he studied in Japan in his early years, participated in Dr. Sun Yat-sen's League, and was a participant in the Revolution of 1911. He is not only knowledgeable, but also progressive in thought. At that time, he was a celebrity in Henan and even the whole country. In order to ask Mr. Wang for advice, Yao has been to his home twice before this. Now, he wants to marry his daughter, and Yao He must be very happy! Soon, Yao wrote and sent two letters. One of the letters was addressed to his parents, explaining that he was willing to marry Mr. Wang's daughter and asking his parents to return the marriage they had booked for him. After the parents received the letter, although they were embarrassed, they filed for divorce for Yao. Another letter was addressed to Wang Meicai, and since then, the two of them have written to each other. By this winter vacation, Wang Meicai had returned home from Beijing. Wang Gengxian informed Yao to pick up his daughter at Wang's house. At that time, Yao heard that there were still people who wanted to kill and "attack" Wang Meicai. So when he learned about it, he immediately called a rickshaw to Wang's house, fearing that Wang Meicai would be "robbed" by others. Because of impatience and running too fast, the rickshaw turned over once on the road. After arriving at the Wangs, Yao looked very nervous. As a result, the first time we met, he didn't even dare to look at Wang Meicai. As for beauty, he can't say much. Wang Meicai was generous. After this meeting, she took the initiative to find Yao's preparatory course in Henan University Law School. Snowflakes are falling in the quiet campus of Hoda University. In an instant, the path turned white, the house tree turned white, and the whole school became a silvery white world. Nevertheless, Yao and Wang Meicai walked and chatted, strolling around the campus. Although it is cold outside, their hearts are hot. "Didn't you see it clearly last time? Take a good look now, and I'll show you enough! " At Yao, Wang Meicai showed two deep dimples on her red face and smiled at Yao. Yao stroked Wang Meicai's shoulder with his hand and looked at Wang Meicai carefully from top to bottom. "You have beautiful gentle eyes, an apple-like face, a plump and symmetrical figure, and you are full of youthful vitality! It's really beautiful and touching. I saw it clearly this time. " After carefully watching Wang Meicai, Yao said happily. "Do you like it?" "I like it!" In this way, the young lovers fell in love with each other deeply. By May of 193 1, they got married in Kaifeng through Yuan Jieting's intermediary. At that time, Yao was 2 1 year old and Wang Meicai 18 years old. From then on, Yao and Wang Meicai formed a happy family.
Edit the bibliography of this paragraph.
Red Lantern Story (short stories) 1940, Niu Quande and Carrots (novella) 1942 Mainland Publishing Company, Love (novel) 1943 Chongqing Wen Zuo Publishing House, Reunion (novella) 65443 Chongqing Dadong Bookstore. Also known as "Motherly Love") 1943, Chongqing Modern Publishing House "How to Write a Novel" (on Creation) 1943, Business "When Spring Warms bloom" (L-3 Volume, Novel) 1944, Chongqing Modern Publishing House "Half a Car of Wheat Straw" (short story collection Among them, the second volume won the first Mao Dun Literature Prize) 1963- 198 1, and the works of Mrs. Zhongqing (Prose Collection) 1982, a native of Henan.
Li Zicheng's novel achievements.
This novel has made many achievements. First of all, it successfully depicts a series of characters such as Li Zicheng and Emperor Chongzhen. The change of Li Zicheng's ideological character and the snacks of Emperor Chongzhen in maintaining the crumbling regime are all profound and extensive. Secondly, the novel uses a lot of pen and ink and thoughts on the social life scenes in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, from the court to the battlefield, from the capital to the countryside, with many vivid descriptions; From political competition to battlefield confrontation, from law, etiquette to human customs, the descriptions are mostly accurate and realistic.