Malaysia
Malaysia, located at the junction of the Asian continent and Southeast Asian islands, consists of two unconnected lands, and West Malaysia is located in the southern half of the Malay Peninsula; East Malaysia is located in the north of Borneo Island, and the vast waters of the South China Sea are separated between East Malaysia and West Malaysia. Its land area is more than 330,000 square kilometers and its population is more than 20 million.
Malaysia is close to the equator and surrounded by the sea, with a total coastline of 1000 km. It has a typical tropical maritime climate with high temperature and rain all year round and high relative humidity. The whole year is divided into dry season and rainy season. Malaysia is rich in natural resources and is an important producer of natural rubber, palm oil and tin in the world. In addition, Malaysia is rich in oil and natural gas resources and is a major exporter of natural gas in Southeast Asia. There are thousands of plants, mainly tropical trees.
* * * Malaysia has 1 1 states and 2 federal municipalities. Kuala Lumpur, the capital, is the political, economic and cultural center of the country and the largest industrial and commercial city in the country.
Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country, in which Malays and other aborigines account for 59%, Chinese account for 3 1.3%, Indians and Pakistanis account for 6.3%, and the rest are other ethnic minorities.
In Malaysia, there are Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and some primitive religions besides Islam, which has been identified as the state religion.
Malaysia's national education implements a perfect education system from preschool education to higher education, namely:
Preschool education (2-3 years old)
Primary education (5-7 years old)
Junior high school education (3 years)
High school education (2 years)
Extended middle school classes (referring to Form VI) or pre-university education (1-2 years)
Higher education-undergraduate courses (3-5 years)-postgraduate courses (1-5 years)
All primary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools and extended classes in secondary schools have a national examination system. In Malaysia, education is the responsibility of the government. The government provides 1 1 year free education for primary schools (6 years) and secondary schools (5 years), but it is not compulsory. From the age of 7, children enter primary school to graduate from university to get a bachelor's degree, and their age is generally around 22.
Classification of educational institutions
Educational institutions under Malaysia's national education system are mainly composed of two parts:
(1) Public educational institutions-funded or subsidized by the government.
(2) Private (or independent) educational institutions-funded by the private sector.
In Malaysia, most primary and secondary schools are funded or subsidized by the government; Private primary and secondary schools account for only a small part. The scope of higher education includes diploma courses, diploma courses, bachelor's degree courses and advanced master's and doctoral degree courses.
University education
Malaysia has 10 local national universities, 1 international universities and 1 advanced technical colleges, all of which offer bachelor's degree courses and master's and doctoral degree courses. Holders of Malaysian Diploma in Higher Education (STPM) and matriculation diploma or equivalent qualifications can apply for university study.
12 The National University of Malaysia is as follows:
University of Malaya (UM)
2) Saint University of Malaysia (USM)
3) Technical University of Malaysia (UTM)
4) National University of Malaysia (UKM)
5) UPM Putra University of Boutra University.
6) University of Uuttala (UUM)
7) UNIMAS, Sarawak University, Malaysia.
8) University of Sabah, Malaysia (UMS), University of Sabah, Malaysia
9) Sultan Dawlis University of Education (UPSI).
10) Malaysia International Islamic University
1 1) Hussein Onn University of Technology (ITT He), Shen Huweng Institute of Advanced Technology.
12) UTMARA, Technical University of Mara.
Except International Islamic University in Malaysia, other 1 1 national universities are wholly owned by the government. Although the International Islamic University in Malaysia was established by the Malaysian government, it operates as a company. The university board of directors represents the governments and sponsoring organizations of all sponsoring countries. Malaysia is the host country, and other countries and organizations include Maldives, Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Libya, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the Organization of the Islamic Conference.
Other forms of higher education
Although the National University of Malaysia enrolls 80,000 freshmen every year, it still cannot meet the rapidly growing social needs. In the past decade, Malaysia has continuously increased the number of branches of national universities, private universities and foreign universities to meet the sustained and strong growth demand of domestic and foreign students for higher education.
In order to provide more opportunities for higher education, distance education has also developed rapidly. In the development of distance education, universities in various countries have set up multinational groups one after another to realize the teaching of emerging science and technology basic knowledge degree courses through distance teaching. 1997 "regulations on private educational institutions (distance education)" has set a clear development direction and basic guidelines for distance education.
Indonesia
The full names of Indonesia and China are located in Southeast Asia, bordering Malaysia and Brunei in the north; The northwest is adjacent to Malaysia and Singapore across the Straits of Malacca; The northeast faces the Philippine Islands across the Sulawesi Sea and Balahong Strait. Southeast is opposite to Australia; The southwest and west face the Indian Ocean. Indonesia is the country with the largest land area and the largest population in Southeast Asia. The sea area under the jurisdiction of Indonesia is four times larger than the land, with a total coastline of 35,000 kilometers. Indonesia is also an archipelagic country with the largest number of islands in the world, and is known as the "country of thousands of islands".
In physical geography, Indonesia can be divided into four units: Greater sunda islands, lesser sunda islands, Maluku Islands and Irian Jaya Island. Indonesia is located on both sides of the equator and has a tropical maritime climate. It is wet and rainy all year round, with an average temperature of about 25℃ and a small monthly temperature difference. Indonesia has abundant rainfall, and the high temperature and rainy climate is conducive to plant growth. The per capita forest area in China is nearly 1 hectare. Indonesia is rich in resources and products. Among them, the export volume of liquefied natural gas ranks first in the world, the output of oil ranks first in Southeast Asia, the output of tin ore sand ranks second in Southeast Asia and third in the world. The superior geographical location and climatic conditions make Indonesia the second largest producer of tropical crops in the world after Brazil.
Indonesian ethnic groups are subdivided into Malays and more than 300 ethnic groups under melanesians, with Javanese being the largest ethnic group and some foreign ethnic groups. The official language is Indonesian.
The main religions that Indonesians believe in are Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism and Buddhism. Among them, Islam has an extremely extensive and far-reaching influence on Indonesia's politics, economy, culture, education and even customs.
Viet Nam
Vietnam, the full name of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Located in the eastern part of Indian zhina Peninsula, facing the sea in the east and south; The north borders China, Yunnan and Guangxi; The west and southwest are adjacent to Laos and Cambodia. The total length of the land border is 3,920 kilometers (the distance on the map of China, the same below), and the total length of the coastline is 3,260 kilometers. Vietnam has a long and narrow terrain in the shape of "S", with a total area of more than 329,000 square kilometers.
Vietnam is a mountainous country, and 3/4 of its territory is covered by mountains and plateaus. The plains are mainly distributed in the Red River Delta, Mekong River Delta and coastal areas, and are mostly formed by alluvial rivers. Vietnam is located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, with tropical and subtropical monsoon climate, high temperature, high humidity and many storms. The annual average temperature is about 24℃, and the four seasons are not clear, but the dry season and rainy season are obvious. There are many kinds of mineral resources in Vietnam, and there are more than 90 kinds of proven mineral resources, among which coal, iron, asbestos, oil, natural gas and mineral water have more reserves or industrial exploitation value. Vietnam's hot and humid climate and fertile land are conducive to the growth of various animals and plants.
Vietnam is a multi-ethnic country with more than 50 ethnic groups, which are divided into three major language families: South Asian, Austronesian and Sino-Tibetan. The main religions are Mahayana Buddhism, Hinayana Buddhism, Gaoyun Buddhism, He Hao Buddhism and Catholicism. In addition, there are remnants of religions such as Taoism and Confucianism.
The main industrial and commercial cities in Vietnam are Hanoi in the north, Saigon in the south and Haiphong in the middle. Hanoi, the capital, is the official language.
Thailand
Thailand means "king of thailand". It is located in the middle of Indochina Peninsula, bordering Myanmar in the west. Laos in the northeast; Bordering Cambodia in the southeast; It borders the Gulf of Thailand in the south, with a land area of 510.3 million square kilometers. In addition to the mainland, Thailand's neighboring areas include the northeastern and central parts of the Malay Peninsula and some islands on the east coast of the peninsula. According to natural conditions and altitude, the whole country can be divided into four economic and geographical regions: the north, the east, the middle and the peninsula, and the terrain gradually rises from the north of Bangkok. The Chao Phraya River, the largest river in China, flows through central Thailand from north to south.
Central Thailand is a plain formed by alluvial rivers such as Chao Phraya River, with fertile land and widely distributed paddy fields, which is the main rice producing area in Thailand. The national climate can be clearly divided into hot season, rainy season and cool season. The monthly average temperature is 22-28℃, and the annual average precipitation is 1000 mm. Thailand has a population of more than 60 million and more than 30 ethnic groups, 40% of whom are Thais. The old clan accounts for 35%; Malay15%; Among the Khmer people, 32% are from China, and there are many other ethnic groups in the mountainous areas. Besides Buddhism, Thailand also believes in Islam, Christianity and Hinduism. The official language is Thai, and English is also widely used.
Thailand is highly internationalized. Several well-known universities in China, such as National Chulalongkorn University, National Mahidol University, Yisancang University in Thailand, Hosei University, Asian Institute of Technology, and Asian University of Science and Technology, all offer international courses, all of which are taught in English, and the textbooks adopted are imported from Europe and America, which are in line with the international teaching system. Compared with the high-quality education standard of Thai universities, its low cost is a highlight to attract students to study in Thailand. The total cost of studying in Thailand for one year is about RMB 38,000-42,000. This is within the power of the working class.
At present, there are 356 international courses in public and private universities in Thailand, and the teaching quality is international, with undergraduate and postgraduate academic systems, including 70 disciplines in 24 universities 122 undergraduate courses; 2 1 Universities have 1 12 disciplines, 176 master's degree programs, and 12 universities have 58 doctoral degree programs in 32 disciplines. Students can use the credit system. Take the hypothetical university of Epson University (also known as Yisancang) as an example. Teaching in English, selected textbooks and courses from famous universities such as Harvard, Yale and Cambridge. Its academic qualifications are recognized by China and the world. According to reports, nearly half of the teachers in the school are foreign teachers from Europe, America and Australia, with more than 2,000 international students. The school has 94 disciplines, among which business administration and computer science are in a leading position in Asia.
This dual course in Thailand goes further than the credit transfer course. After receiving the letter of admission, students who meet the admission requirements are registered in universities in Thailand. All the textbooks of foreign cooperative universities are adopted, and the two-place learning system is adopted. After graduation, they can get a joint diploma from two universities. Eligible students can choose to go to foreign universities for further study: those who have studied in joint courses for 65,438+0-2 years and passed the examination, and have no bad records during their study, can be issued an admission notice by foreign joint schools, and then these institutions of higher learning and accepted foreign joint schools can directly apply for a visa to transfer to a third country at the embassies of European and American countries in Bangkok. The key to handling this visa is that the students' grades must meet the requirements of the admitted institutions and have the necessary financial guarantee.
Thailand's education system adopts six years of primary school, three years of junior high school, three years of senior high school, four years of university, two to four years of master's degree and three to five years of doctor's degree, which is similar to our country. So studying in Thailand is not a problem. In addition to the Ministry of Education, Thailand has also established the University Affairs Department, which is similar to the Higher Education Department of the Ministry of Education in China and is directly responsible for student education. The list of universities recognized by the Ministry of University Affairs of Thailand is published on www.inter.mua.go.th You can find out the location, establishment time, number of students, number of faculty and staff and degree type of state and private universities.
Myanmar (Southeast Asian countries)
Myanmar is located in the west of Indochina Peninsula, bordering China in the north; The northwest borders Bangladesh and India; Southwest near the Bay of Bengal; Adjacent to Laos and Thailand in the east, it is the largest country in Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. The terrain of the whole country is high in the north and low in the south. Several big rivers all originate in China, and the upper reaches of salween are the Nujiang River in China. Irrawaddy River originates from Longchuan River in China.
Myanmar has a monsoon tropical rainforest climate, but due to the different topography and the distance from the ocean, the whole year is obviously divided into three seasons: March to May is summer; June-10 is the rainy season; 1 1- February of the following year is the cool season. The average precipitation is 3000-5000 mm, most of which is rainstorm, with the most precipitation in July.
China has a territory of over 670,000 square kilometers, a population of over 40 million and more than 40 nationalities. All ethnic groups mainly belong to three major language families: Sino-Tibetan, South Asian and Austronesian. The main ethnic group is Burmese. 80% people believe in Buddhism.
Yangon, the capital of Myanmar (Myanmar means invincible), has many Shwedagon Pagodas, monks, nuns, Buddhist temples and stupas. Some people call Myanmar "the country of ten thousand towers".
Singapore
Singapore is located at the southern tip of Malay Peninsula. East to the South China Sea; Malacca Strait in the Western Dynasty; South across the Singapore Strait, facing Indonesia; Malaysia borders the Johor Strait to the north. Singapore consists of more than 50 islands with an area of more than 640 square kilometers. Singapore, located in the center of Southeast Asia, is an important port and the crossroads of urban maritime traffic. It is a maritime transportation hub in Asia, Australia, Europe and Africa.
Singapore has a tropical maritime climate, with high temperature and rainy all the year round, with an average annual temperature of 24℃-27℃ and an average precipitation of about 2400 mm. This climate is suitable for plant growth, so it is rich in plant resources, mostly tropical lowland evergreen plants. But natural resources and products are scarce.
Singapore is basically an immigrant country, and its main residents are Chinese, Malays and Indians.
The government stipulates that Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil are the official languages, Malay is the national language and English is the main official language, which has become the common language of all ethnic groups in Singapore.
The religious beliefs of all ethnic groups in Singapore are divided into: Chinese mostly believe in Taoism or Buddhism; A few people believe in Catholicism or Christianity; Malay descendants basically believe in Islam; Indians believe in Hinduism, and most Pakistanis believe in Islam. In addition, there are many small religious groups in Singapore.
preschool education
Children aged 3-6 can attend kindergartens, which offer three-year preschool courses (nursery, K 1 and K2). The daily projects of each grade include developing language reading ability, basic arithmetic concepts, simple scientific knowledge, social skills, ability to create and solve problems, music appreciation, sports, outdoor activities and other learning activities. Children can learn two languages, English and their mother tongue. Most child care centers that can provide reliable day care services (link to ContactSg) can also provide similar preschool courses for children aged 2-6.
primary school
Students aged 7- 12 need to attend six-year primary education in Singapore. At the end of primary education, students need to take the Primary School Graduation Examination (PSLE), which will test major courses such as English, mother tongue, arithmetic and science. In addition to compulsory study courses, students are encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities and community participation activities.
middle school
Students aged 13- 16 need to attend secondary education in Singapore for four to five years. Students will be placed in "special classes", "crash classes", "ordinary classes" (academic classes) or "ordinary classes" (technical classes) (PSLE) according to their grades in the primary school graduation examination. Different courses are designed to satisfy students' learning ability and interest. At the end of middle school, students need to take the GCE' O' level (special/fast course) or GCE' N' level (general course) exam. All students are encouraged to participate in CCA at least once.
Post-secondary school
17-year-old students can choose to attend junior colleges and pre-university colleges to obtain GCE 'A' A' certificate or attend technical schools to obtain academic certificates. The GCE 'A' A' level examination course determines the qualification of students to enter local universities, and technical schools are recognized as quasi-vocational schools. After completing technical school studies, students who have obtained academic certificates can receive higher education according to their achievements.
Technical/business school
The Institute of Technical Education (ITE) provides technical and business courses for graduates and staff, and teaches them skills and knowledge through systematic training and internship courses. Students with GCE' o' o' and' n' certificates can attend full-time technical and business courses in any of ITE's ten training colleges.
University education
The National University of Singapore (NUS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and Singapore Management University (SMU) award degrees in technical, scientific, commercial and artistic disciplines. Local or international students with excellent GCE 'A' A' certificate, technical school diploma or equivalent certificate can apply for university admission directly.
Brunei
Brunei Sarudalan Island is located in the north of kalimantan island, bordering Sarawak on three sides and the South China Sea on the north. Bandar seri begawan, the capital, has a national area of about 5,800 square kilometers and a population of nearly 300,000. Most residents live by the sea and river banks, and most of the population are immigrants.
Brunei is mountainous inland, with plains along the coast, relatively high in the east and swampy in the west, with a tropical climate, hot and rainy, and no seasonal differences. Brunei is rich in oil and is known as "a country floating on oil".
Residents are mainly composed of Malays, local aborigines and Chinese. The official language is Malay and the state religion is Islam.
the Philippines
The Philippines is located in the southeast of Asia and the west of the Pacific Ocean. It is the second largest island country in Southeast Asia after Indonesia, and the whole country consists of 7 107 Oko islands.
The islands in the Philippines are mountainous and the coast is mostly cliffs. Except for a few areas such as the central plain of Luzon Island, there are few plains. There are many volcanoes in this area. Abo volcano in the south of Mindanao is the highest peak in the country, with an altitude of more than 2,900 meters. Agricultural products include rice, coconut, corn, tobacco and so on. There are abundant aquatic products and about 2000 kinds of fish. The Philippines has a monsoon tropical rain forest climate, with high temperature and humidity, rainy weather and many typhoons. The annual average precipitation is more than 4,000 mm, and the annual average temperature is about 27℃. The northern winter is cooler with frost and thin ice.
With a population of over 60 million, the Philippines is densely populated, with more than 90 nationalities and 100 languages, all belonging to Austronesian language family. Tagalog is the national language and English is also widely used. Most residents believe in Catholicism.