(1) Dead Lake Event in North America
The northeastern United States and southeastern Canada are the most industrially developed areas in the western hemisphere, emitting more than 25 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere every year. Among them, about 3.8 million tons drifted from the United States to Canada, and more than 6.5438 million tons drifted from Canada to the United States. Since the 1970s, acid rain has appeared in a large area in these areas. Acid rain is even more sour than tomato juice. Many lakes and ponds are floating with dead fish, and the trees by the lake have withered.
(2) The tanker Cadiz incident.
March 1978, 16, American 220,000-ton supertanker "Yamik? The Kadiz, full of Iranian crude oil, sailed for Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and sank off the coast of Brittany, France, leaking 224,000 tons of crude oil and polluting the 350-kilometer-long coastal zone. More than 9,000 tons of oysters and 20,000 tons of seabirds died alone. The loss of maritime affairs itself exceeds $6,543.8+billion, while the pollution loss and treatment cost reach more than $500 million, which is even more incalculable to the marine ecological environment in the polluted area.
(3) blowout in the Gulf of Mexico.
1On June 3rd, 1979, when the Istok 1 drilling platform was operating in the waters near Yucatan Peninsula in bay of campeche in the southern Gulf of Mexico, a serious blowout and oil leakage suddenly occurred, which seriously polluted the marine environment in the waters.
(4) Death Valley Incident in Kubatang.
Kubatang, 60 kilometers south of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was famous as the "Valley of Death" in the 1980s. Located in the valley, this city introduced more than 300 foreign-funded enterprises such as oil refining, petrochemical and ironmaking in the 1960s, and its population soared to 65.438+0.5 million, making it an industrial satellite city in S? o Paulo. Business owners only pay attention to making money and discharge waste gas and wastewater at will. The valley is full of smoke and smelly water, and 20% people have respiratory allergies. The hospital was crowded with children and elderly people receiving oxygen treatment, which seriously injured 20,000 slum dwellers.
(5) West Germany forest wilt event
There are 7.4 million hectares of forests in former West Germany. By 1983, 34% of them were infected with Fusarium wilt, and the annual dead stock accounted for more than 2 1% of the forest growth in that year, destroying more than 800,000 hectares of forests successively. This blight comes from acid rain. In Bavarian National Park, almost every tree is sick due to the influence of acid rain, and the scenery is completely different. The fir trees in Hesse, which are more than 500 meters above sea level, have died one after another, and 57% of the pine trees in the whole state are terminally ill. The "Black Forest" in Baden-Wü rttemberg is named after the black color of fir and pine, and it is a famous holiday resort in Europe. Half of the trees were infected with Fusarium wilt, and their leaves were yellow-brown, of which 460 thousand mu died completely. Three quarters of the trees in Hamburg are also facing death. At that time, the forests in Ruhr-gebiet were full of bald trees, dead birds and dead bees, and thousands of children in this area were infected with special laryngitis every year.
(6) Bhopal public hazard incident in India
1984 65438+In the early morning of February 3, a public hazard incident occurred in Bhopal, India, which shocked the world. At midnight, the safety valve of a 45-ton methyl isocyanate storage tank in Union Carbide pesticide plant on the outskirts of Bhopal was exposed to toxic gas. 1 hour later, toxic smog hit the city, forming a 25-mile toxic fog-shrouded area in Fiona Fang. First, hundreds of people in two nearby towns died in their sleep. Subsequently, some beggars in the railway station died. When the poisonous fog spread, some residents thought it was a plague arrival, some thought it was an atomic bomb explosion, some thought it was an earthquake, and some thought it was the end of the world. A week later, 2500 people died in this pollution accident, 1000 people were dying, and more than 3000 people were terminally ill. In this pollution accident, 6.5438+0.5 million people were hospitalized because of pollution hazards. Four days after the accident, the number of victims increased at the rate of one person per minute. The accident also caused more than 200,000 people to go blind.
Bhopal public nuisance is the most serious tragedy caused by accidental pollution in history.
(7) Chernobyl nuclear accident
1on the morning of April 27, 986, a nuclear accident suddenly occurred in a group of reactors at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the former Soviet Union, Ukraine, causing a series of serious consequences. Clouds with radioactive substances drifted to Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland with the wind, and the radiation dose in the eastern coastal areas of Sweden was 100 times higher than normal. The nuclear accident affected Ukraine 10% wheat. In addition, the animal husbandry in the former Soviet Union and European countries also suffered huge losses due to water pollution. At that time, it was predicted that this nuclear disaster might cause 654.38+million residents to die of lung cancer and bone cancer in the next decade.
(8) Rhine River pollution incident
1 986165438+1October1Sunday night, a fire broke out in the warehouse of Sundas Chemical Company in Baffo, Switzerland, and the steel storage tank containing 1250 tons of highly toxic pesticides exploded. Poisons such as sulfur, phosphorus and mercury enter the sewer with 100 tons of fire extinguishing agent and are discharged into the Rhine River. The alarm reached 835 kilometers downstream in the coastal cities of Switzerland, Germany, France and the Netherlands. Toxic substances constitute a 70-kilometer-long reddish streamer that flows downstream at a speed of 4 kilometers per hour. The fish in the floating area died, and all the waterworks along the river were closed to deliver water to the residents by car. The Netherlands near Haikou and the sluice gates connected with the Rhine River in the whole country are all closed. The next day, toxic substances from the chemical plant continued to flow into the Rhine, and then the sewer was blocked by plastic. Eight days later, the plug fell off under the pressure of water, and dozens of tons of mercury-containing substances flowed into the Rhine River, causing pollution again. 165438+1October 2 1 day, the cooling system of German Baden Aniline Soda Chemical Company broke down, and 2 tons of pesticides flowed into the Rhine River, which made the poison content in the river water exceed the standard by 200 times. This pollution has seriously damaged the ecology of the Rhine.
(9) Athens "state of emergency"
1989165438+1At 9: 00 am on October 2, the air quality monitoring station in the center of Athens, Greece showed that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air was 3 18mg/m3, which exceeded the national standard (200mg/m3) by 59%, and a red danger signal was issued. 1 1, the concentration rose to 604 mg/m3, exceeding the emergency danger line of 500 mg/m3. The central government immediately declared Athens into a "state of emergency", banning all private cars from driving in the city center, restricting taxis and motorcycles from driving, extinguishing all oil-fired boilers, reducing fuel consumption by 50% in major factories and suspending classes in all schools. At noon, the concentration of carbon dioxide increased to 63 1 mg/m3, exceeding the historical record. The concentration of carbon monoxide also exceeded the danger line. Many citizens have symptoms of poisoning such as headache, fatigue, vomiting and difficulty breathing. Ambulances honked all over the city. In the afternoon 16: 30, bicycle teams wearing gas masks demonstrated in the streets, shouting "Pollution is still us!" "Please install a filter on the exhaust pipe!" .
(10) Gulf War oil pollution incident
It is estimated that 199 1 654.38+0.5 million tons of oil leaked into the Gulf during the Gulf War from August 2 to February 28, 1990. After China's army attacked Iraq 199 1 year, fires broke out everywhere in Kuwaiti oil fields. 65438+1On October 22nd, the Wafra oil field in southern Kuwait was bombed, and the sun was obscured by smoke, and crude oil flowed into the Persian Gulf along the coast. Subsequently, Mina Ahmadi of Kuwait, occupied by Iraq, opened the floodgate and discharged the oil into the sea. Oil pipelines in southern Kuwait also broke everywhere, and crude oil poured into the sea. On October 25th, 65438/kloc-0, an oil belt with a length of 16 km and a width of 3 km was formed on the sea near Saudi Arabia, and it spread southward at a speed of 24 km per day. Part of the oil film caught fire and burned black smoke to block the sun, and "sticky black rain" fell in southern Iran. By February 2, the oil film had widened 16 km, reaching 90 km, approaching Bahrain and endangering Saudi Arabia. Forcing the two countries to erect floating barriers to protect the water source of seawater desalination plants.
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