1, comparison of standard methods:

Standard method control is a commonly used control method in experimental epidemiological research, which is based on conventional or existing best methods to prevent and treat diseases. It is suitable for diseases known to have positive preventive and therapeutic effects.

2, placebo control:

Placebo is usually made of lactose, starch, physiological saline and other ingredients, without any effective ingredients, but its appearance, color, size and taste are very similar to experimental drugs or preparations. However, the general research project does not add a group that does not receive any treatment as a control, so it is difficult to calculate the actual impact of the placebo effect.

3. Self-control:

Self-control is to compare the same kind of people before and after the experiment. For example, to evaluate the implementation effect of a prevention program, it is necessary to stipulate a sufficient observation period before the experiment, and then compare the disease and health status of the population before and after the implementation of the prevention program.

4. Cross-reference:

Cross-control test is suitable for the following situations:

(1) The efficacy of each drug is short-lived;

(2) Prolonging the total treatment cycle can't narrow the difference of therapeutic effects of various drugs;

(3) The designed cross-controlled trial will not be overdone because of two or more courses of treatment;

(4) The crossover design used has no sequence effect or sequence effect, but the sequence effect can be balanced by crossover experiment.

Extended data:

The purpose of using placebo is to deduct the placebo effect of drugs. Therefore, the use of placebos has certain applicability, such as the following categories:

1, a non-life-threatening disease, requires patients to be in good consciousness and physical condition;

2. Diseases that are greatly influenced by mental factors, such as gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and hypertension;

3. Diseases with pain as the main symptom, such as migraine, osteoarthritis and angina pectoris;

4. Injuries with obvious self-healing tendency, such as colds, various wounds, surgical incisions, etc.

5, the condition is relatively stable, short-term treatment will not significantly change the condition, such as cough, chronic bronchitis and so on.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Researcher of Control Laboratory

References:

People's Daily Online-The "psychological effect" of placebo is comparable to the drug effect.