Shao Xianghua (1965438+February 22, 2003-2065438+March 2, 20021), born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, is a steel metallurgist, an expert in steel engineering technology, one of the founders and pioneers of China steel metallurgical engineering, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, and a doctoral supervisor of Iron and Steel Research Institute.
2 1 year (1932), Shao Xianghua graduated from Zhejiang University. In 26 years (1937), he obtained a master's degree in metallurgy from University of London, England; 1955 was selected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences; From 65438 to 0958, he was transferred to the Iron and Steel Research Institute of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, and served as director of the physical chemistry research room of steelmaking metallurgy, deputy chief engineer of the research institute, deputy director of academic committee, chairman academic degree evaluation committee, technical consultant and doctoral supervisor. 198 1, join the China * * * production party; 1992 Shao Xianghua was elected as an honorary member of Japan Iron and Steel Association; 1995 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering; 20 12 March 2 1 died in Beijing at the age of 100.
Shao Xianghua designed and presided over the construction of the first new open hearth furnace in China, successively developed the production processes of ultra-low carbon stainless steel, steel grades containing rare earth and niobium and new alloys, created a unique process for extracting niobium from waste residue and molten iron, developed major processes such as smelting ferrocarbon with oxygen converter and blowing coal oxygen at the bottom of converter steelmaking, and carried out relevant basic research.
Chinese name: Shao Xianghua
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Date of birth:1965438+February 22, 2003.
Date of death: 2065438+March 2002, 2 1.
Occupation: educational and scientific research worker
Graduate school: University of London
Main achievements: Designed and presided over the construction of the first new open hearth furnace in China.
1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
1995 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering.
Masterpiece: iron and steel metallurgy
The life of the character
1965438+On February 22nd, 2003, Shao Xianghua was born in a middle school teacher's family in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He has been diligent and studious since he was a child, with excellent grades and repeated advanced placement.
1932, he was only 19 when he graduated from the Chemical Engineering Department of Zhejiang University, and then worked as a teaching assistant in Shanghai Jiaotong University.
1934 was admitted as the second Sino-British boxer indemnity student, and went to study in Britain at public expense, majoring in metallurgy at Imperial College London, University of London.
1936 obtained a first-class honorary bachelor's degree in metallurgy from University of London, and then studied for a master's degree. Under the guidance of his tutor, Sir H. c. H. corp center, he studied the nitriding hardening mechanism of steel surface.
1937, obtained a master's degree in metallurgy from London University.
1938, the Resources Committee announced the extension of the Central Iron and Steel Plant, and he was temporarily assigned to the Central Machinery Plant of the Association to be responsible for establishing the physical and chemical laboratory and the refractory workshop.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/939, he was recruited to Wuhan University (located in Leshan, Sichuan), where the Department of Mining and Metallurgy was being established, and served as the first metallurgical professor of the Engineering College.
194 1 year, the resources Committee transferred Shao Xianghua back and sent him to the fourth electrochemical smelter (steel plant) as the director.
From 65438 to 0945, Shao Xianghua and others were sent to the Northeast by the Resources Committee to receive iron and steel enterprises.
1947 as assistant director of Anshan iron and steel co., ltd.
1February, 948, Anshan was liberated, and six former assistants, including Shao Xianghua, and more than 30 technicians stayed in Anshan. They were safely transferred to Dandong by the People's Liberation Army to participate in political studies. In June+10 of the same year, Shao Xianghua was ordered to go to Beiman to assist a small ironmaking plant in Jixi, and reported to Harbin Northeast Heavy Industry Department a few days later. 165438+1On October 2nd, when Shenyang was liberated, Shao Xianghua entered Shenyang with the People's Liberation Army. In the same year, he took part in the takeover of Angang, served as the chief engineer in the newly born Angang, and served as the deputy director of production technology and director of the company's technical department in the steelmaking plant.
1May, 950, after the comprehensive recovery of the steel plant, as the technical director of the company, he presided over the formulation of technical operation procedures and inspection standards for various products of the company.
1955, Shao Xianghua was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences (1993 was renamed as an academician).
From 65438 to 0956, Shao Xianghua went to the Soviet Union, the Democratic Republic of Germany and Czechoslovakia with the metallurgical industry investigation group, and made an investigation and study on the steel enterprises in these countries. After returning home, he made an investigation report at the national steelmaking conference and other occasions, and put forward many suggestions for improving open hearth steelmaking in China.
1957, he put forward the idea of developing China's iron and steel industry considering scale economy at the National People's Congress.
During the period of 1958, Shao Xianghua accompanied the leaders of the Ministry of Metallurgy to inspect many local small steel mills and actively helped them solve the problems in production and construction. In the autumn of the same year, he was transferred to the Iron and Steel Research Institute of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry (renamed the Iron and Steel Research Institute in 2000), and served as the director of the physical and chemical research office of steelmaking metallurgy, the deputy chief engineer of the research institute, the deputy director of the academic Committee, Chairman academic degree evaluation committee, technical consultant and doctoral supervisor.
196 1 year, he led a working group to Shanghai No.1 Steelmaking Plant to help its newly-built converter workshop pass the technical barrier, and then the Ministry of Metallurgy held a national on-site meeting in No.1 Steelmaking Plant to promote the experience created by Shao Xianghua and others together with No.1 Steelmaking Plant.
1978165438+10, attended the 7th International Conference on Physical Chemistry of Steelmaking in Versailles, France.
198 1 year, joined the China * * * production party at the age of 68.
1In April 1992, Shao Xianghua was elected as an honorary member of Japan Iron and Steel Association and was invited to give an academic report entitled "Yukawa Memorial Speech" at the conference.
2012032118: 30, Shao Xianghua died in Beijing at the age of 100.
Major achievements
achievements in scientific research
During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he was responsible for the design, construction and production of the new open hearth steelmaking plant. Since 1948, he has participated in the resumption of production, established the production technology and R&D system of the first generation of large steel mills in China, and participated in the basic work of technical management of large steel joint ventures. Since 1959, he has presided over a series of scientific research projects such as metallurgical reaction, new metallurgical technology, vacuum smelting and comprehensive utilization of iron ore resources, which have been applied in production.
From 65438 to 0948, Shao Xianghua participated in the resumption of production of Angang, the establishment of production technology and R&D system of the first generation of large domestic steel mills, and the basic work of technical management of large iron and steel joint ventures. Since 1959, he has presided over a series of scientific research projects such as metallurgical reaction, new metallurgical technology, vacuum smelting and comprehensive utilization of iron ore resources, which have been applied in production. When Shao Xianghua designed the open hearth furnace of electrochemical smelter, he abandoned the practice of relying on experience, applied the thermal and aerodynamic principles of metallurgical furnace developed abroad at that time, calculated the whole system including gas producer, furnace body parts, flue and chimney in detail, and made a design with scientific basis. Shao Xianghua deeply studied the solidification process, ingot structure, product quality and operation technology of boiling steel. In the mid-1950s, he completed the development of a new process of injecting a small amount of compressed air (or oxygen) during the solidification of steel ingots to fundamentally reduce the segregation of boiling steel, and achieved remarkable results in reducing segregation and the defects caused by it, and determined the best operation method under the field production conditions. The designed process mechanical device has the characteristics of simple operation. After this innovation was published, British State-owned Steel Company (BritishSteel Corporation 0N0n) was very interested at that time and immediately wrote to ask for detailed information.
1958 In the autumn, Shao Xianghua presided over a series of research topics such as metallurgical reaction, new smelting technology, vacuum smelting, and iron ore recovery, two of which won national patents.
In the early 1960 s, he was engaged in basic research and technical development of smelting steel and new alloys. Combined with the military task at that time, he led young researchers to study the metallurgical reaction process under vacuum conditions, especially the application, improvement and development of vacuum melting and electroslag remelting technology. The main research contents involve carbon deoxidation and oxygen decarbonization of iron-based and nickel-based molten pools in vacuum melting furnace, volatilization of alloying elements and trace impurity elements, oxygen supply of crucible refractories to molten pools, etc.
In 1960s, the country urgently needed ultra-low carbon stainless steel to develop nuclear energy. At that time, argon-oxygen furnace had not been invented, and China and other countries used special equipment and complicated technology to produce this kind of steel. Shao Xianghua investigated and studied the conditions and experience of smelting ordinary stainless steel in special steel mills in China, and analyzed the characteristics of this steel. He believes that ordinary EAF can also produce the required ultra-low carbon stainless steel by taking special operation measures such as strengthening oxygen blowing and high temperature decarbonization in the molten pool, adding chromium in time to cool the molten pool and preventing the furnace body from being damaged. He led the working group to Fushun Steel Plant and Chongqing Special Steel Plant to test the above-mentioned steel grades, and both achieved successful trial production. Later, these two factories provided a batch of ultra-low carbon stainless steel products for the country. The Ministry of Metallurgy reported and commended the deeds of Shao Xianghua and others. Shao Xianghua presided over the development of gun barrel steel containing rare earth elements in Daye Iron and Steel Plant to save nickel and chromium. The technical difficulty is to control the purity of molten steel and the method of adding rare earth to make the components evenly distributed. This steel grade has passed all the acceptance standards of the military industry, including live ammunition shooting, and has been included in the national wartime reserve steel grade.
In the early 1970s, Shao Xianghua advocated the enhanced operation of blowing oxygen at the top of molten pool in open hearth furnace, and was entrusted by the Ministry of Metallurgy to conduct experiments at selected locations. He organized personnel to assist the small open hearth furnace in Shanghai No.3 Iron and Steel Plant and the large open hearth furnace in Angang No.2 Steelmaking Plant to develop this technology, and then it was widely popularized in many open hearth furnaces in China. In China, low-carbon ferromanganese has been produced by double electric furnaces, and silicon-manganese alloy is smelted again. This process consumes a lot of electricity and has a high production cost. According to the principle of thermodynamics, Shao Xianghua pointed out the approximate temperature range of carbon being oxidized by oxygen before manganese and the possible loss of manganese during blowing. 1957, he put forward the process principle of decarbonizing carbon, manganese and iron by blowing oxygen. And went to Shanghai and Zunyi Ferroalloy Factory to guide the industrial test of smelting ferrocarbon with oxygen converter (which can be produced by blast furnace), and achieved the expected results.
At the end of 1970s, Shao Xianghua put forward the research of bottom blowing coal and oxygen in oxygen converter in order to greatly increase the heat source in converter, so as to make steel by using scrap steel or cold pig iron and adapt to the heat shortage after pretreatment of molten iron (especially after pretreatment for extracting useful raw materials). He guided graduate students and field technicians from laboratory exploration to industrial test in Xinfu Steel Plant 10 ton converter, and achieved good results. Through the periodic appraisal by the Ministry of Metallurgy, it won the national patent.
In the 1980s, he instructed graduate students to study the new technology of increasing external heat source by blowing coal and oxygen at the bottom of converter, and conducted industrial tests in Xinfu Steel Plant, which achieved remarkable results and obtained national patents.
1950, Shao Xianghua wrote and published the first monograph on iron and steel metallurgy in China. At the same time, he presided over the translation of important international steelmaking monographs, including iron and steel metallurgy in the Soviet Union and alkaline open hearth steelmaking in the United States. In the early 1980s, he instructed his colleagues to translate Steelmaking with Oxygen Top Blowing Converter published by AIME in the United States.
Shao Xianghua, 1. Study on nitriding hardening mechanism of steel. Journal of the British Institute of Iron and Steel, London: 1938.
2 Shao Xianghua. Physical methods of metal research. Commemorative Papers of Chinese and British Boards of Directors, Chongqing: Published by Chinese and British Boards of Directors, 1940.
3 Shao Xianghua. Design of open hearth steelmaking. Quarterly of the Committee on Resources,19444 (4): 31~ 51.
4 Shao Xianghua. Open hearth furnace top. Angang, 1950, Phase I: 4 ~12; (2):6~ 10; (4):5~ 13.
Shao Xianghua. Iron and steel metallurgy. Shenyang: Northeast Industry Press, 1950.
6 Shao Xianghua. New technology in Angang production. Heavy Industry News, 1954 (13): 33 ~ 35.
7 Shao Xianghua and Pan. Study on reducing segregation of boiling steel ⅰ. Oxygen (air) treatment of ingot mould. Journal of Metallurgy,1958,3 (2): 85 ~ 97.
8 Shao Xianghua, Hu Wengan, Pan. Study on reducing segregation of boiling steel ——Ⅱ. Oxygen blowing, gas blowing and cooling treatment of steel 3 giant ingot. Journal of Metallurgy,1958,3 (4): 276 ~ 285.
9 Shao Xianghua. Delamination of plate 3 in boiling steel. Acta metallurgy,1959 (1)16 ~ 20.
10 Shao Xianghua. Direct reduction of iron ore. Iron and steel, 1959(22, 23)
Shao Xianghua, 1 1. Open hearth steelmaking, China Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. in recent ten years, 1959 (18).
Shao Xianghua. Physical chemistry of vacuum melting. Acta Metallurgy,1964,7 (1): 85 ~103.
Wu, Li Weili, Shao Xianghua. Study on smelting pure iron with magnesium oxide crucible in vacuum induction furnace. Journal of Metallurgy, 1964 (2): 22 ~ 24.
Shao Xianghua and others. Oxygen supply of magnesia crucible in smelting pure nickel in vacuum induction furnace. Iron and steel, 1964 (9): 22 ~ 24.
Shao Xianghua. Electric furnace smelting of ultra-low carbon stainless steel. Academic report of iron and steel research institute, 1965.
Vacuum melting of steel for precision bearings. Journal of the Second Institute of Iron and Steel Research, 1965.
17 Tang Zhonghe, Shao Xianghua, etc. Carbon-oxygen reaction of liquid nickel and nickel-chromium alloy in vacuum induction furnace. Acta Metallurgy,1966 (2):117 ~125.
Fushun steel works and iron and steel research institute. Smelting process of ultra-low carbon stainless steel. Iron and steel,1966 (12): 9 ~14.
19 Bi Ming (Shao Xianghua). Equilibrium relationship of oxygen blowing decarbonization for ferrochromium. Iron and steel, 1975 (2): 86 ~ 88.
20 Bi Ming (Shao Xianghua). Theory and practice of dephosphorization in steelmaking. Iron and steel,1976 (2): 31~ 41.
Shao Xianghua, 2 1. Thermodynamic discussion on decarbonization of ferromanganese by blowing oxygen. Acta Metallurgy, 1977,13 (3):182 ~186.
22 Shao Xianghua. Theory and experiment of continuous steelmaking. Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of China Metallurgical Society, 1978.
23 Shao Xianghua, Yao Xiren. Method of measuring melting point by hot wire microscope and its improvement. Journal of Steelmaking of China Metal Society, 1980.
24 Shao Xianghua. Study on the technology of extracting niobium from molten iron in Baotou Steel. Proceedings of the first Sino-Japanese steelmaking seminar (in English),1981:183 ~ 202.
Shao Xianghua. Development of iron and steel smelting Process in China (Special Report of the First Sino-American Metallurgical Academic Conference). Proceedings of the conference1981:1~15.
26 Wang Dazhou and Shao Xianghua. Experimental study on dephosphorization of ferromanganese. Iron and steel, 1983,18 (4):14 ~ 21.
Shao Xianghua. Iron and steel industry-sunset industry or sunrise industry. Metallurgical news,1984165438+1October 27th.
28 Shao Xianghua. The iron and steel industry is developing rapidly in technological progress. Engineer Forum, Phase I, 1985.
Shao Xianghua. Development of iron and steel technology. The Second International Conference on Iron and Steel Technology and New Materials (in English). 1986 10 Pohang, Korea; Pool. J.Met.Sci.Technol？ , 1987,3: 1~8.
Development of oxygen steelmaking in China. Proceedings of the International Oxygen Converter Steelmaking Conference, Linz, Austria: 1987, 5: 94 ~ 1 14.
3 1 Liu Liu, Shao Xianghua, Bu Mingzhe, et al. Experimental development of coal-oxygen combined blowing process. Iron and steel, 1989 (3): 14 ~ 20.
Shao Xianghua. Commemorative lecture of Japan Iron and Steel Association "Strive for the Upper Reaches, Better Steel-Behind Closed Doors" (English) isijinternatinal 32 (1992+0992),12:1368 ~1380.
1979 and 1986, Shao Xianghua, as a member of the delegation of China Metallurgical Society, visited the United States and Japan for the first time, and was invited by some metallurgical enterprises and scientific research units of the two countries to give academic lectures and hold seminars, which enhanced the understanding and friendship among international colleagues and promoted many bilateral and multilateral scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation activities.
1986 10 Shao Xianghua and two other scholars attended the second international conference on steel technology and new materials held in Pohang at the invitation of an Asian organization of the United Nations. Shao Xianghua made a special speech at the conference, which opened the contacts and contacts between Chinese and Korean steel science and technology circles and relevant parties.
personnel training
By March of 20 12, Shao Xianghua, as a postgraduate tutor, had trained 3 master students and 4 doctoral students.
Honor recognition
1998 won the second China Guanghua Award for Engineering Science and Technology.
1April, 992, at the annual spring meeting of Japan Iron and Steel Institute, he was awarded honorary member of the Institute and Yukawa Memorial Lecture Award.
1984 August 15 was awarded the title of second-class hero by Angang company.
1937 won the mathematics prize and was awarded the academic title of A.R.S.M and the Imperial College London Prize in London.
1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
1995 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering.
social service
Shao Xianghua is the editor-in-chief of Encyclopedia of China Mining and Metallurgy Volume iron and steel smelting Volume, the editor-in-chief of Contemporary China Iron and Steel Industry and the editor-in-chief of China Metallurgical Encyclopedia. Shao Xianghua was elected as the first, second and third NPC deputies.
Since 1950s, Shao Xianghua has successively served as a member of the Iron and Steel Group of the State Science and Technology Commission, deputy head of the Metallurgical Discipline Group, member of the Engineering Discipline Evaluation Group of the the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, member of the Metallurgical Group of the National Invention Award Evaluation Committee, member of the National Natural Science Award Committee and member of the Scientific and Technological Progress Award Evaluation Committee of the Ministry of Metallurgy.
1949 has been the editor-in-chief of Angang (technical journal), and the editorial board, editor-in-chief, deputy editor-in-chief, consultant and general consultant of several major metallurgical journals such as Journal of Metals and Iron and Steel and China Metal Science and Technology News.
From 65438 to 0956, he served as executive director of China Metal Society, chairman of Steelmaking Society and honorary director of China Vacuum Society.
1980 was elected honorary director of China vacuum society.
199 1 was elected honorary member of Metal Society.
Personality assessment
Shao Lao expressed his high respect and heartfelt congratulations on his hard work and important contribution in the process of industrialization in China, and thanked Shao Lao for his long-term concern and support for the work of the Academy of Engineering. (Quarterly Review of Academician of China Academy of Engineering)
Comrade Shao Xianghua has always maintained the noble sentiment of selfless dedication and the scientific spirit of forging ahead, being brave in innovation and striving for perfection in the struggle for the iron and steel cause of the motherland. He is rigorous and pragmatic in his studies. Pay attention to the integration of theory with practice, and think that the fundamental point of application foundation and development research lies in engineering and industrialization. He is modest and prudent, approachable, good at listening to various viewpoints and never imposes his academic views on others. He respects science, seeks truth from facts and dares to speak frankly. He attached great importance to the cultivation of talents, strictly demanded and supported the younger generation, and trained a large number of talents for China's metallurgical industry. In view of his outstanding contribution to the production and construction, application of basic theory and technical development of the iron and steel industry in the motherland. (Comment by China Yan Gang Technology Group Co., Ltd.)
Shao Xianghua is one of the founders and pioneers of modern iron and steel metallurgical engineering in China, and is recognized as one of the important founders of technical management of large-scale iron and steel joint enterprises in China. Because of his love for his alma mater, he is also a consultant of Zhejiang University Alumni Association. Mr. Wang struggled in the field of iron and steel metallurgy all his life, not only adhering to the spirit of "seeking truth from facts, pioneering and innovating" of his alma mater, but also achieving fruitful results in metallurgical technology research and development, and cultivating a large number of outstanding talents and technical backbones in metallurgical engineering. The death of Mr. Shao Xianghua is not only a great loss for the metallurgical industry, but also a great loss for his alma mater, Zhejiang University! Although Mr. Wang left, he won the reputation of the industry with a rigorous and realistic attitude, and touched the younger generation of students with his style of loving the school and respecting teachers. His noble character will remain in the world forever, inspiring Zhejiang University alumni to keep forging ahead and bravely climb the peak. (Zhejiang University Review)
Commemoration of future generations
In 2009, Collected Works of Academician Shao Xianghua: Celebrating Academician Shao Xianghua's 96th Birthday was published by Metallurgical Industry Press.
On 201February 2 1 day, the symposium on the centenary birthday of Academician Shao Xianghua was held in China Yan Gang Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd.