Christmas is a political sociology concept introduced by German sociologist Weber from the early Christian concept. Weber believes that Karisma is a kind of personality: they have supernatural and superhuman strength or quality, and have the ability to attract some people around them to become followers and believers, who treat these leaders sincerely.

Two. Specific example: Cai Yuanpei

Mr. Cai Yuanpei, an outstanding educator in China's modern history, undoubtedly belongs to karis's horse-like figure. His reform of Peking University has had a far-reaching impact on China's education, which is inseparable from his personality charm and has been widely supported.

Cai Yuanpei's reform in Peking University is strong and effective, which is obviously inseparable from Cai Yuanpei's personality factors. Almost all the documents about Cai Yuanpei and his reform in Peking University are full of admiration and praise for Cai Yuanpei himself, and even call him a "perfect man". Lin Yutang once said:

"Mr Cai (Yuan Pei) is Mr Cai. This is the feeling of colleagues at Peking University. The implication seems to contain infinite love and respect, and it seems that there is no second Mr. Cai in the world. Although others may have strengths and weaknesses, for Mr. Cai, everyone is consistent and there is nothing to say. "

Feng Youlan once praised Cai Yuanpei's personality, saying that he is a well-deserved gentleman, that is, a gentleman with Confucian gentleness, diligence and thrift, and said:

"He (referring to Cai Yuanpei) is so loved by students that it is entirely personality motivation. Taoism pays attention to' meteorology' ... For example, Cheng Yi said that Cheng Hao was' as fine as gold, as soft as jade, broad and controlled, and harmonious without flowing. ..... depending on its color, its connection is also like the temperature in spring; Listen to him, and he is like rain. Open-minded, completely see each other; If you measure its meaning, if it is endless, then applaud; Extremely virtuous, good words are not enough to describe. "These words fully apply to Cai Yuanpei."

From the unanimous praise of Cai Yuanpei, we can see that besides the specific historical environment and academic vision, Cai Yuanpei's personal quality and personality played an important role in his reform. Many commentators have already mentioned this point. For example, some people say that Cai Yuanpei built a "personality platform" for various ideas in Peking University with his "personality strength". Others said that personal charm "cannot be ignored in Cai Yuanpei's reform.

Speaking of personal charm, it reminds us of Weber's concept of Karisma. Judging from Cai Yuanpei's reform process in Peking University, he does have an extraordinary charisma and special charm, which is consistent with Karisma to a great extent. Weber's Karisma originally refers to a special qualification possessed by individuals, so it will be supported and followed. Figuratively speaking, he has the power to climb high and shout. A large number of interviews and introductions about Cai Yuanpei show that Cai Yuanpei has a convincing inner charm, and everyone around him has a voluntary attitude of following and obeying. The reason why many teachers and students of Peking University can be so impressed by Cai Yuanpei is that they at least listen to his call to a certain extent and engage in teaching, research and learning with a new spirit. It is unimaginable without Cai Yuanpei's special appeal.

It is no accident that Cai Yuanpei can have some Karisma qualifications. There are at least three aspects that can capture the realistic conditions of karis horse's qualification in him.

First of all, Cai Yuanpei has a rare personal qualification. At that time, it was pointed out that:

"Cai Qingming Hanlin has been to France and Germany. Both old and new knowledge are extremely profound. The government can only be called a person. "

I still can't forget Cai Yuanpei's experience as the first education chief of the Republic of China.

Secondly, Cai Yuanpei is in a favorable position because of his personal relationship with various figures in Peking University. As early as the "China Education Association", he established a personal relationship with Zhang Taiyan, and he was from Zhejiang Province. Therefore, he was supported by influential Zhangmen disciples and had long-term contacts with old-school figures such as Liu. Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi and other new-school figures were fostered by Cai Yuanpei. Therefore, "both the old and new factions have a good impression on Mr. Cai."

Thirdly, through the experience of studying in Germany and working in France, Cai Yuanpei's academic vision is broad and academic tolerance is far from that of ordinary scholars at that time, and he has been in a strategic position. Part of him can hardly reflect his academic thoughts:

"Peking University, always bound by old ideas, is not free. I went in, and I wanted to open up a little atmosphere. I invited a few people with new ideas to publicize some new theories and publish some new printed materials. Compared with the new ideas in the world, I criticized them with my ideals, but they were still half new. The new aspect is a little smug and funny. I don't know the old one. After reading this semi-new one, it looks like a' flood beast'. "

On the basis of experience, interpersonal relationship, academic tolerance and other factors, Cai Yuanpei showed the quality of karis horse in the reform of Peking University, which is a condition for Cai Yuanpei's success in the reform of Peking University.