I tried to answer your question well, but I found someone answered it better. Now for your reference:

(A) to understand the different characteristics of the environment

Any person's personality characteristics, the depth and breadth of thought, success or failure, gains or losses are all based on the coordinate system composed of individual culture and social culture. In other words, a person's success depends not only on his personal qualities, but also on the environment you face. Therefore, students should not only know themselves, but also know the environment when they go to society and succeed.

Each specific environment has its own traditions and styles, and has different characteristics. Only by understanding and adapting to the environment can we transform the environment.

When students and graduates go to the society, their posts are very different and their environment is different, but one thing is the same, that is, they enter the professional living environment from the student living environment. Then, we must first study and grasp the characteristics of these two different types.

First of all, the living environment of students is treated. An orderly environment and a professional living environment are natural rather than designed. School education is an activity to guide the educated to acquire knowledge and skills, cultivate ideological and moral character, and develop intelligence and physical strength in a purposeful, planned and organized way according to certain social reality and future needs. The purpose of school education is to cultivate people, so the teaching plan, teaching materials, homework, in-class and out-of-class, class collective organization and environmental layout are carefully designed, and students' lives are very orderly. Professional life mainly depends on your own exploration and struggle, and no one will design it carefully for you. So different treatment methods will lead to completely different results. Secondly, students' life is romantic and fantastic; Professional life is realistic and serious, and an important feature of students' life is that their thoughts, words and deeds generally do not directly translate into social reality. Doing homework is to digest and consolidate course study, and speaking is to train eloquence and thinking ... It doesn't matter if you are wrong, you can start over. Professional life is completely different. You designed bridges, built buildings, built factories, and dialed the wrong number, and the consequences were unimaginable. If you are a judge and a reporter, and you are not realistic, it will have a great social impact. When you are a teacher, everything you say and do will affect your students. Therefore, professional life should have a high sense of responsibility and good professional ethics.

Thirdly, student life belongs to the non-distribution field, and there is no conflict of interest among students; Professional life belongs to the field of distribution and is related to each other's interests. Students come to school to study, there is no conflict of interest between them, and the feelings between classmates are pure, so they last the longest. During school, there will be some contradictions, but when you look back after graduation, everyone will think that this is nothing at all. Professional life belongs to the field of distribution. Through distribution, people should not only achieve their careers, but also support their families. When selecting cadres, everyone wants one or more places; Wages, bonuses, housing allocation and so on are all related to personal interests. The coordination of professional life depends on policies and mechanisms. When I first started working, some students felt very uncomfortable about it.

In a word, understanding the environment is an important issue for us to adapt to society and achieve success, and we should attach great importance to it.

(2) Take the first step of "doing nothing"

In the late 1980s, some comrades who had been students and I conducted a survey on some graduates of our school. When talking about how to adapt to the society and move towards success, several alumni invariably mentioned that we should correctly treat the period of "doing nothing".

The so-called "doing nothing" means that it takes a process to understand and be familiar with the society, the unit and the work within one or two years after entering the society from school. Unit leaders don't understand the ability and level of graduates, so it takes a process to understand and know. Therefore, compared with the old workers, they seem to have nothing to do during this time. In the face of such a period, there are generally four attitudes: first, leaders do what they say; The second is to fully relax. I feel too tired to study for more than ten years and need to live well. So I play poker, chess and dance. Third, study hard and prepare for the postgraduate entrance examination; The fourth is to investigate and observe the situation of this unit, find out where it is possible to give play to its advantages, and at the same time study and think, make corresponding preparations, and get started as soon as possible. Four different treatment methods will produce completely different results. Undoubtedly, students who adopt the fourth attitude will start faster and develop better than other students.

Since the 1990s, due to the reform and opening up and the establishment of the socialist market economy, the opportunities provided by society for people's career choices have increased, and people have begun to pay attention to the equality of career choices and employment opportunities, which is a manifestation of social progress. It is understandable that students want to choose a career that pays well and can help them develop their career through their own efforts. Because every student has many opportunities to choose from, some students feel at a loss, don't know what to do, and their hearts are always floating around, which is very distressing. Faced with this situation, what should I do?

First of all, we must grasp the principle of choice. Marx said: "When choosing a career, the main criteria we should follow are human happiness and our own perfection." There are two aspects to consider when choosing a job: society and oneself. First, the objective reality of society, the requirements and opportunities it provides, because anyone can only create history under established historical conditions; Second, a person's ambition, ambition, specialty, potential and interest can fully realize his subjectivity. These two aspects are indispensable, and efforts should be made to find jobs that meet social needs and personal development.

Secondly, we must grasp the method of choice. The method of choice is comparison. Comparison is the comparison of advantages and disadvantages. Everything has advantages and disadvantages, and nothing has advantages and disadvantages. However, when we choose a career, we often hope to have advantages and disadvantages, good reputation, high income, great development prospects, big cities and proximity to home ... This is unrealistic. "Two advantages compete for its strengths and two disadvantages compete for its weaknesses", as long as the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

Thirdly, once you choose a career and a job, don't look around and hesitate, but settle down, work hard and make creative achievements. Every profession produces its own topmost master. Any behavior, as long as you choose the right direction and stick to it, can make achievements and contribute to society. Any new business is to do something that no one has done before. It is exploratory, challenging and risky. If you flinch when you encounter difficulties, challenges and risks, consider changing jobs. Such a person will accomplish nothing all his life.

(3) Thinking is not equal to doing.

A few years ago, when I was teaching undergraduates, I asked each student to give a speech on a certain issue within three minutes. Therefore, few students speak it well. Some words are unclear, some words can't express their meaning, some people seem nervous, some people can't grasp the main points, and most people don't have proper manners ... I listened, thought about it, and finally said a paragraph: knowing how to think doesn't mean talking, knowing how to say doesn't mean doing it, and personal qualities don't mean career success. In the past, when students were attending classes, they might think that few of these teachers spoke well, so it would be much better if I went up to speak. Some students are thinking, if I am the principal, if I am the factory director, I am sure. People will think about it, but whether it can be done is another matter. For example, many songs I sing seem to be hummed, but I sing out of tune.

After graduating from college, I studied for fifteen or sixteen years, and after graduating from graduate school, I studied for even longer. I do have a lot of book knowledge, but books are books after all, and many truths in life are not in books. From the acquisition of knowledge, to the cultivation of ability, and then to the acquisition of experience, it needs a process of practice, a process of continuous summary and improvement. The author of The Return of Li Zongren wrote a passage in the preface of this book, which means that if people live from 80 to/kloc-0 instead of 1, then more than half of the people in the world can become great men. This is of course impossible, but it emphasizes the extreme importance of experience to a person. What we college students who have just entered the society lack is experience.

Let's take a look at the lessons and experiences of some graduates:

After a student entered the factory, he boasted that he was knowledgeable and stayed indoors all day, behind closed doors. One day, when a master was drawing a mechanical drawing, he looked at it silently for a long time and said, "There seems to be something wrong with this drawing." As soon as he heard the fire, he said, "I learned." I learned it from books! " The master said, "I haven't been to college, but after touching this machine for decades, I think …" He retorted, "Then why don't you go to college?" When the news came out, the whole factory was in an uproar. Since then, no one has given him "advice" A year later, he was transferred to the factory in frustration.

Several graduates of our school were assigned to work in a unit in Tianjin. Before work, they planned out how to do something big in the unit. Put forward the design plan to the leader as soon as you arrive at the unit. But there has been no reply for a long time. To this end, they think that leaders do not attach importance to intellectuals, and their original enthusiasm is gone. After a year, they looked back at the design scheme, and several people laughed. They said, "This idea is naive. There is nothing to be proud of when you first enter the society, you can only learn with an open mind. "

An alumnus wrote to the school teacher, saying, "Some newly graduated college students think that they are talents and can do great things. They always want a wise leader to use them, otherwise they will blame the leader for not paying attention to talents. After working for a few days, they became discouraged, and some people were devastated. To make students understand that when they graduate from the central government to township enterprises, the first thing is not to consider the lack of a successor there. Once a college student or graduate student is assigned, the leader will first consider that our unit has a person who studies XX and works XX. Therefore, the criteria for evaluating this college student are, first of all, how his work is done and whether he is a good employee. If, in actual work, he is indeed found to have strong ability in one aspect and good performance in other aspects, it is possible to give him a competent position. "

Therefore, after we go to work, we must be down-to-earth, start from little by little, start from small things, learn from old comrades with an open mind, accumulate experience constantly, and don't rush for success. Only wheat and corn can be harvested in one year, and towering trees can be harvested in ten years!

(d) The essence of the project is synthesis, creation and practice.

Many science and engineering graduates are engaged in engineering and technical work or engineering-related work after graduation. Now, some work involving a wide range has also been labeled as "engineering", from "hope project", "talent project", "innovation project" to "lighting project" and so on. So we should know something about engineering, especially the essence of engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) defines "engineering" as: "Engineering is a creative specialty about the development and application of scientific knowledge and technology to meet social needs within material, economic, human, political, legal and cultural constraints."

First of all, the project is comprehensive. Undoubtedly, engineering can't be separated from science and technology, and needs the synthesis of many kinds of science and technology. At the same time, the project involves social, political, economic, cultural, legal and other factors, and any project must consider the constraints of many factors.

Taking the Three Gorges Project as an example, in addition to the in-depth study and discussion of civil engineering, water conservancy, electric power, information, mechanics, geosciences, mathematics, physics and other disciplines, we also need to consider the bearing capacity of national economic development, ecological balance, immigration, culture, earthquake, war and many other issues. If we ignore any of them, the consequences will be unimaginable.

When designing and manufacturing products, we should not only solve our own technical problems, but also consider the social needs of products. Without social demand, this product design is meaningless. Whether the social benefits of products have negative social impacts, which involves ethical issues; The origin and price of raw materials, which involves economic issues; Social and government recognition and support, involving political and legal issues; Product appearance, packaging, which involves aesthetic issues, and so on.

Therefore, we must not think that engineering is only a technical problem without learning, caring and considering political, social, economic, ethical and legal issues.

Secondly, the project is creative. It is through their own creation that the project serves the society and pushes it forward. Without creativity, this project will be meaningless. What is success for an individual? There are innovations and breakthroughs in work, and what others cannot do is success. Dare to innovate is the key to success. A country, a nation, only innovation, there is power, there is a source of strength.

In a sense, synthesis is creation. You can connect the seemingly unrelated things of ordinary people and find out their internal laws, which is creation. So creation and synthesis are interlinked.

Creativity requires rich imagination. Einstein thought that physics gave him knowledge, and knowledge was limited, while art gave him imagination, so he founded the theory of relativity. Cultivate imagination and creativity, and have a rich humanistic background.

Third, the project is feasible. The project itself is practice, and it is absolutely impossible to build a car behind closed doors. Only in practice can problems be found and solved. Moreover, innovation is inseparable from practice, and any major discovery in history comes from practice. Practice is the only criterion to test whether the project is correct or not.

The essence of engineering is synthesis, creation and practice, which are inseparable. Synthesis, creation and practice are our road to success.

(e) People's differences arise in their spare time.

After five, ten and twenty years of college graduation, there are great differences among students in knowledge, grades and even positions for many reasons. Einstein and other scholars believe that people's differences arise in their spare time. Because of the eight-hour working hours, everyone is busy with work, and there is not much difference. It's the weekend. During the five-day working hours, I will work for eight hours and sleep for eight hours, with at least four hours at my disposal every day. They have more free time than working hours every week. The use of this period of time is different, and the future development of people is also very different.

In my spare time, I insist on studying and researching, have a positive attitude towards life and perseverance, and master the correct use of time. According to my experience, I must also grasp the following points:

To have a clear goal and plan, taking architecture as an example, we must first design and take out the drawings, and then construct according to the drawings, starting with laying the foundation. Otherwise, wood and bricks will be moved around, and after decades, it will still be a pile of wood and bricks, which will not make a house. Studying and researching, you also need to make a plan and then focus on one direction. According to your own plan, you will succeed over time.

We should build our own knowledge structure. There is a huge amount of knowledge in the world, for example, it takes at least 600 years for a person to read a new book published in one year; It takes a chemist at least 48 years to complete a chemical paper published in one year. This shows that a person's energy is limited. Everyone who makes a difference has his own unique knowledge structure. Generally speaking, knowledge structure includes knowledge hard core-basic theory, technical theory and applied theory; The veil of knowledge-various theories, doctrines and viewpoints published in the form of papers; Knowledge atmosphere-flashing ideas, judgments, etc. Produced in practice. Based on this, we should establish our own relatively stable knowledge structure, and at the same time, we should constantly absorb new knowledge and enrich it into our own knowledge structure.

Work, finish, publish. This is Faraday's motto. It means, first of all, we have to do one thing, complete it, do it well, and summarize and release it after completion. The way of publication can be books and papers, or you can talk to a few colleagues about your experiences.

Doing one thing has multiple functions. 1985 to 1987, worked as the propaganda minister at Zhongnan University of Political Science and Law, and rode to work every day. I was a little upset at first, and it took me nearly an hour to go back and forth on the road. Later, I thought it was a good opportunity to exercise. On second thought, I can observe the society while walking. Therefore, I am not only not distressed, but also very happy. From here, I realize that a person should have multiple functions. For example, to do a job, we must first do it well, which is a function; It is a function to sum up work experience after finishing; Further, we can find out the rules, refine our thoughts and write a paper or even a book, which is another function.

(6) Most people have a fair evaluation of a person.

Most college students who are about to enter the society are worried that the interpersonal relationship in the society is complicated and difficult to deal with, and that it will affect their own development if they don't handle it well. It is very necessary for us to attach importance to interpersonal relationships, but according to my observation and experience over the years, I have come to a conclusion: in our country and society, most people are good and most people evaluate a person fairly.

In a company, some people may describe you as a flower, which is beyond your actual situation: others may describe you as worthless. But remove the highest score, remove the lowest score, what kind of situation you are, and what kind of evaluation most people will make of you.

After we believe that "most people's evaluation of a person is fair", then in our future work and life, we don't have to look around, the key is to grasp ourselves. A person's success mainly depends on your character, ability and contribution.

After this understanding, should we not attach importance to interpersonal relationships? No 1987 I organized several graduate students to investigate the graduates of our school 120. When asked "What are you most worried about after entering the society", 45 people answered interpersonal relationships, 13 people were "not reused", 9 people were "not understood" and 6 people were "unable to find intimate friends". These four items are all related to social interaction, with 73 people, accounting for 60.8% of the respondents. We live in a society, and everyone can't live without dealing with others. One's success also depends on the support of others. Moreover, whether interpersonal relationships can be handled correctly is also the embodiment of a person's morality, ability and quality. Many books have been published on dealing with interpersonal relationships, and many principles and methods have been put forward, such as knowing others and discussing the world, loving others as yourself, being honest with others, being generous and tolerant, being strict with yourself, being lenient with others and so on. These are all correct. Let's talk about some understandings based on our own experience.

Being honest with others is the psychological guarantee for establishing good interpersonal relationships. If you are honest with others and make people feel that they have no worries and peace of mind when dealing with you, then it is possible to establish good interpersonal communication. If I want to "guard" you from time to time, I don't know which of your words is true and which is false. Will he still be willing to give it to you? Even hypocritical people are willing to deal with honest people.

Tolerance and generosity are the basis of establishing good interpersonal relationships. People in society have different ideas and personalities because of their different life experiences and subjective efforts. If you are defensive in communication and can only deal with people with the same personality and interests, then you can only deal with yourself. So be tolerant of all kinds of people.

Only by actively promoting communication can we establish good interpersonal relationships. The establishment of interpersonal relationship is inseparable from communication. Interpersonal relationship is not an empty relationship, it exists between you, me and him, and it exists in the real relationship, which is manifested in the interactive process of human thought and behavior. Only in communication can you know yourself and others; People can understand you. Only through communication can we build feelings and mutual trust. Good wine fears the deep alley. If you are self-enclosed and your leaders and colleagues don't understand your ability and level, there will be no trust and reuse.

To establish a good interpersonal relationship, we need to learn and master the necessary communication methods and skills. In my survey, some leaders talked about the situation of graduates and the careless communication methods of many people. For example, some people lead their families all day, and the left one asks for instructions and the right one reports. After a long time, the leader will look down on you and think that you have no opinion. Some people don't care about others when they are in contact. When they were sleeping at noon, even late at night, a phone call came and they talked for a long time, and there was nothing urgent, which made the whole family unable to sleep well. Some people can't call. You call him, and he doesn't say a word. It's boring to say it, and he doesn't want to say it ... These are all small examples, but it shows that communication methods are also very important.

When dealing with interpersonal relationships, we should also firmly believe that most people's evaluation of a person is fair. The key lies in grasping ourselves and improving ourselves.

(7) Opportunities are flexible.

In my survey of graduates, when asked about "factors that affect your success", about 40% people answered "opportunity". When analyzing the successful characteristics of contemporary celebrities in China, some people put "seizing opportunities" in the first place, and others include: basic skills and talents, faith, professionalism, special personality, endurance, interpersonal relationships, being good at expressing themselves and eloquence. It can be seen that opportunity has a great influence on a person's success.

Opportunities can be divided into congenital opportunities and acquired opportunities. Congenital opportunity means that you were born male or female; You were born in a family in Gao Qian, Beijing or a poor mountain farm ... This will definitely have an impact on your future career, but you can't change it, which is what people often call "fate". Acquired opportunity is the social demand you meet in your growth and development, and its essence is the inevitable demand generated by the social development to a certain stage. Big opportunities are the kind of persistent social needs. We usually talk about the opportunity the day after tomorrow, which is flexible for our success.

First of all, seizing opportunities is flexible. Opportunities exist objectively, but whether you can seize them depends on your quality. Some people have analyzed and summarized that there have been seven opportunities in the past 20 years of reform and opening up: 1978 to 1986 is the golden age of writers and artists; 1979 to 1992 is the best time for self-employed individuals to succeed; From 1980 to 1986, it is the golden age of the development of speech art; The period from 1980 to 1994 is the best time for the computer market in China. The first half year from 1986 to 1992 is the best time for China people to succeed in the stock market. The period from the beginning of 1992 to the first half of 1993 is a rare opportunity for great success in the real estate market; Starting from 1996, being laid off may be an opportunity. This is from a big perspective, there are still many opportunities for everyone's development space.

Opportunities generally have three stages: latent, climax and recession. In the incubation period of the opportunity, there are great risks and difficulties, and entering the opportunity will bear great pressure, but only early entry can achieve great success. If you enter the opportunity late, the opportunity is no longer an opportunity, but a huge burden. To seize the opportunity, we must assess the situation, look at the social development trend and enter the opportunity as soon as possible.

Secondly, whether you can succeed after entering the opportunity is equally flexible. It takes courage, knowledge and perseverance to seize the opportunity and succeed.

Opportunities only favor those who are fully prepared for the success of their careers. In other words, the east wind is precious only when everything is ready. Therefore, we should not wait for opportunities there, but study hard and work hard to qualify ourselves. On the basis of long-term hard preparation, once we seize the opportunity, we can be like a duck to water and make great achievements.

The success of any undertaking, especially a big undertaking, may encounter risks and setbacks. Once you encounter setbacks, don't "treat the present as eternity and the temporary as eternity". Many people's failures stem from this, thinking that once they fail, they will always fail, and once they succeed, they will always be smooth sailing. When we encounter setbacks, we should not complain. Some people always blame, blame society, blame leaders, blame parents, and put the word blame on their backs all their lives. They are so tired that they have accomplished nothing. Always maintaining a positive and optimistic attitude towards life is an indispensable condition for success.

(8) Do what should be done and what can be done.

A person's life is nothing more than being a man and doing things, and the two are interrelated.

Do things, do what you should and can do. It should be a kind of value judgment, that is to say, we should choose something that is beneficial to society, people and country, conforms to laws and regulations and is closely related to our lives.

To do what should be done, we must legislate for our own behavior. The German philosopher Kant pointed out that the process of acquiring knowledge in nature and freedom in society is the process of legislating for nature and for one's own behavior. By legislating for nature, people can obtain scientific knowledge with the law of cause and effect as the content; Freedom based on moral law can be obtained by legislating for one's own behavior. Kant also believes that in the aesthetic field, human rationality is manifested in judgment, which makes people feel aesthetic. Therefore, it can also be said that judgment is people's legislation in the aesthetic field.

In doing things, people mainly face the relationship between man and nature, between man and others, and between man and himself. In dealing with the relationship between man and nature, we mainly follow the law of efficiency, requiring people to master scientific knowledge, be true and follow the laws of nature. In dealing with the relationship between people, we mainly follow the law of fairness, require people to have moral personality, demand goodness, and safeguard and promote the interests of groups and countries. In dealing with the relationship between man and himself, we mainly follow the law of transcendence and ask people to create beauty according to the law of beauty. We should achieve the unity of truth, goodness and beauty, that is, the unity of opposites among the universe, human groups and individuals.

We should not only do what we should do, but also do what we can. There are many things that should be done in the world, but it depends on whether it is enough. For example, should we China people have cars and houses like Americans? Should! Absolutely! We in China are by no means inferior to Americans in intelligence and hard work. But no, no, at least not now. We have a weak foundation, a small land and a large population. If people in China spend like the United States, there must be at least two or three earths.

What we do is limited by history. Man can only create history under the established historical conditions, and cannot surpass it. What we do is limited by environmental conditions. Looking back on our reform process in the past 20 years, one of the reasons why some reforms failed was that we ignored the influence of environmental conditions. What we do is limited by our own abilities, qualities and hobbies. We should have a clear understanding and analysis of ourselves, choose the career and work that is most suitable for our development, and make our life glow to the maximum.

Look at people around us. Some people can't do what they can, but they always do what they can't. They have worked hard all their lives, but they are too tired to accomplish anything. We should learn from it.

(9) The key is to improve the quality.

When I was doing a graduate survey, an alumnus said with deep experience that the key to adapting to society and moving towards success lies in one's own quality. Four years of undergraduate course is mainly to cultivate students' quality. He also used the analogy of athletes, thinking that whether you are engaged in ball games or track and field sports, athletes should carry out physical training. Facts show that a high-quality person will take the initiative to find the target space for development, adjust his development direction at any time, strive to innovate, correctly handle all kinds of interpersonal relationships, and succeed in his career.

Quality, in short, is people's inner cultivation and quality, and it is the overall level of people's physical and mental development formed under the joint action of the day before and the day after. The biggest feature of quality is internal, essence rather than purpose, internal rather than surface, quality rather than quantity. But it can be manifested through external forms, such as a person's behavior, including behavior norms, habits, and attitudes towards people and things; Thinking quality, including the mode, way and depth of thinking, as well as independence, agility and creativity; Spiritual realm, including the degree of self-transcendence, dedication, the height of dealing with various relationships in theory and practice, and so on.

Another feature of quality is comprehensiveness. Quality includes ideological and moral quality, cultural quality, professional quality and physical and mental quality, among which ideological and moral quality is the foundation and cultural quality is the foundation. For students, we should attach great importance to the cultivation of innovative ability, practical ability and entrepreneurial spirit.

How to improve the quality, American scholar Laue said: "Education is nothing more than what remains after you forget what you have learned." The rest is quality. To improve one's own quality, one must first study, extensively study humanities knowledge, enrich oneself with extensive knowledge, improve oneself and broaden one's horizons. But knowledge is not equal to quality. We should internalize knowledge into quality and spirit through efforts. People eat beef instead of beef and pork instead of pork. Why? Because people have digestive function. Similarly, people should have a mechanism to internalize knowledge into quality.

First of all, we should actively participate in various activities and practices in school and society, start with our own words and deeds, do it bit by bit, and use our own life, life, words and deeds to embody our chosen "Tao" and become our own behavior habits.

Second, have feelings. "If you are fascinated by it, enlightenment is sacred", which means that the difference between mortals and saints lies in the word "enlightenment". There are many reasons to use our own life experiences, experiences and knowledge to understand, to understand science and to understand philosophy of life. If you understand them, you will benefit for life. Lei Feng said that human life is limited and serving the people is infinite. Putting limited life into the infinity of serving the people is the best life experience.

Thirdly, we should actively participate in the campus cultural atmosphere, feel and experience, constantly communicate and collide with it, and enrich ourselves and improve ourselves in the exchange of information.