Graduation thesis, usually undergraduate thesis, master's thesis and doctoral thesis, may have different requirements from school to school, but this will not change the standard format of writing. A paper in a standard format is not only beautiful, but also shows students' attitude towards academics.
For graduation thesis, the main purpose is to cultivate students' comprehensive application of knowledge and skills, combine theoretical knowledge with practice, and train students' ability to analyze and solve problems independently. In the process of writing graduation thesis, there are five processes: opening report, thesis writing, thesis submission review, thesis defense and thesis grading, among which the opening report is the most important process and an important indicator of whether the thesis can be carried out.
For the overall format of the paper
1. Title: The title should be concise, clear and general, with no more than 20 words (different institutions may have different requirements). This college graduation thesis generally does not need a separate topic page, and master's and doctoral graduation thesis generally needs a separate topic page to show information such as institutions, tutors, and defense time. The English part generally needs to use Times New Roman font.
2. Copyright statement: Generally speaking, both master's and doctoral dissertations must be accompanied by a copyright statement, which is a separate page. Individual undergraduate graduation thesis also has this item.
3. Abstract: The language should be concise and clear, and the Chinese abstract should be about 100-200 words (different institutions may have different requirements).
4. Keywords: Choose 3-5 words from the title or text of the paper (different institutions may require different things) as keywords. Keywords need to be separated by semicolons or commas.
5. Table of Contents: Write the table of contents and indicate the page number. First-level and second-level titles of the text (lower-level titles can also be marked according to the actual situation), references, appendices, acknowledgements, etc.
6. Text: Generally, the number of words in the text of university graduation thesis should be more than 5,000 words, the number of words in bachelor of arts graduation thesis is usually more than 8,000 words, and the number of words in master's thesis may be more than 30,000 words (different institutions may have different requirements).
Text of graduation thesis: including preface, thesis and conclusion.
Preface (introduction) is the beginning of the paper, which mainly explains the purpose, practical significance and understanding of the research problems, and puts forward the central argument of the paper. The preface should be concise, not too long.
② This thesis is the main body of graduation thesis, including research contents and methods, experimental materials, experimental results and analysis (discussion), etc. In this part, we should use various research methods and experimental results to analyze problems, demonstrate opinions and try our best to reflect our scientific research ability and academic level.
The conclusion is the conclusion part of the graduation thesis, which is the conclusion drawn around this theory. Its basic point is to summarize the full text and deepen the meaning of the problem.
7. Acknowledgement: Briefly describe my experience in doing my graduation thesis, and express my gratitude to the instructor and the relevant personnel who assisted in completing the thesis.
8. References: At the end of the graduation thesis, all monographs, papers and other materials involved in the thesis should be listed. The listed references can be arranged in the order of references or citations in the text, or in the order of sound (the corresponding Harvard-style references are used in the text without serial numbers).
9. Note: In the process of writing the thesis, some problems need to be elaborated and explained outside the text.
10. Appendix: Some contents that are not suitable for the text but have reference value can be included in the appendix. Sometimes, a personal profile is usually attached to the text.
The concrete presentation of graduation thesis format
front cover
Use the unified format of the school, the topic is centered, the left side is aligned with the student number, and the back is underlined neatly. . The topic should be highly summarized, concise and easy to read, and the number of words should be less than 20.
Chinese paper title
The title of the paper is bold No.3, centered. There is an empty line below.
chinese abstract
"Abstract:" Head, bold number 4, followed by Song Zixiao number 4, the abstract should briefly explain the content, purpose, experimental methods, main achievements and characteristics of the graduation thesis (design), generally 150-300 words. There is an empty line below.
Chinese keywords
Keywords: "Above, bold number 4, followed by small number 4, usually 3-5 keywords, separated by" and ",the last keyword is not punctuated, and there are two lines below.
English paper title
All English is in the font of "Times New roman", bold and centered. There is an empty line below.
English abstracts and keywords
English abstracts and keywords should have the same format as Chinese abstracts and keywords except font, but "Abstract:" and "Keyword:" should be bold. To translate the content accurately, the vocabulary and grammar of English abstracts must be accurate.
Note: If you teach more, you can put English topics, abstracts and keywords on the next page.
catalogue
The word "directory" is in bold type No.3, centered, with blank lines below.
The first-level title "I" is bold with a small number of four; The second-level title is indented, with a small number of four; Three-level title indentation, small number four, with brackets; The page number is preceded by a continuous dot, which is vertically centered. If "1", "1, 1", 1, 1 "are adopted, each layer will be indented by half a word. References are in the form of first-class titles.
main body
The text is Song Ti No.4, and the beginning of each paragraph is blank. In order to meet the writing standard of general academic papers, the number of words in graduation thesis of arts and sciences is generally not less than 6000 words, and the number of words in graduation design of engineering and art majors depends on the professional situation.
The paper should be fluent in writing, accurate in language, clear in level, clear in argument, accurate in argument, complete and rigorous in argument, with independent views and opinions, and be academic, scientific and innovative to some extent.
The content of graduation thesis should be realistic and respect intellectual property rights. Where other people's viewpoints, statistical data or calculation formulas are quoted, there should be a source (citation), and the calculated data should be true, objective and accurate.
title
All headings are left blank, and numerical headings should be written in bold, small four, blank, or "1", "1", "1" and "etc.
To annotate ...
Adopt the academic norms of this discipline, advocate practical footnotes, and indicate the source of all Chinese and foreign materials cited in the paper. Notes in Chinese and foreign languages shall indicate the original author, title, publishing house, publication date and page number of the materials used.
chart
When the chart appears in the text, adjust the line spacing to the desired size, return to the text and adjust the line spacing to 22 points.
refer to
References are listed at the end of the article in the order in which they appear in the text; The text is marked with the words "Quote:" (upper left box); The serial numbers of references are displayed in the upper left box, and the numbers are represented by square brackets, such as [1], [2], [etc., so as to be consistent with the format of serial numbers in the text. According to ISO690 and ISO690-2, each reference item ends with ",". The formats and examples of various reference entries are as follows:
Monographs, papers, papers and reports
[serial number] Principal, document title [document type identification], place of publication: publisher, year of publication, page number (optional), (country should be added before Chinese translation)
Mi O 'Connor, translated by Wang Yaoxian. Compilation of scientific and technological books and periodicals [M], Beijing: People's Education Press,1982,56-57,
[2] Xin Ximeng, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Information Technology and Information Services: Set A [C], Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1994,
Printing and paper
Undergraduate graduation thesis (design) should be printed on A4 paper, with the left margin of 2,775cm, the right margin and the top and bottom margins of 2,5cm, the header and footer of 1, 5cm, the full-text line spacing of 22bp, and the binding line on the left. In the following order, the page number is at the bottom of the page and the fifth is in the middle.
Binding sequence
After the students' defense, all departments should bind the relevant materials and papers in the order of cover, Chinese and English abstracts and keywords, catalogue, text, notes, references, topic selection approval form, topic opening report, mid-term checklist, instructor's comments and defense record form, and store them in the teaching files of the department.
Submit an electronic manuscript of a paper.
The floppy disk of graduation thesis (design) handed in by students must be disinfected!
Graduation thesis (design) should be edited by Microsoft Word, saved as a doc file, and named after the student number. For example, if a student's student number is 0 137023, the file name should be 0 137023, doc. There can only be one file named student number and doc in the disk handed in by each student. Students with double degrees should hand in two papers, one is called student number and doc, and the other is called student number sh and doc, such as 0 137023sh and doc (double degree).
In principle, each student should keep his own paper separately (as the file name), and indicate his student number, name and department on the cover of the floppy disk, and then hand it in. It is not recommended to compress each file in order to squeeze the papers of multiple students into one floppy disk. If the space on the floppy disk is large enough, the papers of multiple students can also be concentrated, but they must not be compressed files. If a student's paper is too big to be compressed, then the compression and decompression software and methods he uses must be recorded in a file named decompress, doc or txt in detail. If the decompression software used is not commonly used, you should attach your own decompression software to the floppy disk.
Finally, it is necessary to popularize several major detection systems, and I hope that everyone will not catch it.
(1). HowNet (personal testing is not supported, and it can be tested with the help of early detection: www.zaojiance.com platform). This is Big Brother, which is more expensive, let alone how expensive it is. Everyone knows that, of course, local tyrants please feel free; Second, 90% schools will use this for a free test, and the time will be on the eve of the external trial. The detection of a treasure is not reliable, and the paper is at risk of disclosure.
(2) Paper Pass (www.paperpass.com) is now used by many key universities. If the school uses this system, it is recommended to choose this test, and don't mess around. Registered account, self-test, safe and reliable, convenient and fast. And this is relatively cheap. If the school uses HowNet, this can be used as a preliminary exam and a mid-term exam. It's 1.5 yuan/1000 words, and it's 3000 words for the first time.
(3) Paper Grader (www.paperrater.net) The test result of this system is not as strict as paperpass, so it is not recommended for master students. However, the number of words sent for the first time is still quite large, which is basically enough for undergraduates to take an exam.
(4). Last year, the grid paper exam just came out, free signs, and finally you have to collect money. It is said that, like gocheck, the result is not clear. Never used it. It is said that it is the result of free testing every day, but you have to pay for reading the report!
(5) Other messy things are not recommended, but if they are used in schools, they must be based on that system.