Narrative is a style with narration as its main form and description of characters experience and the development and changes of things as its main content.
Explanatory writing is an article genre that takes explanation as the main expression and gives people knowledge by explaining things and clarifying things. It explains the characteristics, essence and regularity of things by revealing concepts.
The characteristic of expository writing is "saying", which has certain knowledge. This kind of knowledge, whether it comes from relevant scientific research materials or from personal practice, investigation and investigation, is strictly scientific. If we want to make things clear, we must grasp the characteristics of things and then reveal the essential attributes of things, that is, we must explain not only "what" but also "why". Generally speaking, the application of explanatory text only needs to explain the characteristics of things, and explanatory text must reveal the origin and essence of the problem.
Explanatory writing is a style that objectively explains things, with the purpose of giving people knowledge: or explaining the state, nature and function of things, or clarifying things. Chinese stone arch bridge belongs to the former. Taking Zhao Zhouqiao and Lugou Bridge as examples, the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges are illustrated, which are not only beautiful in shape, but also firm in structure. Language of Nature belongs to the latter, and the article scientifically explains the knowledge of phenology. Explaining the characteristics of things and clarifying things are two types of expository writing.
In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, or to explain things clearly, there must be appropriate interpretation methods. Common explanation methods include giving examples, classifying, enumerating data, comparing, drawing charts, defining, explaining, making metaphors, imitating appearances and so on. The best method should be chosen according to the object of explanation and the purpose of writing. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom of choice. Whether to adopt a certain interpretation method or a variety of interpretation methods, whether to adopt this interpretation method or that interpretation method, can be flexible, not fixed.
The instructions should be in order, which is a necessary condition to make the contents of the instructions orderly. The common order of interpretation is: chronological order, spatial order, logical order. The chronological order of description is similar to that of narration. Spatial order, we should pay special attention to the location of space, pay attention to the location and direction of things, such as inside and outside, size, up and down, front and back, left and right, southeast and northwest. Logical order, usually expressed by reasoning process. What order is adopted mainly depends on the characteristics of the objects expounded by the author. Explain the development and changes of things, and the time sequence is easy to express clearly. It is difficult for readers to understand the structure of buildings without spatial order. Explain things in logical order, so as to reflect the internal relations of things.
The accuracy and scientificity of explanatory language is the premise of explanatory language. Time, space, quantity, scope, degree, characteristics, nature, procedures, etc. All require accuracy. The explanation is practical. A slight mistake is a drop in the bucket. On the premise of accuracy, the explanation language is famous for its simplicity and vividness. Because of the different language styles of the object and the author, the language of explanation is also varied: either general or specific; Or concise, or plump; Or concise, or detailed; Or plain and simple, or humorous, in short, eclectic. Reading discourse and writing discourse can be linked. The four points mentioned above should be grasped, and attention should be paid to reading and writing, but the requirements should be in line with the students' reality.
Argumentative writing
Argumentative writing is a style that analyzes and comments on a certain issue or thing and shows one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions. Argumentative writing has three elements, namely argument, argument and argument. The basic requirements of an argumentative essay are: correct viewpoints, serious generalization, practical significance, and proper comprehensive use of various expressions; The basic requirements of argumentation are: true and reliable, fully typical; The basic requirement of argument is that reasoning must be logical.
When writing an argumentative essay, you should consider the argument, what to use as an argument to prove it, how to demonstrate it, and then draw a conclusion. You can put forward a general argument first, then discuss it separately, analyze each sub-argument, and finally draw a conclusion; You can also quote a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene first, and then analyze the facts layer by layer and draw new conclusions. This way of writing is called total score, which is commonly used by middle school students. You can also ask a question that everyone cares about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, step by step, which is a difficult way to write. Still have to do ... >>
Question 2: What kind of writing style refers to the genre style of composition? Common styles can be divided into narrative, expository and argumentative. These are the three styles that people often say.
Literary genre refers to the category of literary works, which is divided into poetry, novel, prose and drama.
Question 3: What genres are there in the article and what are the characteristics of each genre? Article type
I. Argumentative essay
Second, narrative.
Third, novels.
Fourth, the explanatory text
Verb (abbreviation of verb) prose
Part I: Argumentative essay.
Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argument (clear argument, conclusive argument and rigorous argument)
First, the characteristics of the argument: ① correct ② distinct.
Methods of inductive argumentation:
1, title
2. At the beginning of the article
Step 3: the ending
4. In the middle:
(1) Infer arguments by summarizing their similarities.
(2) Summative words reflect the central argument of the sentence (for example, you can see that I think; Anyway ...)
(3) First find out the theme of the article, then find out the repeated similar judgment words in the article according to the theme, merge similar items, and finally make a summary.
Note: The sentence of inductive argument must be a complete and clear sentence of affirmative judgment.
Second, argument
Factual arguments (such as real events, historical facts, statistics, specific figures, etc.). )
Theoretical arguments: (including recognized principles, formulas, definitions, rules, laws, famous sayings and aphorisms, etc.). ).)
Summarize the main points of the argument: ×× people+how to do it (closely related to the argument)+results.
Note: Some quotations may not be famous sayings, but concrete facts and factual arguments.
III. Model Law and Its Role
Examples argument (case argument), quotation argument (truth argument), metaphor argument, contrast argument (positive and negative contrast argument).
1, example method (putting facts): a specific and typical argument that has been fully proved.
2. Quote (reasoning): What is quoted to demonstrate an argument and make it convincing.
3. Metaphor (reasoning): Illustrate an argument in an image to make reasoning easier to understand.
4. Contrast method (reasoning): through comparison, highlight an argument and make reasoning more vivid.
Fourth, analyze the expression of argumentative essays.
1. The narrative in an argumentative paper is often very general, and its function is to prove a viewpoint or proposition with facts.
2. There are sometimes vivid descriptions in argumentative essays. Function: Prove a point more vividly.
3. Lyricism in the discussion will make the discussion more infectious and deeply rooted in people's hearts.
5. Linguistic features of argumentative writing: preciseness and accuracy.
Sixth, the way of argumentation: argumentation and refutation.
Seven. Argumentation structure: raising questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (papers)-solving problems (conclusions).
The second part of the narrative
First, common narrative clues
1. Character clue: information, feelings or deeds of a character.
2. Item clues: items with special significance.
3. Emotional clues: the ideological and emotional changes of the author or the main characters in the works.
4. Event clue: Central Event 5. Time clue 6. Position change clue
Looking for clues: ① article title; (2) things that appear repeatedly in each paragraph; ③ Lyric sentences in the article.
(4) the author's thoughts and feelings (changes) (5) the experience and feelings of a certain character.
Function: the orderly combination of the content of the article, the ideological character of the characters, and the ins and outs of the matter. It is the main thread running through the whole paper.
Second, the narrative order.
1. Time sequence: it is written in the order of occurrence, development and end (time sequence).
Function: Make the article clear, with a beginning and an end, and give people a vivid impression.
2. Flashback: Write what happened later in front, and then describe it in order.
Function: avoid straightforward narration, enhance the vividness and fascination of the article.
3. Interpolation: In the narrative process, due to the need of content, interrupt the narrative of the original plot, insert relevant plots or events, and then continue the original narrative. (such as recalling the past)
Function: to supplement and set off the central content (characters or events) of the article, enrich the plot and deepen the theme.
Third, the description method of characters
1. Portrait (appearance) description [including expression description] (description of appearance, clothes, expression, posture, etc. ): explain the identity, status, situation, experience, psychological state and ideological character of the character.
2. Language (dialogue) description 3. Action (action) description: the image vividly shows the xx psychology (emotion) of the character, and embodies the xx personality characteristics or xx spiritual quality of the character. Sometimes it also promotes the development of the plot.
4. Psychological description: The image vividly reflects the xx thoughts of the characters and reveals the xx character or quality of the characters ... >>
Question 4: What is the difference between applied writing and other styles? 1. Different types of applied writing, including press releases, broadcast drafts, work reports, plans, letters, newsletters, papers, product descriptions, etc. , not one by one. Literary writing: prose, novels, poems and other literary works. 2. Different literary genres: diverse genres, attention to color, imagination and other factors. Applied writing: the genre is single, but it can be combined with the expression in literary works. Pay more attention to practicality, have certain norms and have economic benefits. 3. Literature with different values: aesthetic value, artistic value: practical value, as the name implies, refers to written works that can be used in life. The official language is usually used, emphasizing its authenticity and accuracy. Have an objective view of things and don't get too involved in personal feelings. Although practical writing is also a style, I don't think it can be called literature. There are not too many restrictions on literary creation. Contrary to practical writing, it emphasizes the expression of one's feelings in the works, which is more arbitrary to the language and has no requirement for its authenticity. Literary creation is a way for some people to vent their emotions.
Question 5: What are the main styles of official document writing? Official documents can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a narrow sense, official documents refer to the language and characters formally stipulated by the party and the state administrative organs respectively. At present, 14 official documents used by leading organs at all levels of the party include: resolutions, decisions, instructions, opinions, notices, circulars, bulletins, reports, requests for instructions, replies, regulations, provisions, letters and meeting minutes. Official documents of state administrative organs 13: orders (orders), decisions, announcements, notices, motions, reports, requests for instructions, replies, opinions, letters and minutes of meetings. The total number of the above languages clearly stipulated by the party and government organs is 27. Nine of them are the same, namely, decisions, opinions, notices, circulars, instructions, reports, replies, letters and minutes of meetings; There are nine kinds of differences, five of which belong to party organs, that is, bulletins, instructions, resolutions, laws and regulations, and four belong to state administrative organs, that is, orders (orders), bills, notices and announcements. These 65,438+08 languages are called legal languages by document scholars. Broadly speaking, in addition to the above-mentioned legal language, official documents also include practical articles commonly used by the party and state organs, ranging from summaries and plans to articles and memos, with various types and no clear purpose. Generally speaking, it mainly includes comprehensive work summary and plan (including planning, work points, arrangements, schemes, ideas, etc.). ), investigation reports, briefings, special letters, speeches and letters.
Question 6: What are narrative, expository, argumentative, prose, novel, essay and poem in writing style?