Jin Wenzhi's teaching plan for senior three Chinese.
first kind
First, import:
More than 2,000 years ago, China's ideological field experienced a glorious era. It was really a hundred flowers blooming and a hundred schools of thought contending. In any future era, our ideological changes are not so great, the forms are not so diverse, and the content is not so free. This era is: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. Can you name some representative factions at that time? The influence of Confucianism on China culture and even politics is unprecedented. The representatives of Confucianism are Confucius and Mencius, who are called? Saint? And then what? Yasheng? . Everyone is familiar with Confucius, but he may not know much about his disciple Mencius. Who can tell me something about Mencius?
Second, about Mencius:
1, Mencius
Mencius (before 372? Former 289), whose real name is Ke, was born in Zou (now southeast of Zou County, Shandong Province) during the Warring States Period.
Mencius was a representative of the Confucian school in the Warring States Period. He was a disciple of Zisi (grandson of Confucius) and gave lectures at the age of 30. He began to travel around the world at the age of 44, and returned to his hometown to give lectures and write books in his later years until his death. Later rulers regarded him as a revered idol and called him in Yuan and Ming Dynasties? Yasheng? .
2. Mencius and its works
Mencius has seven articles, namely, Liang, Gong Sunchou,,, Gao Zi and Dedication. Each chapter is divided into two parts. As a bibliography, it recorded some remarks about Mencius' important thoughts. In the southern song dynasty, Zhu combined it with daxue, the doctrine of the mean and the Analects of Confucius in the book of rites? Four books? It pushed the tradition of reading classics into a narrower alley and became the only basis for later generations (such as Ming and Qing Dynasties) to draw eight-part essays in imperial examinations.
3. Mencius thought
Nature is good (most people can think of Yao and Shun)
(2) the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light (people-oriented).
(3) Poor people are immune to it, and success is beneficial to the world (the standard of being a scholar-bureaucrat in feudal times)
(4) riches and honour can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and powerful people can't bend (proudly look at you)
⑤ Hard-working people govern others, and hard-working people govern others. It is a common phenomenon that people who treat others eat people, and those who treat others eat people.
[Thinking: Why was Mencius' thought accepted by later generations? Any philosophy will create its own ideal world. The ideal world of Mencius, the master of Confucianism, is much more attractive than the small country and few people of Taoism and Buddhism. Mencius put forward an ideal picture of sharing happiness between monarch and minister, unity of benevolence and righteousness, and peace and prosperity. For the king, this is naturally the best. What can satisfy the people better than their submission and strong national strength? The same is true for ordinary people. Who doesn't want to be a man of peace and prosperity?
4. The era significance of Mencius.
The social background at that time: ① Fighting for land and killing people for profit; Fight for the city, kill for the city.
(2) There are fat meat and fat horses in the stable; When people are hungry, so are wild people.
Significance of the times: Mencius' thought is obviously progressive. What is its ideological core? People-oriented thought? . In today's view, it at least includes attaching importance to national interests, opposing the sense of privilege and protecting the people. This new concept in the period of social change conforms to the wishes of the people and has a certain humanitarian spirit, which has a great influence on our ideological field so far. Mencius' pursuit is the exploration of social outlet, and his spirit of seeking truth is also worth learning today. In addition, Mencius' prose has also achieved great success. As the essence of culture, it is of course necessary for us to study, learn from, inherit and carry forward.
5、? King? And then what? Overbearing?
This is a pair of relative concepts in the pre-Qin era. ? King? Governing the country with benevolence and righteousness is a political proposition put forward by Confucianism; Overbearing refers to the monarch ruling by force, criminal law and power. Mencius lived in a hegemonic era. Whoever advocates legalism and emphasizes land to the tiller and enriching the people and strengthening the province will win. Sima Qian's Historical Records? The Biography of Mencius Xun Qing said:? At that time, the Qin Dynasty used Shang Jun, a rich country, Qiang Bing. Chu Wei defeated the weak enemy with Wuqi. Qi Xuanwang used his grandson, Tian Ji's disciple, and the vassal was in the east. The world affairs are in Lian Heng, and it is wise to attack; On the other hand, Monk described the virtues of Tang Yu's three generations, which was inconsistent with what he did. ?
Read the text in different roles and answer the questions.
1. Teachers and students read the questions and answers respectively, while other students read silently.
2. Read the questions and answers in groups of men and women.
Thinking:
1. What is the main content of the dialogue between Mencius and Qi Xuanwang? (Mencius persuaded the other side to implement benevolent policies and realize kingliness)
2. What is the central point of Mencius? (Keep the people king)
4. Homework: Familiarize yourself with the text
Second lesson
First, import:
When we study classical Chinese, we need to master two key contents: first, the key words in classical Chinese (including interchangeable words, polysemy, different meanings in ancient and modern times, flexible use of parts of speech, special sentence patterns, etc. ); This is also today's homework (classification and induction). The first is the point to be expressed in the article and how the author expresses this point. Specific to Mencius, this article is to understand Mencius' main point of view, how he expressed this point of view, and how Mencius persuaded Qi Xuanwang step by step, that is, Mencius' art of argument. This is a very important point and practical for all of us.