Generally speaking, rural settlements include farmhouses, barns, warehouses, roads, canals, green spaces beside houses, and ancillary facilities under specific environment and specialized production conditions. Small villages generally have no service function, while central villages have small shops, small clinics, post offices, schools and other living services and cultural facilities. With the development of modern urbanization, urbanization villages similar to cities have appeared in the suburbs of cities. Non-agricultural activities and non-agricultural population are larger than those in villages and market towns. A city is the political, economic and cultural center in a certain geographical area, with a large population, high density and strong heterogeneity in occupation and demand.
Generally speaking, urban residential areas have large housing area, dense roads, more productive facilities such as factories, and more living services and cultural facilities such as shops, hospitals, schools and theaters. Zhongguancun is a small village on the terraced fields in Haidian, and artifacts from the late Neolithic period have been found many times near this village. Forty years of archaeology in Beijing, willow-shaped microliths and stone chips have been unearthed in Zhongguancun, Xishan and lishuiqiao in Chaoyang District, Haidian. 1958+0956 A finely carved stone axe was unearthed in No.3 Courtyard of Peking University Tong Fu Jia. In the same year, more than 100 complete and broken stone tools were collected in Zhongguancun and Haidian. There are about 200 pieces of waste and stones. 1997, a late Neolithic cultural site was discovered on the site of Peking University Science Complex. About 5000 years ago, ancient ancestors lived on the north bank of the small lake on campus. More than 10 stone tools, more than 20 pieces of pottery pieces and 100 pieces of pottery pieces were unearthed here, including stone mills, grinding rods and stones.
1955 an urn and coffin were found in the construction site of the staff dormitory of Beijing University in Zhongguanyuan, with a north-south trend, with a length of 0.5 meters and a width of 0.3 meters. The urn and coffin are made of two clay pots of fish pelvis, and the northern end is covered with ordinary muddy gray pottery fragments. The bones in the coffin have rotted, and although there are no funerary objects, the pottery-making technology of the Warring States period can be seen from the pelvis of the fish. It was made in Zhongguancun North. Some pottery fragments and rope-patterned pottery pieces were unearthed. A large number of relics have appeared, reflecting the development of production in the Western Han Dynasty. Agricultural settlements should be formed at this time. Zhongguancun is the place leading to Juyongguan ancient road in Beijing's early development. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Zhongguancun was located in the northern suburb of the capital and became the only place leading to the Summer Palace. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Zhongguancun was located in the northwest suburb of the capital, where dignitaries built gardens. Until the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Zhongguancun has never been separated from the framework of agricultural settlements. The ancestors here, from men plowing and women weaving to persuading farmers to plant mulberry, dug holes in the fields with their backs to the loess of the sky until the 20 th century, failed to straighten their backs. From the next season, the Qing court inherited the legacy of the Ming Dynasty to build temples, and commended the founding generals on the other hand. In October of the 26th year of Kangxi (1687), there was a "two-color Oracle Bone Inscriptions Sacrificial Monument" in Baofusi Village. In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709), the Yuanmingyuan was presented to the fourth son of the Yellow Emperor. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), eight Eight Banners Barracks were built. After three years of Yongzheng (1725), Yuanmingyuan officially became the administrative office of the Qing emperor's garden. Formed a grand situation centered on Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden. Besides protecting the Eight Banners, there are many gardens and service organizations around Yuanmingyuan. Among them, Fu Heng's Friendship Garden for college students and Shuchun Garden in Shenyang are located in the southeast corner of Yuanmingyuan. Service units include bodyguard camp, Tu Sanqi and China official residence. China's official residence was built in the west of Chengfu Village, near Haidian Town (now Peking University May 4th Playground). There is a land of official righteousness in the north and a temple of soldiers in the south. Haidian forms an official residence platform, on which the Western Hills lie, surrounded by rivers, and is often chosen as Yin Ruins. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (180 1), Deming was diligent and the deacon was clumsy. After his death, there was an inscription in Fu Bao Temple entitled "Courtesy of Manchu Rulers and Inscription of Blue Flag". In the twenty-second year of Jiaqing (18 17), Su Leng was appointed as the minister of the Ministry of Industry and built a house garden in the southwest of Chengfu (now called Dongdadi), which was called Su Yuan or Su Daren Garden. The official residence of the China government was originally built here, using some wood. Jianzhong official residence and pavement buildings. 1June, 928, Zhongguancun was brought under the jurisdiction of Beiping, belonging to the northern suburb. The most detailed Map of Beiping Suburbs printed in the same year recorded the place name of Guan Zhong.
1932 The name directory of streets and villages belonging to Beiping Autonomous Region Square is Zhongguancun, which belongs to the 22nd Square of 15 Autonomous Region. Written on 1940, Chengfu Village in the western suburbs of Beijing is called Zeng Er. Unfortunately, it was not officially published. Beiping City was established in 6548+0948. Sancaitang section is under the jurisdiction, including 1 1, with camps divided into 1, 2, 3 and 4, middle officials divided into 5 and 6 (***40 households), and south camps divided into 7, 8, 9 and 18. The package 18 was changed to 18 village, and1a was changed to 1 1 Lv. Zhongguancun was under the jurisdiction of Chengfu village. Its four sides: East. Outside the west gate of Lanqiying, namely Yike Center; South to the northern end of North Fu Bao Temple, that is, south of the Fourth Ring Road; West to the east of yenching university Dongqiang Orchard, that is, to the east of Zhongguancun Street; North to Chengfu Village South; The boundary is the diagonal line from southwest to northeast, then take the north and south, and then turn to east and west, which is Chengfu Road. 1950 18 village was changed to baofusi village, and 1958+095 1 year was changed to baofusi township. 1958+0953 published "Beijing Street Book" said that the remarks in the preparation for the exam were the dormitory of Peking University Central Management College. Special education above the secondary education stage is called higher education. Imperial academy in ancient China, mathematics, law and medicine all belong to the nature of higher education. Shi Jing University Hall is the beginning of modern higher education in China. In the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1), on April 29th, the Qing government used part of boxer indemnity returned by the American government. The school is located in Tsinghua campus. After the Revolution of 1911, it was renamed Tsinghua University. 1925 started the undergraduate course, and 1928 was transformed into the national Tsinghua University. It has trained a group of intellectuals who accepted western modern culture in China in the early days, and is known as the cradle of engineers. Yenching university is one of the missionary institutions of higher learning founded by the United States in China. Founded by Beijing Tongzhou Union Medical College in 2006, Beijing Huiwen University and North China Women's Union University merged. 19 19 was named yenching university, and its school sites were Shuchunyuan and Yuan Shao, which were single-sex schools. 1925 moved into the new school building in Haidian and merged, which is known as the cradle of writers. Tsinghua and Yanda are both institutions of higher education, so a university settlement has been formed here. There are also academic exchanges. Geographically, there are two peaks in the east and west. Chengfu lived in it, not only providing accommodation for faculty and staff in Tsinghua and Yanda, but also providing shopping or dining places for Tsinghua and Yanda, connecting teachers and students of the two schools. This kind of ties spread southward to Zhongguancun, Lanqiying, Fu Bao Temple and Haidian Town, especially these two universities, which are scientific and democratic.
During the War of Liberation, the revolutionary forces of Tsinghua University and Yanda University were dominant, and they were called small liberated areas. In Tsinghua Campus Lane, by the unnamed lake, a group of giants have been trained. Their words are skillful and beautiful, and their contents are profound and dignified, just like a clear stream flowing through their hearts. After years of aging, they are memorable and have influenced many generations. +095 1 the State Council Culture and Education Commission is considering building the Institute of Modern Physics and Geophysics in Beijing. Zhu Kezhen and others think that the research base of the Academy of Sciences should be close to Tsinghua and yenching university, so as to make full use of the existing traffic conditions and power equipment. The initiative of scientists is meticulous, and they are carefully designing Zhongguancun. 1February, 952, the spring was chilly, and the large-scale construction of Zhongguancun Science City was launched in an all-round way. The priority project is modern physics. Geophysical and applied physics building. The building of Institute of Modern Physics, commonly known as Atomic Energy Building, is the first building in Zhongguancun Science Park. At the end of 1953, the building of the Institute of Modern Physics was completed, and it was moved to the new site in June of the following year. Atomic Energy Institute becomes the departure point of Science City. The former Yuanneng Mansion was the cradle of the winner of China's two bombs and one satellite meritorious medal, and it is also the birthplace of Zhongguancun Science Park today. Institute of Modern History, Institute of Economics, Institute of Linguistics and Institute of Archaeology of the former Academy of Sciences. In order to make these institutes closer to Renmin University, we plan to move them out of the city. So we built four rows of two-story buildings in the southwest corner of the Institute of Modern Physics, one building and one building, called four. In June, 2005, the editorial department of Geography of China was stationed in the southernmost one of the four academies of science in China. After several years of construction, Peking University has formed a golden triangle. One hospital and two schools (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University and Tsinghua) are the support points of the Golden Triangle. Zhongguancun is in this golden triangle, and the word Zhongguancun has become a symbol of scientific research and teaching.
Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in 1978, the tide of reform and opening-up has directly stimulated Zhongguancun, the largest intellectual and knowledge-intensive area in China, represented by Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University and Tsinghua.
There are 40 new technology enterprises in Zhongguancun, represented by Liangtong (four links, communication) and Lianghai (Jinghai, Kehai), forming the skeleton of Zhongguancun Electronic Street. In February, there were *** 148 scientific and technological enterprises with independent legal personality in Zhongguancun Electronic Street.
1988 may 10, the State Council approved the establishment of the Beijing new technology industry development experimental zone, and designated 100 square kilometers as the new technology industry development experimental zone with Zhongguancun as the boundary, giving preferential policies to 18.