Herbart's Theoretical System → Supplement and Revision of Qi Le (T. Ziller, 18 17- 1882) and his disciple Rein (W.Rein, 1847- 1929) (four).

→ Herbart school teaching theory → philosophy-based teaching theory: German, Soviet Union, Japanese, China; "five-stage teaching method"

→ Psychology-oriented teaching theory: The works of C. Degarmo1849-1934 in Leipzig and Jena University (1889) and C.F.Mcmurry, which were inherited, criticized and reformed by Dewey's pragmatic philosophy and behavioral psychology, led to teaching.