1, Deng Xiaoping, a native of Guang 'an, Sichuan, is the chief architect of China's reform and opening up in the new era.

2. Key paragraphs: paragraphs 2 and 3; The last four paragraphs.

3. After the text [Note ]: 1, 3

4. [Prompt] after the text

5. Keywords: snobbery, arrogance and hard work.

Lesson Two: Carrying Forward the Great Entrepreneurship —— Editorial of People's Daily

1, central argument: the first sentence of the third paragraph: "Emancipate the mind and seek truth from facts", which is the core and essence of entrepreneurship.

2. Goal: The second sentence of the fourth paragraph: "Our goal of starting a business is very clear, that is, to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic and civilized socialist modern country.

3. One principle: The first sentence of the ninth paragraph: "Diligence, thrift, honesty and integrity" is about the ethics that entrepreneurs should have.

4. Key paragraph: penultimate paragraph.

5. Style of this article: This is an editorial.

6. Features of the article: This article has distinct viewpoints, distinct levels, accurate, concise and clear language, and uses more judgment sentences and less rhetorical devices, which embodies the stylistic characteristics of "editorial style".

Lesson 3: Spring of Science —— Guo Moruo

1, Guo Moruo, from Leshan, Sichuan. Modern and contemporary writers, scholars and social activists. The main representative works are Poet Fairy, Qu Yuan and Cai Wenji.

2. Key paragraphs: paragraphs 3, 4, 6, 7 and 10. What rhetorical devices are used in the paragraph?

3. Remarks after the text: 1, 3, 4, 7, 8

4. After the article [Hint]: The central argument of the full text is that the times and science need giants, and science needs a realistic and whimsical spirit. The characteristic of this article is that the discussion is full of poetic passion. There are many kinds of argumentation methods in this paper, mainly induction. The rhetorical device used in this paper is metaphor, which deserves attention. In addition, the author also uses rhetorical methods such as parallelism and personification.

5. After class [Thinking and Practice]: Questions 2, 3 and 4

6. Keywords: tireless, restless, sleepless, miserable.

Lesson Four: On Feuerbach Should Take His Time —— Lu Xun

1 Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was the founder of modern literature in China, a great writer, thinker and revolutionary. When Lu Xun was young, he went to Japan to study abroad. After that, he abandoned medicine and became a scholar, determined to transform the national spirit. 1930 joined the left-wing writers' league and played an important role. The collection of novels includes Scream and Wandering, the collection of essays includes Weeds and Morning Flowers, and the collection of essays includes Grave and Essays on the Pavilion. Diary of a Madman and The True Story of Ah Q are his representative works.

2. Key paragraphs: full text. What are the rhetorical devices and arguments of each paragraph?

3. After the text [Note ]: 1, 2

4. [Hint] at the end of the text: This is a short article about the principles of fighting against the enemy.

Paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 are very important.

5. After class [Thinking and Practice]

Lesson 5: On Feuerbach Should Be Implemented-Wang Meng

Wang Meng, born in Beijing, is a contemporary novelist. The novel "New Youth of Organization Department" has attracted national attention. The representative works after 1978 include the short story The Most Precious Sound of Spring, the novella Butterfly and Miscellaneous, and the novel Activity Becomes Man.

2. [Prompt] after the text

On honesty and credit

Zhu ziqing

1, Zhu Ziqing, a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, is a modern essayist and scholar. His representative works include Literary Works, Suiting Elegance and Popularity, Essays, Background, You and Me, etc.

2. Important paragraphs: paragraphs 2 to 6.

3. After the text [Notes ]: 2, 3, 4, 6

4. [Prompt] after the text

5. Thinking and practice after class: Question 4

Self-study requires knowledge of literature and history.

Peiyuan Zhou

1, Zhou Peiyuan, Chinese physicist.

2. Important paragraphs: paragraphs 2 and 3

3. After the text [Notes ]: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8

4. [Prompt] after the text

5. Thinking and practice after class: Question 4

Pay too much attention to wording

Zhu Guangqian

1, Zhu Guangqian, from Tongcheng, Anhui, is a contemporary aesthetician and literary theorist in China. His representative works include Tragedy Psychology, Psychology of Literature and Art, and History of Western Aesthetics. Theoretical readings such as Talking about Literature and Talking about Beautiful Letters are easy to understand, practical in content and fluent in writing, which is quite enlightening for beginners in literary writing and literary theory.

2. Important paragraphs: paragraphs 3 to 6.

3. Postscript [Remarks ]: 6, 7, 8, 10

4. [Prompt] after the text

Essay creation theory

Qin Mu

1, Qin Mu, contemporary essayist. His representative works include the collection of essays "Flower City" and "Biography to the West". Literary theory collections such as Yi Shi Hai Bei and Yu Lin Cai Ying are well received by readers.

2. Important paragraphs: paragraphs 3, 6, 10 and 15.

3. [Remarks] after the text: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,1.

4. [Prompt] after the text

On the Characters and Structure of Water Margin

conflict

1, contradiction, China modern novelist, essayist and literary critic. 1920, participated in the organization of the "Literature Research Association" and served as the executive secretary of the "Left League". Representative works include novel Midnight, short and medium story Lin Jiapu, Spring Silkworm, and literary criticism collection Night Reading.

2. [Prompt] after the text

The Analects of Confucius

Confucius

1, Confucius introduced paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.

2. After the text [Note]

3. [Prompt] after the text

4. "If you have a threesome, you must learn from me" and "If it is cold, you will know that the pine and cypress are withered" (which can be used as a composition topic)

Those who have the words of Shennong have an appointment.

Mencius

1, Introduction of Mencius

2. After the text [Note]: 1: Wei (Wai): Research.

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, 2 1 23, 24, 26.

3. [Prompt] after the text

Ten thoughts on admonishing Taizong

Wei Zhi

1, Wei Zhi, a politician in the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, Kevin·Z was appointed as an ancient censor and proofreader. He emphasized that "listening is bright and listening is dark."

2. Notes: 1, 2, 3, 7, 9,1,1,14, 17, 18,/kloc.

3. [Prompt] after the text

Party theory

Ouyang Xiu

1, Ouyang Xiu, the word Yong Shu, is an alcoholic. In his later years, he called himself a "laity on June 1" and was the leader of the new poetry movement in Beining. He advocated that the articles should be "Ming Dow", "practical", "faithful" and "vivid", and he was one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". There is a public collection of Ouyang Wenzhong.

2. Key paragraphs: The third paragraph "When Yao was born, little people worked ..."

3. Note at the end of the text: 1: cronies: generally refers to factions or groups composed of people with the same political ideals and interests. 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10,1,12, 13, 14, 15,/kloc- 25: Eyes: Look, look. 26. Solution: Release and pardon. 32、33、35、36、38、39、 4 1、43、44

4. [Hint] at the end of the article: the genre of this article, the method of argumentation, and the central argument.

Answer Sima's suggestion

Wang Anshi

1, Wang Anshi, a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Politically, he was a "reformer in China in the 11th century" (in Leninist), and in literature, he advocated that articles should be "helpful to the world" and "application-oriented". It is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". There is a collection of poems by Wang.

2. The second paragraph: "What do the Confucians contend for ……", stratified, find out the central argument, what is the key point in the rebuttal, what is Wang Anshi's rebuttal of the argument principle, where does the strength come from, and what problems are exposed.

3. Notes: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1 1, 12, 13, 15, 16,/kloc-0.

4. [Hint] after the text: 1, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4.

Reading and writing of argumentative essays

read

The basic discipline of modern natural science

Qian Xuesen

1, Qian Xuesen, contemporary nuclear physicist.

2. The full text is hierarchical. What is the explanation center and method of each paragraph?

3. [Hint] at the end of the article: This is an explanatory article introducing modern natural science knowledge. This paper expounds the relationship between basic disciplines and basic disciplines. The whole paper adopts the structure of "total-sub-total". This paper comprehensively uses definitions, examples and other interpretation methods. The basic disciplines of natural science are divided into six categories: physics, mathematics, astronomy, geoscience and biology, and two basic basic disciplines, physics and mathematics, are divided from them. [Hint] penultimate paragraph

Strange phenomena in the desert

Zhu kezhen

1, Zhu Kezhen, modern geographer and meteorologist.

2. Key paragraphs: What are the characteristics of this article at the beginning of paragraph 1 (1)? (2) explain the method; (3) It can be seen from here that this article is an expository one.

Paragraphs 4 and 5, layered, explain the center and explain what the method is.

3. [Note] after the text: bizarre: the light spot is rotten and the shape is bizarre.

4. [Hint] after the text: This paper adopts "logical interpretation order". This is an expository article explaining strange phenomena in the desert with scientific principles. This paper focuses on the causes of "mirage" and "singing sand" in desert. This paper mainly adopts the method of explanation.

Movement of bridge

yisheng mao

1, Mao Yisheng, modern bridge expert.

2. The full text is stratified, and the interpretation methods and rhetorical devices of each paragraph are found out.

3. [Hint] after the text: This is an explanatory article to explain the bridge movement. The article adopts the structure of "total-subtotal". The "little tricks" of the bridge are constantly explaining the center (explanation center) every minute. This is a short and pithy scientific paper with profound analysis. This paper comprehensively uses a variety of interpretation methods such as definition, enumeration, metaphor and quotation.

Introduction of Pinghua Master Planning Method

Hua

1, Hua, a modern and contemporary mathematician.

2. The full text is hierarchical.

3. [Prompt] after the text

The Classical Gardens of Suzhou

Ye Shengtao

1, Ye Shengtao, writer and educator. He is one of the founders of the Literature Research Association of the New Literature Group. (The founders of the Literature Research Association are Mao Dun and Zhou Zuoren, and Zhu Ziqing is a member). His main works are short story collection, novel Ni Huanzhi, fairy tale collection Scarecrow, prose collection Ten Notes and so on.

2. The full text is hierarchical. Find out the center of the whole article (the second paragraph) and the rhetorical devices (metaphors) used in each paragraph.

3. Hint at the end of the article: The structure of the article is a "total score" structure. Hint paragraphs 3, 4 and 5.

White silk feather cinnabar coat

Jia zuzhang

1, the full text is layered. Find out the rhetorical devices.

2. explanation: suddenly; Wait: wait; Clap your hands: clap your hands; Li: Make a phone call.

3. After the text [Hint]: paragraphs 3 and 4.

chrysanthemum

Yang

1, Yang, a modern translator.

2. Notes after the text: 2, 9, 1 1, 12, 14, 17, 23, 27, 28, 29.

3. Hint at the end of the text: This paper generally adopts a parallel structure and is divided into two parts, both of which adopt a "total-sub-total" structure. The main contents of the two parts of the article are developed layer by layer in chronological order. This article often refers to methods.

Diners in our bellies

Gao Shiqi

1, from paragraph 15 "Our Big Bacteria Hotel-"to paragraph 23 "Adults-".

2. [Hint] at the end of the article: This is a scientific sketch with a strong literary color, which is visual and personalized. It compares bacteria to "diners" and human body to "big restaurants", and then compares human mouth, stomach, small intestine and large intestine to "vegetable cutting room", "kitchen", "sashimi road" and "dining hall" respectively.

Reading and Writing of Explanatory Text

peruse

Mourn for Shima

Hu Shi

1, introduced by Hu Shi

2. The focus of the whole paper. On page P 167, the second paragraph "What has the society done to him-"is layered, which summarizes the meaning of each layer. This paragraph sums up one word: draw a conclusion.

3. Hint at the end of the article: The article praised Xu Zhimo's life ideal of "beauty, love and freedom" and his spirit of fighting for this ideal. Zhimo pursues a "sacred realm of dreams", a philosophy of life of "beauty, love and freedom", and the spirit of Zhimo not following the crowd, not afraid of difficulties and advancing for ideals. [Hint] The last paragraph.

Autumn night

Ba Jin

1, Ba Jin, one of the greatest contemporary novelists and essayists. Riptide trilogy (Home, Spring, Autumn). Published "Travel Essays" and "Essays".

2, the third paragraph to the post-stratification.

3. [Hint] at the end of the article: It praises Lu Xun's lofty spirit of caring for young people enthusiastically and expresses the author's infinite respect for Lu Xun. The characters are vivid and vivid. This paper uses symbolic techniques to repeatedly describe Lu Xun's Heart is Burning and the warmth and encouragement that young people get from Mr. Wang's heart. This "burning heart" is a symbol of Lu Xun's great personality. The lyrical atmosphere of this article is very deep, and parallelism is used in many places in the article.

Spring Festival in Beijing

Lao She

Lao She, born in Beijing, is one of the most modern novelists and dramatists in China. (Other Beijingers are: Wang Meng, Shi Tiesheng, Jason and Zong Pu). Representative works include the novel Camel Xiangzi, the novella Crescent Moon, and the drama Teahouse.

2. Page P 18 1, from the eighth paragraph to the following layers.

3. [Hint] after the text: Through the comparison between the old and new societies, it shows the great power of the new society to change customs. The full text takes time as a clue. The discussion highlighted the ideological significance of this work.

Xiangziyan

Shen Congwen

1, Shen Congwen, Miao nationality, China modern novelist, essayist and cultural relic researcher. His main works include the novel Border Town, prose collection Xiangxing Notes, and academic monograph Research on Ancient Chinese Costume.

2. Key paragraphs: paragraphs 1 and 8, p. 6.

3. [Hint] after the text: This is a travel note. He expressed his love for his native land and his sadness at the chronic diseases and pollution in his native land life, and affectionately called on the people of Xiangxi to decorate their lives with the spirit and heat of dragon boat rowing. The article describes the natural scenery and local customs in the mountainous areas of western Hunan in a concrete, realistic and rural way. The description of the scene in the article-dragon boat race. Narration is interwoven with lyricism and discussion.

Crying little brother

Zong Pu

1, Zong Pu, Beijinger, contemporary female writer. There are novels "Red Bean", "Sansheng Stone" and prose "Lilac Knot".

2. After the text [Notes ]: 6, 8

3. After the article [Hint]: The author wrote this article from the bottom of his heart, passionately praised his brother's selfless dedication, and deeply expressed his sorrow for his young death. The author combines lyricism with narration and writing people.

Dujiangyan irrigation system

Yu

1, Yu, China contemporary art theorist and essayist. His major works include Aesthetic Psychology of Drama, Cultural History of China Drama, Artistic Creation Projects and Prose Collection, Cultural Journey, etc.

2. Remarks after the text: 2,5, 10

3. [Hint] after the text: This is a travel note. The author described the spectacular Dujiangyan water conservancy project and spoke highly of Li Bing and his son's measures to build water conservancy and benefit the people. The author's description of Dujiangyan water flow first describes the sound, then describes the writer's feelings, and then describes the spectacular rolling and roaring of the water flow. In this paper, comparative techniques are used in many places. The article is concise in language, large in capacity, profound in meaning and intriguing.

Picking ears of wheat

Jason

1, Zhang Jie, a Beijinger, is a contemporary female writer. He is the author of the novel Heavy Wings, the novella The Ark and the collection of short stories Love is unforgettable.

2. [Hint] after the text: This is a touching note essay. Praise the unique pure friendship between the old and the young. Narration is unhurried, language is clean and natural, which is in line with the innocence of family and the silence of sadness, thus creating a style that moistens things quietly and meaningfully.

Me and Ditan

Shi Tiesheng

1, Shi Tiesheng, a contemporary writer. He is the author of the short story My Distant Qingping Bay and the novella Original Sin. Fate, prose, monologue, etc.

2. [Prompt] after the text

Read and explain ancient Chinese and poetry according to the author's introduction and text [hint].