Entrepreneurship education is very important for cultivating individual initiative and adventurous spirit, the ability to start a business and work independently, as well as technical, social and management skills. UNESCO requires colleges and universities to take entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurship as the basic goals of higher education and raise them to the same important position as academic research and vocational education.
Entrepreneurship education is essentially an educational activity to cultivate students' entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial quality and entrepreneurial skills, that is, to cultivate students' ways and means to adapt to social survival, improve their ability and start their own businesses.
Entrepreneurship education among college students is actually a part of quality education and innovation education for college students, a long-term plan to adapt to the development of knowledge economy, broaden students' employment channels and build a national innovation system, and an expansion of the functions of higher education.
2. Practical experience of foreign college students' entrepreneurship education
Entrepreneurship education has a history of several decades in developed countries such as Europe and America, and has been highly valued. In the United States, millions of students have received entrepreneurship education since primary school, and they have also carried out substantive business activities in the form of "juvenile achievements" to enhance their entrepreneurial awareness and improve their entrepreneurial ability.
The first entrepreneurship education course in the United States was born in 1970 and went to 1980. The first undergraduate entrepreneurship education major was born in babson Business School, Baylor University and the University of Southern California. From 1979 to 1986, the course of small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurship has grown rapidly and flourished. Today, at least 400 colleges and universities in the United States offer one or more entrepreneurship courses, and many top universities also offer entrepreneurship courses and degrees.
Under the pressure of this trend, the famous Harvard Business School changed the compulsory "general management" to "entrepreneurship management", and UCLA has as many as 24 courses related to entrepreneurship. Other famous universities, such as the University of Chicago, MIT and Stanford University, are now committed to this field in order to gain a firm foothold in the trend of the new economy. With the increase of university courses, entrepreneurship seminars provided by private consulting companies, communities and guilds have also expanded.
There are many ways to carry out entrepreneurship education in American university education, and holding the "Campus Entrepreneurship Plan" competition is one of them. The University of Texas at Austin held 1983 for the first time. Since then, Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other universities have held such activities every year. Yahoo was born and grew rapidly in the entrepreneurial atmosphere of Stanford University campus.
Since 1990 initiated the first MIT business plan competition, its graduates and teachers have created 150 new companies on average every year. According to the latest statistics, MIT graduates founded more than 4,000 companies, which employed 165438+ 10,000 people in 1994, creating a total of $232 billion.
According to statistics, by XX, there were more than 65,438+065,438+000 American colleges and universities offering entrepreneurship courses, and more than 50% of them offered at least four entrepreneurship courses. In the process of exploring and implementing entrepreneurship education, the United States has gradually formed its own characteristics of entrepreneurship education: ① attaching importance to the change of students' employment view, and prompting students to change their passive employment view into active entrepreneurship view; ② Pay attention to the experience of relevant contents of entrepreneurship education, so that students can gain perceptual knowledge of entrepreneurship through experience; (3) Attach importance to the training of teachers and require them to have certain entrepreneurial experience, entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial skills; ④ Entrepreneurship education organizations are very active; ⑤ Entrepreneurship education is funded by some social funds.
At present, many countries in the world attach great importance to entrepreneurship education. In addition to the United States, 26 countries have also carried out similar education. In Australia, entrepreneurship education in universities has been going on for about 40 years.
In fact, entrepreneurship education, as an integral part of cultivating innovative talents, is also highly valued in some underdeveloped countries. Kenya has explored some successful experiences in implementing entrepreneurship education and promoting the development of small enterprises.
First, set up special entrepreneurship education institutions in schools. The Kenyan government stipulates that all qualified vocational schools should set up "entrepreneurship education research room" and "small business center". Second, develop entrepreneurship education courses. The Kenyan government has formulated a curriculum outline for entrepreneurship education. The outline mainly involves entrepreneurship and self-employment, entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial ability, enterprise management, etc., focusing on cultivating vocational school students' entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial ability. Third, strengthen the construction of entrepreneurship education teachers. The government strengthens the construction of entrepreneurship education teachers by holding advanced courses in entrepreneurship education.