Subject: Food Nutrition and Safety

abstract:

People take food as the sky, and food is based on safety. The nutrition and safety of food is a major event related to the national economy and people's livelihood, national security and social stability. Nutritional and safe food is an important material basis for improving national physical strength and intelligence, preventing diet-related diseases and ensuring people's health. Popularizing food nutrition and safety knowledge is one of the important tasks to improve the scientific and cultural literacy of the whole people.

Keywords: food nutrition, food safety

Text:

With the development of food production and processing industry, the food market is constantly enriched and the products are dazzling. The food consumption of most residents is changing from the traditional food and clothing type to the well-off type. People pay more attention to the nutrition and safety of food while choosing to enjoy all kinds of delicious food to get nutrition from it.

The alarm of food nutrition and safety is constantly ringing. Our "Anhui Fuyang Fake (Poisonous) Milk Powder", "Sudan Red 1", "Malachite Green", "Avian Influenza" and "Mad Cow Disease" and other vicious video security incidents that have ravaged the world have aroused widespread concern in society.

China residents still face the dual challenges of undernutrition and overnutrition. On the one hand, civilized diseases caused by unbalanced diet and overnutrition pose a serious threat to people's health; On the other hand, the lack of nutrition caused by some unreasonable eating habits is also affecting people's health and life safety.

The new connotation of "disease from mouth to mouth" We should fully understand "disease from mouth to mouth" from two aspects: food safety and reasonable nutrition. On the one hand, "disease from mouth to mouth" not only means that insecurity is an important intermediary between infectious diseases and food poisoning; On the other hand, it also contains the harm caused by improper normal food intake. The former is mostly an acute reaction, which is easy to attract people's attention, and it is also the main reason why most people have doubts or even panic about food safety because they don't know the truth. In the latter case, although food is non-toxic and harmless, unreasonable diet and nutrition will often lead to many chronic diseases, especially the main causes of many modern civilized diseases, because chronic diseases will not have obvious symptoms in a short time and are often ignored by people.

The survey shows that a considerable number of food consumers in China know little about food nutrition and safety, and most of them choose sensory indicators, prices and brands as the basis. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the basic and applied research of food nutrition and safety, establish and improve corresponding laws and standards, strengthen the management of food business and production sites, especially popularize food nutrition and safety knowledge.

However, among the various quality indicators of food, the nutrition and safety of food are the most important.

The nutrition of food is the main purpose and starting point for people to choose consumer goods, and the safety of food is the basis and guarantee for realizing food nutrition. Nutrition and safety of food are closely related and inseparable. In the long-term competition for survival, human beings constantly choose nutritious and safe food from the environment. The specialization of modern society has brought new challenges to video security. At the same time, with

With the development of social economy, people's lifestyle is changing, and the problem of unbalanced nutrition is more prominent. Food nutrition and safety should be considered from the aspects of nutrition, safety and physical and mental health.

Food nutrition

Food nutrition refers to the total process that the human body ingests, digests, absorbs and utilizes nutrition in order to maintain normal physiological processes such as growth, tissue renewal and health, that is, the process that the human body ingests and realizes nutrition.

The normal physiological process of human body needs certain nutrients, and each nutrient should meet certain intake requirements and be reasonably matched to meet the needs of human energy supply, tissue construction and renewal and physiological adjustment. So far, there are more than 40 kinds of nutrients known to human beings. Generally, it can be divided into six categories: protein, sugar, lipid, moisture, minerals and vitamins. In addition to the above six recognized nutrients, dietary fiber is now considered as the seventh largest nutrient for human beings.

protein

Protein is the foundation of all life activities, and it is a nitrogen-containing macromolecule with amino acid as the basic unit. Protein in food is mainly absorbed and utilized in the form of amino acids after being decomposed in the intestine, and is used by the body to synthesize various protein. Protein is closely related to human growth, development and health. The incident of inferior milk powder in Fuyang, Anhui Province in 2004 sounded the alarm for the nutritional safety of protein.

Protein is an important part of human tissues and organs, and plays an important role in maintaining structure and performing functions. He is an important physiologically active substance in the body, such as protein-enzyme, which has catalytic effect and is an important catalyst for the decomposition and synthesis of all substances in the body. Hemoglobin has the function of transportation and exercise, and inputs and outputs oxygen and carbon dioxide needed by human cell metabolism. In addition, protein has the functions of maintaining biofilm, immune protection, supplying energy and converting it into other substances in the body.

Therefore, we should take a proper amount of protein to keep healthy.

lipin

When it comes to lipids, many people will "talk about lipid discoloration" and associate it with obesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and other fat-related diseases. In fact, lipids are indispensable nutrients for human body and important raw materials for food processing. If allowed, long-term excessive intake of fat will also lead to a variety of chronic diseases, which should arouse people's attention to foot bones.

Lipids can store and supply energy for the body, which is an important part of biofilm and organism. They can supply essential fatty acids, synthesize hormones and endocrine functions, have heat preservation and protection functions, dissolve and soften fats, and promote digestion and absorption.

Lipids play an important role in human nutrition and are an indispensable part of human dietary structure. Therefore, it is necessary to take a reasonable amount of fat.

Sugar and dietary fiber

Sugar, also known as carbohydrate, is the most widely distributed and abundant organic matter in nature, and it is also one of the most important and economical nutrients for human beings.

The relationship between dietary fiber and human health has been widely concerned by nutritionists, who regard dietary fiber as the seventh largest nutrient for human beings.

And the role of dietary fiber can not be underestimated: dietary fiber can enhance intestinal function.

Can relieve constipation and prevent cancer; Can reduce blood sugar and blood cholesterol, and is helpful for preventing and treating diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Can reduce material energy density, control weight and lose weight; As a "beneficial source", it can promote the growth and reproduction of probiotics in digestive tract; Of course, dietary fiber also has certain effects and side effects on the absorption of nutrients. For example, excessive intake of dietary fiber will reduce the absorption rate of nutrients.

Therefore, from the point of view of nutrition, grains should not be over-processed to prevent the loss of dietary fiber and multivitamins.

For diabetics, in addition to controlling the total amount of sugar, it is particularly important to control the types of sugar in diabetes. In principle, we should choose more carbohydrates with low glycemic index, such as foods rich in polysaccharides and dietary fiber.

Water and minerals

They are all important parts of the human body. Water is an important substance for human survival and an important basic component of human diet. As an important part of the human body and a regulator of various metabolism, minerals cannot be synthesized in the body and can only come from food. Although the content is not high, there are many kinds of nutrients, which are indispensable in the life process.

Water can promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, has the functions of regulation, lubrication and protection, and is necessary for maintaining life, maintaining the shape of somatic cells and forming various body fluids.

With the improvement of people's living standards, bottled drinking water is becoming more and more common in China. It should be noted that the reference time of family members should not be too long, otherwise some air may enter the container, leading to the growth of microorganisms and the deterioration of water quality. Moreover, water containers should be cleaned regularly, and always pay attention to drinking water safety.

Minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and other important components of human tissues; Can form hormones, vitamins, protein and various enzymes; Maintain normal infiltration of tissues between body fluids and acid-base balance; Can maintain the excitability of nerves and muscles.

vitamin

Vitamins are not only essential nutrients for the treatment of vitamin deficiency, but also have the health care function of preventing and treating many chronic and degenerative diseases.

Vitamins play a role in maintaining normal physiological functions by maintaining or participating in the regulation of metabolism, so the daily physiological demand of the human body is small, but it is essential. Long-term lack or deficiency of vitamins in human body may lead to vitamin deficiency or vitamin deficiency. Because the physiological optimum amount of vitamins is low, and the optimum amount in vivo is close to the measurement advantage, excessive intake of vitamins may lead to poisoning, such as: vitamin D deficiency leads to decreased absorption of calcium and phosphorus in intestinal tract, decreased absorption of calcium and phosphorus in renal tubules, which affects bone calcification and causes abnormal mineralization of bones and teeth. Rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis, hand-foot spasm.

Pay attention to the proper intake of minerals and maintain a healthy body.

food safety

The research on food safety is an important basis for taking relevant safety prevention and control measures in food production, processing, storage, transportation, circulation, purchase and consumption.

There are many kinds and colors of human food. With the new

With the continuous development of video resources, there are more and more kinds of food, the scale of production is expanding, there are more and more processes such as processing, storage and transportation, and the consumption patterns are becoming more and more diversified, so the food safety factors of chancre are becoming more and more complicated. Different kinds of food face different safety problems, which can be manifested in various forms, mainly in the following aspects:

(1) Natural pollution such as microorganisms, parasites and biotoxins.

(2) Harmful chemical pollution from the environment

(3) pesticide and veterinary drug residues

(4) Food additives

(5) Natural toxic and harmful substances in food.

(6) Food processing, storage and transportation process

(7) nutritional imbalance and nutritional deficiency

(8) Food allergy

(9) New food and others

In this regard, we should attach great importance to improving the food safety legal system as a strategic task and basic work. At the same time, ensure China's food safety and establish and improve China's food safety guarantee mechanism as soon as possible. It is particularly important to strengthen the basic and applied research of food nutrition and safety, establish and improve corresponding laws and standards, strengthen the management of food business and production sites, especially popularize food nutrition and safety knowledge.