The construction of dormitory culture in colleges and universities has always been recognized as an important part of campus culture construction and the main front for ideological and political education. Students are the main body of dormitory culture construction. At present, there are some cognitive deviations in the positioning and utility of dormitory functions, and there are also vacancies in dormitory management and cultural construction. It is necessary to divide the functions of dormitory culture into surface education function, middle education function and deep education function from the outside to the inside, and gradually build the working mode of dormitory culture education according to the characteristics and needs of students, so as to enhance the pertinence and timeliness of dormitory culture education function in the new period.

Keywords: dormitory for college students; Cultural function; Education model

College dormitory is the main place for college students to live and live, bearing the most basic space and environmental functions such as study, life and communication. In addition, as a part of campus culture in colleges and universities, dormitories further derive a series of cultural value functions, and play an extremely important role as a platform and carrier of ideological and political education and quality education for students in colleges and universities. Repositioning the cultural function of dormitory, clarifying its connotation and level, understanding the real situation and existing problems of dormitory function at present, and fully tapping its educational value are important topics in moral education in colleges and universities. It is imperative to deeply explore the cultural function and educational path of dormitory.

First, the connotation and level of dormitory cultural function

At present, around the key words such as "carrier, subject, content, core and purpose", different scholars have given roughly similar definitions to the connotation research results of dormitory culture. Generally speaking, dormitory culture must take the dormitory environment as the concrete carrier, the embodiment of college students' values as the core, and dormitory members as the main body, and complete the content shaping of material culture, institutional culture and spiritual culture in practice, so as to create a harmonious dormitory cultural atmosphere and cultivate students' healthy personality. The above concepts can be regarded as the broad connotation of dormitory cultural functions. In a narrow sense, the cultural function of dormitory refers to the dynamic, continuous and ever-increasing constraint, guidance and integration of educational functions on dormitory individuals and groups in the process of optimizing dormitory environment (including hard environment and soft environment). Regarding the division of dormitory cultural functions, some scholars divide it into three parts according to the content: education orientation, incentive shaping and independent restraint; Some scholars divide it into material culture, spiritual culture and institutional culture, and think that dormitory culture has the functions of adjustment, aesthetic education and moral education. Some scholars define the cultural function of dormitory from four aspects: material culture, institutional culture, behavioral culture and spiritual culture. Whether it is a macro classification or a specific division of dormitory cultural functions, it has certain reference value. The author thinks that the cultural function of dormitory can be divided into three levels in connotation and practice: the surface education function, the middle education function and the deep education function. The first is the surface layer, which mainly refers to the aesthetic education functions such as the optimization of dormitory living environment and the cultivation of noble living atmosphere. Guide and cultivate students' pursuit of environmental beauty, residential beauty and their own beauty, urge students to beautify and optimize their dormitory living environment, create and maintain good sanitary and living conditions, and help students develop a positive attitude towards life, a healthy lifestyle, good living habits and noble life sentiments; The second is the middle level, which refers to the moral education functions such as improving self-restraint ability, establishing good interpersonal relationship and cultivating social responsibility consciousness. Form a dormitory cultural environment to improve self-discipline and self-standardization, guide students to maintain dormitory codes and moral norms, think from the perspective of others, build harmonious interpersonal relationships, continuously improve college students' awareness of rules and morality, and lay a solid foundation for becoming excellent citizens; Finally, it is deep. The cultural function of dormitory can extend the educational functions such as quality improvement, innovative thinking and teamwork. Use various activity platforms and forms to cultivate and improve students' ideological education, cultural edification, cultural infiltration and comprehensive quality training. The function of Shenzhen University Dormitory plays an important role in maintaining and improving the educational environment and atmosphere of the whole university.

Second, the present situation and problems of dormitory cultural function.

In order to better understand the current college students' cognition and satisfaction with the overall function of the dormitory and grasp the general situation of the cultural function of the dormitory, the author designed a questionnaire on the cultural construction of college students' apartments, conducted a survey on students of various majors in colleges and universities in the province by random sampling, distributed 1000 questionnaires, and recovered 8 12 valid questionnaires. The basic situation of the students interviewed is as follows: 76.3% are junior students, 58.6% are urban students, 86.7% are students with average family economic conditions, 64.2% of the students interviewed have lived in schools, about half of the dormitory members are students from other provinces, and 86.9% are students from the same department in the dormitory. According to the survey, in the attribute definition of dormitory function (as shown in figure 1), nearly 80% of the students think that the dormitory is a place to rest and sleep, followed by different functions such as study place (8.37%), interpersonal communication (7.88%) and leisure and entertainment (4.06%). In the survey, it was found that most of the students interviewed said that schools and colleges have relevant dormitory management rules and regulations, and there are fixed managers to conduct regular routine inspections on the hygiene and safe use of electricity in dormitories. However, when asked about specific safety knowledge, about 35% of the students said they were unclear, which can be used as the key work to strengthen dormitory safety education in the next step. In addition, the students interviewed generally reported that in the first year of enrollment, the college held related activities such as the selection of elegant houses, which played a good role in optimizing the dormitory environment and enhancing the cohesion of members. The word "dormitory convention" is involved in the questionnaire and its concept is extended. The convention mentioned here is not only limited to the sanitary cleaning and management system of dormitory, but also includes developing a good lifestyle, learning and expanding, getting along with people and many other aspects. According to the survey, 4 1.3% of the respondents believe that the "dormitory convention" is conducive to the development of good living and study habits, and 4 1% of the respondents believe that the "dormitory convention" is conducive to the harmonious coexistence of roommates, that is, most of the students interviewed agree with the "dormitory convention". 4 1.6% of the respondents said that the "Dormitory Convention" had been established, or whether there were similar agreements such as sanitary rotation and work and rest regulations. The questionnaire also involves the investigation of the deep cultural functions of some dormitories, such as "What do you think is the most important influence of dormitory culture construction on college students" and "Does the school or college carry out cultural activities with the theme of dormitory", but the answers given are basically not involved or understood, and students' positioning of dormitory culture is too one-sided and their overall functions are limited. At present, the construction of dormitory culture has passed the test of software and hardware, and most colleges and universities can not fully provide comfortable and high-energy accommodation conditions. There are still some problems in dormitory management, such as absence and lack of humanization. At the same time, the main role of college students in the construction of dormitory culture is not obvious, and their self-appeal is strong. No substantial progress has been made in dormitory construction guided by positive dormitory cultural atmosphere, and the proportion of students' lack of participation or initiative in dormitory construction is large, and dormitory cultural construction is facing the dual dilemma of subject and object.

Third, create a new mode of dormitory cultural function practice.

The function of dormitory culture reflects different levels from the outside to the inside. In view of the current functional status and problems, we can break through the existing forms of activities and innovate and develop a new mode of educating people in dormitory culture in practice. The specific content of this model is as follows: the cultural function of dormitory is divided into three levels: surface (appearance), medium (appearance) and deep (elegance), and then the three levels are divided into three subsystems according to the principle of from the surface to the inside and step by step. Under the guidance of this model, the appearance (living environment, living environment and development environment) and appearance (convention construction and system construction) will be formed, and a series of dormitory cultural brand activities will be gradually infiltrated. The new model of "double three progressive" dormitory culture education should adhere to the working method of "wood" structure: horizontally take "high-level dormitory culture construction to educate people" as the goal, vertically carry out activities step by step through three levels of dormitory culture, and at the same time rely on two organizational channels: student organizations and dormitory units to carry out activities and actively guarantee them. During the operation, the following points should be noted. First, the system is drafted, highlighting the word "all". On the surface level, strengthen the construction of dormitory hardware environment, establish a "weekly cleaning, dormitory inspection" repair operation mode, and establish a dormitory weekly health inspection system to ensure a clean living environment; From the middle level, each dormitory has agreed on contracts from the aspects of health duty, public property protection, water and electricity fire safety, work and rest discipline, and implemented the "dormitory leadership flow" mechanism to strictly guarantee the safety of student dormitories from the institutional level. Second, grasp the content and highlight the word "appropriate". It is not difficult to design activities under the new mode of "double three-step" dormitory cultural education, but the key is to go deep into students, find out the needs and have a clear aim. Facing the growing innovation consciousness and entrepreneurial passion of post-90 s college students, carry out creative challenges in the dormitory; Carry out caring activities for seniors and sisters when freshmen enter school; In view of the interpersonal communication problems in dormitories, we should carry out similar "noise elimination" actions to resolve contradictions, enhance the feelings of roommates through "dormitory contact" and implement civilized etiquette in daily life. Third, implement and highlight the word "real". In order to make the dormitory culture construction vivid, vivid, complete and effective, we must adhere to the word "real". Never do superficial work and become a mere formality. The design idea of individuality fully mobilized students' subjective initiative, and under the guarantee of the system, all activities went smoothly. Weekly dormitory hygiene inspection, dormitory directors' meetings are held regularly and orderly, and various excellent dormitory activities also arrive as scheduled, providing a display platform for the dormitory, stimulating collective creativity, strengthening communication, interaction and understanding, making the activities deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and implementing the effect. Fourth, keep pace with the times and highlight the word "new". In order to maintain the long-term vitality of the "new model of double-three progressive dormitory culture and education", we should take into account innovation and the times on the basis of maintaining traditional fine activities. Activities should not only be combined with quality development, competitive competitions and other forms, but also enhance visibility and entertainment. At the same time, the educational standpoint cannot be confined to the dormitory. It is necessary to combine indoor culture with outdoor culture, explore new activities, hold a new perspective of activities, and be good at breaking through the original relationship model of dormitory members, so that they are not only roommates, but also friends of study and practice, and study together and grow together in the university campus.

References:

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[2] Fang Xiaonian. Moral Education Function of University Dormitory Culture Construction [J]. Ideological and Theoretical Education Guide, 2004(05).

[3] Sun Lianming. Scientific construction of college students' dormitory culture construction mode in the new era [J]. Research on Ideological Education, 20 12(08).

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