If you must learn, please don't think about physics in the process of learning. Accept that everything in the book is right, don't question anything, and don't think about "why"-Confucius said that "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous", which is quite right. "Missed" is just useless to learn, "dangerous" means that it would be terrible to become an idiot.
If you want to learn quantum mechanics well, you can start from understanding the history of physics, but you must never stay at the level of the history of physics.
For some important experimental phenomena, accept the interpretation in the book and never think about some problems that are still in the research stage-because as long as you think about them, they are basically wrong. If you really can't help thinking about them ... please don't talk about your feelings about studying quantum mechanics, especially "philosophical understanding".
If you only want to understand "interesting quantum phenomena", then it is enough to do what I said above, and then it is advanced. The most important mathematical foundation is linear algebra. Although other foundations are also used, compared with linear algebra, they are all clouds. Although differential equations are used, it has nothing to do with really learning quantum mechanics. Don't be influenced by domestic junk elementary textbooks. Understand quantum mechanics as the application of solving differential equations. The most important thing is to really master the operator, and the most useful thing is to memorize all the theorems and proofs of linear algebra so that you can easily understand it by picking up a book on quantum mechanics. Choose good textbooks as much as possible, for example, look at Griffith when you are a beginner and look at Sakurai when you want to improve;
It is best to have professional guidance in the learning process. Of course, it is best to follow the class, but remember to go to the physics department. Remember to do some exercises, and then you can continue to study, but now you can finally think about quantum mechanics. ...