The rich mining heritage in this area was recently listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List (July 20 19), and there are sites on both sides of the border. On the German side, in Saxony Free State, Freiberg and Annaberg-Bouchholtz can provide tourists with a lot of education about mining, including medieval and modern mining, and how this intensive industry shapes people's lives. The culture of the people who live there. Anyone interested in mining history and early industrialization, or who wants to experience the real Christmas market in Germany, is definitely recommended to visit.
Freburg
Freiburg is only an hour's train ride from Dresden, and its history can be traced back to AD 1 168. At that time, the forest area was under the control of Marquis Maison. A silver mine was found near a small settlement in Christiandorf, which led to the establishment of the city. Freiberg's name comes from the mining right belonging to "free miners". The mining industry became a very important source of income for Otto II, Marquis of Mycenae (A.D.1156-1190). Now you can see the large statue of the city's "founder" in the main square of the historic downtown. After the discovery of silver mine, Freiburg's importance and wealth increased rapidly, and it was the economic center and mint of Saxony until16th century. The mining industry in Freburg continued for 800 years until the mine finally closed at 1968.
Today, Freiburg is a vibrant and charming city with many exciting attractions, including15th century city hall and St. Mary's Cathedral, which was first signed as a Roman cathedral in180. Its current buildings can be traced back to 1500. In the south of the cathedral, you can visit a part of the old church, Golden Gate, which is a richly decorated sandstone portal built in A.D. 1230.
Although the town was destroyed by fire many times in the Thirty Years' War and suffered heavy losses, most of the medieval town still stands.
Although this small town was destroyed by fire many times in the Thirty Years' War (A.D. 16 18- 1648) and suffered heavy losses, most parts of this medieval town still stand. Strolling through the historical center, one architectural feature is particularly striking: Gothic aristocratic residence with very high and steep roof structure. Obermakt, the main square, is definitely worth a visit, where you can see the statue of the rich Otto and the beautiful city hall. On the north side of the square, you can also marvel at a gate with complicated carvings, depicting hard-working miners.
It is impossible to visit this city if you are not attracted by the rich mining history and culture. For more information, visitors are advised to spend several hours visiting freiberg City and the Mining Museum. Located in an amazing late Gothic building, it is one of the oldest museums in Saxony and was built in 186 1 year. The museum is full of tools, works of art, photos and other objects, which are related to the mining work of various eras or the prosperous culture of the mining industry. In addition, anyone should visit Dunstan Castle in Froy, where Terra Mineralia, a mineral exhibition, exhibits more than 3,500 kinds of minerals, precious stones and meteorites. Sponsored by Berg Akademie Freiberg University of Technology, the oldest university of mining and metallurgy in the world, this exhibition is a real treasure house filled with gems from all over the world.
Annaberg-Bouchholtz
To understand the rich mining heritage in this area, any traveler's next stop should be Annaberg-Bucholcz. Annaberg was named after the miner's guardian Saint Anne, and was built at the end of 15, when silver was discovered there. The city prospered because of the wealth brought by mines. Walking on the steep streets with beautiful scenery in medieval towns, culture and heritage can still be seen everywhere. Like Freburg, there is also a museum that tells the history of the city and its deep connection with the mining industry, namely the Ore Mountain Museum. It is also very old, because it was built in A.D. 1887. Here, you can not only learn about the life of miners, but also learn about the ancient crafts of tin smiths, potters and ornament manufacturers.
The scenic spot not to be missed is Saint Anne Church at the top of these steep streets. This is a late Gothic hall church built between 1499 and 1525. It is beautifully decorated and is famous for its obvious connection with the strong mining culture in this area. An example of this connection is the miners depicted on the stairs at the bottom of the pulpit-this is not a typical religious image!
In addition, the mining heritage is most obvious on the back of the altar of Annaberg Mountain, which was listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a part of the Earl Mountain mining area in 20 19 AD. The altar drawn by Hans Hesse (A.D. 1470- 1539) depicts different types of work in or related to mines. It is interesting to study this painting and imagine all the men (and some women) who have spent their lives in and around the mine for centuries. Today, hours of hard work and dangerous conditions in complete darkness are almost incomprehensible to most people.
Within walking distance from the church and the town center, you can visit the Fronauer Hammer Museum in the village of Fronauer, which is now part of Annaberg-Bouchholtz. The most wonderful part of the museum is the well-preserved hammer forging furnace, where you can experience the real17-18th century ce hammer forging furnace. The background is the sound of torches and waterwheels burning. You can see which tools and machines are used to shape and forge metals in mines into coins, tools and so on.
Visiting the furnace is definitely a magical experience, where you really feel back in the past. On the other side of the street, you can also visit the owner's manor of the forging factory, which still retains the interior of the18th century. Here, you can learn another important aspect of the culture and tradition of the ore mountain: the production of spool woven lace. Barbara Uthman (A.D.15141575), a CE entrepreneur in the 6th century A.D./KLOC-0, introduced spool lace production to this area and became an important source of income in this area after mining. In addition, there is also a part of the museum dedicated to displaying folk sculpture art and mining-related art.
Visit a mine
After learning so much mining culture, it is not a complete mine trip without really entering the mine. In the Annaberg-Bouchholtz area, you can visit Markus Rohling Stolln tourist mine, which was active in the silver and cobalt industry from 1733 to 1857, and later in the uranium industry under the leadership of SAG Wi *** ut. With your helmet and proper equipment, the mine tram will take you 600 meters into the mine. Here, you will be guided by a tour guide to visit different technologies and tools used in different periods, from candles, hammers and chisels to automatic drills and explosives. When using a hammer and chisel, it is normal to cut out about 3 cm of rock every day-not much hammering all day! It makes you wonder where the motivation of these miners comes from.
Because different parts of the mine are dedicated to different time periods, it is very interesting to track the development of the industry and the increasingly advanced machinery. You will also see advanced water wheel and pump systems, which are built to prevent rising water from entering the mine. Today, many lower floors are underwater, but the waterwheels are still running. If you are lucky, they may open it, so that you can really understand how it works.
Another mine worth visiting is the exhibition mine in Freiburg, Silber Bergwerk Freiberg. The guide will take you 60-180m underground. The mine provides a complete set of equipment, including helmets, boots and work clothes. You will go down to Reiche Zeche shaft in a completely dark elevator. You can choose different sightseeing projects and pay attention to different time periods and different parts of a large building complex called "Underground freiberg". You will learn about different metals and different mining techniques found here, as well as stories and myths related to dark underground dangerous life. It is particularly interesting to visit this mine, because it is still an active mine, although mineral mining has stopped. Students and scholars of Frejborg University of Technology continue their research here. They even have a classroom more than 0/00 meters underground/kloc!
Christmas in the mountains of Ors.
Exquisite Christmas markets are becoming more and more popular in Europe and other regions, but the most primitive and authentic Christmas markets can be found in Germany. The Christmas markets in Mount Rush are well worth visiting, not only because of their authenticity, but also because the Christmas tradition is closely related to the mining culture in this area. Christmas traditions from this small part of the world have now been integrated into the Christmas decorations of most Europeans, and this area is even called "the hometown of Christmas". The most obvious mining element in Ershi Mountain is Mettenschicht, or miner. Mettenschicht is to celebrate the last miners before Christmas, with traditional food, music and people wearing miners' uniforms.
Wooden Christmas figures, which are now crucial to a correct Christmas, were originally made in these mountainous areas. Around Christmas, wood carvings, toy figures, pyramids and nutcrackers were exhibited in towns such as freiberg and Annaberg. The tradition of sculpture has a long history and is closely related to the mining culture in this area. Since16th century, miners who lost their jobs in unstable times had to make money in other ways. Then, they began to carve wooden figures with exquisite craftsmanship they learned in the mine. Their patterns are usually related to special celebrations such as mine life or Christmas. It has become an important aspect of folk art in Ershi mountain area, and now it is an important part of Christmas tradition in this area and many other parts of the world. A special type of wooden figure is particularly charming; A heavy smoker is hollow and can put incense there.
Celebrating the light has always been an important part of the Christmas tradition in the northern hemisphere, because it is related to the early tradition of celebrating the winter solstice and the return of the sun. But in the mining area, the attention to light is particularly prominent, because it is the most sought after "luxury" among miners. In winter, if the weather is fine, miners can't see the day except going to church on Sunday. Therefore, Christmas is a time to celebrate the light and provide a colorful, warm and comfortable atmosphere for miners who are surrounded by cold and darkness most of the time. When you visit these incredible Christmas markets, the wonderful and magical atmosphere that focuses on lighting also comes from the darkness in the deep mine.
refer to
St Mary's Cathedral was visited on 20 19 12 10.
Freburg | Germans visited on 20 19 12 16.
Freiburg, an ancient city with a long history, visited on 20 19+02+06.
Marcus r? Hling Stolln visited on February 6th, 2009 +2065438+2009.
20 19 12 16 visited the mineral exhibition Terra Mineralia.
Telephone number of Saint Anne Church: 20 19 12 16.