The mining area is located in the northwest wing of Mudu syncline. Kaolin deposit is formed by the alteration of pyroclastic rocks, rhyolite, acid dikes and argillaceous shale in Yanqiao Formation of Lower Permian. The ore bodies are layered, cystic and vein-shaped. The ore bodies existing on overthrust faults and unconformity surfaces at the bottom of volcanic rocks are larger, while the ore bodies of Yanqiao Formation are smaller. Clay minerals are mainly kaolinite and hydrated kaolinite, followed by montmorillonite, hydromica and sericite. Chemical composition of ore: Al2O3 is generally 30%-39%, SiO2 is 40%-50%, Fe2O3 is 1%-5%, TiO2 is 0.01%-0.30%, and Cao+MgO is 0.03%-0.3. The wall rock alteration mainly includes marble, kaolin and silicification, and there are skarnization, sericitization and pyritization in some areas. The genetic type of the deposit is mainly hydrothermal alteration deposit, followed by weathering deposit.
The Records of Yuanhe County written by Li Jifu in the Tang Dynasty recorded that "Kaiyuan donated 30 Jin of white stone fat", which proved that Suzhou kaolin mine had been mined as early as the Tang Dynasty, with a history of 1000 years. In ancient times, kaolin mines in Yangdong and Yangxi were mainly mined. 1926, private people began to build mines here one after another. After the founding of New China, private mines were shut down or merged. 1954 The state took over and established the local state-owned Suzhou Mining Company.
The systematic investigation and exploration of kaolin deposits in Suzhou began at 1956. Prior to this, only a small number of mine surveys were conducted.
1929, British Inkemen Company was invited to survey Suzhou Yangshan porcelain clay mine, accompanied by engineer Hu. After preliminary investigation, it is confirmed that it has mining value.
1944, the Yangshan investigation team of the Japanese embassy went to Yangshan to investigate and wrote the Investigation Report on the Origin of Yangshan Clay in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, and estimated the ore reserves in Yangdong and Yangxi mining areas to be 6.5438+0.32 million tons.
During 1952, Sun Lai, a student of Geology Department of Nanjing University, visited Yangshan and wrote "Yangshan Baini Mine", summarizing the ore body scale of vein kaolin deposits in Yangdong, Yangxi and south of Guanshan, and proposing that kaolin deposits were formed by hydrothermal alteration.
1954 65438+In February, Associate Professor Fang and Han Tongrong from the Department of Geology of Nanjing University visited Yangshan to collect information for the professor's scientific research on Yangshan kaolin mine. 1May, 957, the preliminary study (abstract) of Yangshan kaolin in Xushuguan, Suzhou was published.
In May, 1956, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Industry set up Suzhou Yangshan Exploration Team to carry out geological survey focusing on finding Yangshan kaolin, and submitted the Report on Geological Survey and Prospect Evaluation of Suzhou Area in August. In the same year, Yangshan orebody was exposed with a small round well in June+1October, 5438, and the Yangyanjing ore section in Yangdong was drilled in June+1October. Since then, a more formal geological survey and exploration of Yangshan Kaolin Mine has begun.
1In March, 958, the drilling team of Jiangsu Provincial Industry Department merged with Suzhou Yangshan Exploration Team to form the exploration team of Jiangsu Provincial Industry Department, which was responsible for the geological exploration of Yangshan Kaolin Mine. 1In July, 958, the exploration team of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Industry was renamed as Suzhou Geological Team of Jiangsu Geological Bureau to continue the geological exploration in this mining area. Through the work of Zhang Haoquan (geological team leader), Yuan Zengsheng (technical director), Wang Daoxiu, Yu Xiangyuan, etc., the geological exploration report of Suzhou Yangshan East Kaolin Mine was submitted in June 5438+0958 10, which was the first exploration report of Suzhou Kaolin Mine, and the available ore reserves of Kaolin Mine were submitted for the first time. /kloc-0. In March, 959, the geological exploration report of Yangshan Kaolin Mine in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province was submitted, and the available ore reserve of Kaolin Mine was 7.87 million tons. At the same time, kaolin mine, Xibailongsi kaolin mine, was discovered in the north of the mining area, and then general survey and exploration were carried out.
In the exploration stage of Yangshan kaolin deposit, Soviet expert Marewansky visited Yangshan at the invitation of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Industry, and put forward specific opinions and suggestions on the geological exploration of Suzhou kaolin deposit, among which the suggestions on finding ore bodies in limestone and trachyte distribution areas played a guiding role in future prospecting. In May, 1957, Professor Sun Nai, Professor Yang Hongda, Hu, Shusheng Chen, etc. also put forward their own opinions on the genesis, geological age and exploration of Yangshan kaolin deposit through special investigation. At the same time, engineer Zheng Zhiyan put forward opinions on the exploration of Yangshan kaolin deposit.
During the period of 1960, the geological team of Suzhou Special Economic Zone (formerly Suzhou Geological Team) carried out supplementary exploration in Yangxi according to the requirements of the Ministry of Geology and Jiangsu Geological Bureau, and at the same time carried out the general survey and prospecting of kaolin deposits around Yangshan. In the year-end summary report, it is suggested that there may be a large kaolin ore body in the trachyte distribution area from the north of Yangshan to Guanshan, and a suggestion to find alunite ore in the altered volcanic rock area is put forward. 196 1 year, the supplementary exploration of Yangxi kaolin mine11-18 line continues to use natural electric field drilling. 1962, Yu Xiangyuan and Li Canhua, the 4th Geological Brigade of Jiangsu Geological Bureau (the former Suzhou Geological Team for short), continued to work on Yangxi11-8 line and 6- 1 1. 1965 submitted the supplementary geological exploration report of line 6- 1 1 in Yangxi mining area of Yangshan kaolin mine in Jiangsu province and the final geological exploration report of line118 in Yangxi mining area of Suzhou kaolin mine in Jiangsu province, which proved that kaolin mine could supply 5.76 million tons of ore.
March 1960, cheng dageng, nonmetallic geological company of the Ministry of construction 102 team, etc. According to the task book issued by the Comprehensive Exploration Institute of the Ministry and the Power of Attorney for the Exploration Task of Suzhou Yangshan Baini Mine, the exploration was carried out in Shaduntou ore section of Yangdong mining area. After June 1962, the iron oxide kaolin open-pit mining block east of Line 27 was selected for exploration. 1964 In March, the Geological Exploration Report of Shaduntou Ore Section in Yangdong Mining Area of Suzhou Yangshan Kaolin Mine was submitted, which proved that the kaolin mine can supply 800,000 tons of ore (including 3 100 tons of iron oxide kaolin mine and 490,000 tons of iron sulfide kaolin mine).
1962, Team 505 (hereinafter referred to as Team 505), Wu (technical director), Jiang Zhensheng, etc. East China Branch of Non-metallic Geological Company of the Ministry of Construction made supplementary exploration for the main ore-bearing area of Baiqiling by using comprehensive exploration methods such as drilling, magnetic method and electrical method, and submitted the Baiyang Mining Area of Suzhou Yangshan Kaolin Deposit at the end of 1963 in June of the same year, continued the exploration of Baiqiling ore section, and completed the field work in 1965. In June, the geological exploration report of Baiqiling kaolin mine in Yangshan, Jiangsu Province was submitted, and the available ore reserves were proved to be1190,000 tons.
In February, Qian Zhicheng and other teams 1964 and 505 conducted a mine inspection in the southwest of Guanshan for about two months, and conducted a detailed ore prospecting in June 1964 to June 1965. In March 1965, Suzhou Guanshan Sand was submitted.
1964, No.4 Geological Team started the general survey of Xibailongsi Kaolin Mine, but stopped its work due to the complex structural, hydrological and engineering geological conditions of the deposit. Entrusted by Jiangsu Provincial Department of Light Industry 1967 in May, the fourth geological team, Wang Daoxiu, Zhao Xiunan, Dai Junfa, Wei and Li Canhua, surveyed the area, and submitted the Final Report on Geological Exploration of Bailongsi Kaolin Mining Area in Yangshan, Suzhou, 1 1968 in August, which proved the available ore of Kaolin mine.
At the end of 1965, according to the instructions of Jiangsu Geological Bureau on searching for kaolin ore in the periphery of the mining area, under the auspices of Xu Jincheng, the technical director, more than ten people, including Wang Yuanqing, Lu Ruibao and Sun Guomin, decided to carry out borehole verification in Guanshan, and two boreholes were arranged with the approval of the Bureau. The second borehole constructed on May 1966 found 40. In the investigation and exploration of 10 years, in Jiyang, (geological director),,, Zhou Qinzhou,, Li Canhua, etc. Participants submitted the survey reports of Guanshan Kaolin Mine in Jiangsu Province and the south of Line 3- 16 on 1982. Among them, the available reserves are 34.5 million tons, the associated alunite reserves are 5 1.3 million tons, and the kaolin floor siderite reserves are estimated to be/kloc-0.22 million tons. Suzhou kaolin mine has added a large kaolin deposit and a medium-sized alunite deposit.
1982, Wei presided over the design and construction of two boreholes in Gejiawu, Yangbei, and saw kaolin ore bodies with industrial value. 1986, lugengen (project leader), Huang Guangrong, Zhang Zhizhong, etc. Qingshan geological brigade began to conduct a general survey of Gejiawu kaolin mine. Through trench drilling, they submitted the Geological Report on the General Survey of Gejiawu Kaolin Mine in Tongan Township, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province in February1987+,and submitted the prospective ore reserves of 100. From 65438 to 0984, Chen Xufu was in charge of the report on the total amount of kaolin resources in Susie-the research results of Delphi method, and predicted that the total amount of kaolin resources was nearly 100 million tons.
After more than 30 years of general survey and exploration, Suzhou kaolin mine has submitted 5 large and medium-sized kaolin deposits in Yangshan and Guanshan areas. The accumulated proven ore reserves of kaolin mine are 68.79 million tons, of which 46.29 million tons are available, 9.23 million tons are temporarily unavailable, and the prospect is13.27 million tons. Associated alunite can be comprehensively utilized.
The general survey and exploration of kaolin deposits in Suzhou was completed by the geologists of the fourth geological team while working. Exploration and discovery of hidden kaolin deposits is the crystallization of collective wisdom. In the process of discovering or proving large and medium-sized kaolin deposits in Suzhou, Xu Jincheng, Yu Xiangyuan, Wang Daoxiu, Li Canhua, Ding, Wei, Lu Gengen, etc. successively conducted general survey and exploration of five large and medium-sized kaolin deposits in Yangxi, Yangdong, Xibailongsi, Guanshan and Gejiawu, and achieved fruitful results. Through the work, a set of working methods has been accumulated, which provides valuable experience for the general survey of similar kaolin mines in the future. The geological survey of Guanshan kaolin mine in Jiangsu Province and the detailed geological report of the south block of line 3- 16 submitted by the team won the first prize of prospecting by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources.
Suzhou Yangshan high-quality kaolin mine enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. After the founding of New China, after more than 40 years of construction, China Kaolin Company, the largest kaolin mining and dressing joint enterprise in China, was built in Yangshan, with a designed annual output of 370,000 tons. Guanshan Kaolin Mine is under construction. Yangshan has become the production base of high-quality kaolin mine in China. There are more than 40 varieties of kaolin products in 8 series, which are used by more than 20 industries in China and exported abroad.