1. Studying history is not to remember historical knowledge, because it will be forgotten after a while. Learning history means adding a way of thinking, like "learning from history".
After you go to college, you may not necessarily use history, but at some point after you live and work, you will naturally use some experiences and ideas in the process of learning history, which is the most precious.
We used to memorize history for exam scores; But in society, sometimes when you encounter problems, you will naturally think of some ideas you have learned before and use them naturally, such as mutual respect and empathy.
In the past, when we studied politics, others might find it boring, but in the process of learning, if we combine it with life, it will be different. You will find that some knowledge can be used in your life, such as dialectically looking at problems, looking at the positive side and paying attention to influence.
Taiwan Province middle school learns everything about history.
What are the methods of comparative memory of middle school history? When remembering similar things, we can compare them and find out the similarities and differences.
Classified memory method: outline the contents to be memorized, sort them out and summarize them, and then memorize them.
Key memorization method: the formulas, theorems, conclusions, basic concepts and important sentences in the whole content are memorized as a "chain" to connect the whole content.
Understanding mnemonic method: Only deeply understood knowledge can be firmly remembered.
Reasoning memory method: use one thing to lead to a similar or causal thing to remember.
Network memory method: If we can connect all the knowledge points we have learned into a line, form a surface and weave a network, then the connection between all parts of knowledge will be clearly visible.
Essays on Teaching and Research Listening to American middle school history teachers said that how to teach history is the collective memory of the nation, and many countries attach importance to history education. However, different countries have different cultural traditions, different educational systems and different understandings of history and history education. As a history teacher, I am curious about how history is taught in other countries, and naturally I will not miss the opportunity to learn about history education in foreign middle schools.
Knowing that everyone has this idea, Beijing Basic Teaching and Research Center has planned the exchange of teaching design between Chinese and foreign history teachers. The venue is the Xicheng Teaching and Research Center, and the history teachers of both sides exchanged views on the content, methods and design of the class. The Chinese side chose two history teachers, and the American side invited the history teachers from the middle school affiliated to the University of Chicago to introduce their history classroom teaching. The Chinese teacher gave a lecture first, and introduced the teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching design ideas and after-class reflection in detail. The content has been said for a long time now, and I can't remember it clearly. Remember clearly, that is, teachers master the teaching content skillfully, the teaching design system is coherent, and the course objectives, knowledge, process methods, attitudes and emotional values are watertight. Looking at this design, I have to admire the ingenuity of the instructor. It's the turn of the American teacher. The speaker is a lady. She didn't talk about instructional design, but just smiled and asked everyone if they had any questions. Everyone talked about all kinds of curiosity about history teaching in American middle schools, and the female teacher listed everyone's questions on the blackboard. After listing them, they answered them one by one, and after answering the questions in class, they answered them one by one. Seeing that everyone was not thirsty, the female teacher talked about her son. Her son once discussed the differences between Chinese and American history classes with his classmates in China. As a result, her son's answer was simple. In American history class, children can criticize * * *, and female teachers who know China's national conditions are determined to shut their children up. The child's words are unclear. I wonder if this is the difference between Chinese and American history education.
Aside from the embarrassment caused by political discussion, we only make a simple analysis of the introduction of cross-strait history courses, and there are still great differences in the understanding of the courses between the two sides. China's history education focuses on the realization of external goals. This goal is not the children's own goal, but an educational goal formulated by our educators and education departments at all levels. Teachers' teaching activities are to implement this goal in the classroom. In the classroom, the teaching content, teaching methods, teaching strategies and teaching behaviors are surprisingly consistent. Although giving full play to students' subjectivity has become a teacher's knowledge, and stimulating thinking and discussion in teaching design can be seen everywhere, there is always an external goal of this kind of stimulation that restricts the classroom like a wired puppet. Although there are differences in teaching design, there is little overall difference. Why, because we come from all corners of the country, but we really come together for the same goal. Because of the consistency of goals, our behavior can be different, but it is basically the same. In the courses introduced by American teachers, we can't see any external goals, mostly children's problems. All kinds of questions around a central topic, strange questions and absurd questions, no matter what problems, are the results of children's thinking. The solution of these problems is the progress of children's learning, and these children may not be at a starting line at all. You say yours, I say mine, and we argue in class. What is the focus of teaching? Where is the goal of teaching? Children's problems begin with children's problems and end with their solution. Is this Dewey's education to grow up? However, the differences between Chinese and American history education are obvious. We attach importance to history in the course. They seem to pay more attention to the history in their children's minds. The historical problems we pay attention to in class come from teachers' thinking, and the historical problems in their class come from children's doubts.
We advocate innovation now. What is the premise of innovation? This is freedom. Without freedom, there is no innovation. The same is true of the pursuit of knowledge in the classroom. The greater the degree of freedom, the more energetic the classroom will be. (Good people can't understand freedom as fooling around) This is true of natural science, and so is the humanities.
It is by no means that American history education is much better than ours, and it is even more impossible to bring all other people's educational models. To be sure, they don't adapt and may even cause more trouble. Just on the same earth, in order to cultivate talents and the future development of the nation, stones from other mountains may be able to attack jade.
Jishou University History (Normal University) History (Chinese Vocabulary) Editor
History: Chinese words have three meanings:
1. Recording and interpretation
History, for short, refers to the history of human society. It is a discipline that records and explains a series of historical events of human activities, and most of the time it is also a reflection of the present era. If we just sum up and reflect, then history as an existence should disappear. The problem of history is to discover the real past constantly, to speak with materials, and how people can become a negotiable problem in reality. [1] History is an extension.
Middle school history Yan Di, the name of Shennong tribal leader (said to be a descendant of Shennong), surnamed Jiang, is called because of the virtue of fire. It was a legendary era in China (or ancient times), about 3000 BC, and now it is the * * * owner of the Chiang clan tribe in Hubei, Shaanxi. It is said that he was born in fierce mountains, so he was named Shanshi Lie after Yan Di.
biography
Jiang is a branch of Xirong, originally a nomadic people, and entered the Central Plains from the west very early. At that time, at the junction of Shaanxi and Henan, there lived the Jiuli nationality headed by Chiyou (an independent Miao nationality). Because of the long-term conflict between the two sides, Emperor Yan retreated to Hebei. It is said that "Emperor Yan wanted to invade the princes", and then he fought three fierce battles with Huang Diji of Xuanyuan. This is considered to be the first large-scale war of the Chinese nation, and it is called the Battle of Hanquan (Hanquan refers to Hanquan Village in Yanqing, Beijing). Facing the commander-in-chief, bear, tiger, raccoon, Tiger is a powerful rival of totem tribe, but Emperor Yan was defeated, allied with it and surrendered to it, and Huangdi ended the war with victory.
Yanhuang Alliance has been expanding its kit, and more and more tribes have surrendered to it, but Chiyou has always refused to accept it, and a big war is inevitable. Chiyou led Jiu Li to fight against the alliance in Zhuolu (now Zhuolu Village, Hebei Province), which was the second war in the legendary era and was called the Battle of Zhuolu. Finally, Chiyou was defeated. Since then, the surname Jiang and the Yellow Emperor have settled in the Central Plains. The word "descendants of the Yellow Emperor" refers to people's tracing and respect for the ancestors of Chinese civilization, Emperor Yan and Yellow Emperor.
Emperor Yan is one of the human ancestors recognized by the Chinese nation, also known as Shennong. The legendary ancient emperor, surnamed Jiang, was called Emperor Yan because he attacked the king with fire. Probably it ruled before the Yellow Emperor, so when the history books said "Xuanyuan", Shennong declined. But the so-called "decline" does not refer to Shennong itself, but to his tribe. "Emperor Century" says: "Shennong's surname is Jiang, his mother is Renyi, and he has a tall daughter and a famous daughter; As a young woman, I swam in Huayang, having a leading role and feeling like Emperor Yan. As an ox head, he is longer than Jiang Shui. With virtue, fire wins the king, so it is called Emperor Yan. My name was Chen, and I was a disciple of Lu. Also known as Quekui, Lianshan and Shanshi Lie. Emperor Yan made five great contributions in his life: First, he made two kinds of farm tools out of wood to teach farmers to reclaim land. Second, invent agriculture and grow food crops. Third, people didn't have pottery and cookers for eating before, and Emperor Yan began to make them when he was alive. Fourth, when Emperor Yan invented textile technology, naked people put on clothes. Fifth, if you taste a hundred herbs, you will encounter seventy poisons a day. The purpose of tasting herbs is to know their medicinal properties, and then develop the technology of treating diseases with herbs, so Emperor Yan contributed a great life. Yan Di is regarded as the God of agriculture, the God of the sun and the God of medicine among the people in our country, and together with the Yellow Emperor, he is regarded as the ancestor of Chinese humanities.
One legend is that ...
Because there is no complete text in the Yanhuang era, most of them are legends passed down from mouth to mouth. There are also many legends about Emperor Yan. But some ancient books mentioned some things about Emperor Yan in a mythical way.
I ching? The copula "Shennong's work, wood is a coffin, wood is a coffin, and the benefit of a coffin is to teach the world." 」
"The Legend of the White Tiger" "People in ancient times all ate animals. As for Shennong, there are many people and not enough animals. It is because when Shennong divided the land, controlled the land and taught the people to farm. "
Zhou Shu was quoted in Taiping Yu Lan as saying that "God cultivates and makes pottery".
Historical records? Supplement Huang San's biography that "Shennong began to taste a hundred herbs and had medicine".
Ishimoto, Shennong, and Medicine help others.
"Huainanzi" tastes a hundred herbs, and the water springs are bitter ... seventy poisons a day. "
The ancestors of Emperor Yan
According to ancient books, Shennong lived 500 years before the Yellow Emperor. Modern scholars generally believe that Shennong is a clan. Before the merger with the Yellow Emperor, an agricultural nation had lived and developed in the Yellow River basin for 500 years. They have entered the end of primitive society and have a high level of education. The so-called Sui people, Fu people, Youchao people and Shennong people actually refer to four different evolutionary stages in the process of human development. Shennong's surname is Jiang, which may indicate that it used to take sheep as its main meat (according to legend, it was born in), and it also shows that it still relies on the tradition of matriarchal society, and sheep and women are combined into one (in addition, Ji, Yi, Yao and Ying all have this feature).
People after Emperor Yan
After the defeat of Emperor Yan, the tribes dispersed, some were driven out of Middle-earth, and some were ruled by the Yellow Emperor. The cultural level of the driven Shennong tribe was originally higher than that of the Huangdi tribe, but after a long time, the culture did not progress, was suppressed and degraded, and instead became a foreigner. Miao people live in Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou. Because their ancestors used to farm, they are called Miao people. So some people think that they are descendants of the Shennong tribe. In the mountainous area of western Hubei, there is another place called Shennongjia, which may also be related to this.
It is said that Shennong is called Emperor Yan because of burning forest to open up wasteland. In ancient times, it was called "burning mountains and rivers", and the people of Shennong were also called "Shanshi Lie" and "Gongshi", and were regarded as the gods under the millet and DUZH by later generations.
Former residence of Yan Di
According to legend, Yan Di was born in Lieshan, and the "Yan Di Shennong Former Residence" was "built" in Lieshan Shennong Cave, Lishan Town, 40 kilometers north of Suizhou, Hubei Province, in order to comply with the wishes of Chinese people at home and abroad. "Yan Di Shennong Former Residence" has two Shennong caves (one for grain and medicine village storage and the other for residence), as well as more than a dozen Shennong pavilions, Shennong Pagoda, Shennong Temple, Shannan Shennong Tea Room, Shennong Flower, Jiulong Pavilion, Shanbei Shennong Mother's Andengyu and Baicaoyuan.
Shennong Cave and Shennong Monument
On the Lieshan Mountain, 55 kilometers away from Suizhou City, there are primitive stone tables, stone benches, stone bowls and stone beds in the cave, which are said to be used by Shennong. There are also ancient buildings such as Shennongjia, Shennongjia, Shennongjia Temple and Yan Di Temple. In the north of Lishan Town, there is a monument of Yan Di Shennong, which has been preserved to this day.
The Yellow Emperor is regarded as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. According to records, there are Xuanyuan, Xiongshi and Jixing. Speaking of gongsun, the surname Ji is a tribal leader, the legendary ancient * * * Lord of the Chinese nation, and the first of the five emperors. The Yellow Emperor is also honored as the ancestor of Taoism, and has a special position in Taoism.
Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records records: "The Yellow Emperor is the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan, and the Yellow Emperor lives in the hill of Xuanyuan". China Ancient Capital Society (the confirmation organization of the seven ancient capitals in China) believes that Xuanyuan Mountain is located in Xuanyuan Mountain, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. It was the capital of Xiongguo in ancient times, and its father Shaodian was the monarch of Xiongguo. The Yellow Emperor was born on the second day of the second lunar month in China's northwest Juyuan Guanlongjiang Gorge. According to legend, the mother of the Yellow Emperor was a girl on the Loess Plateau. One evening (or night), she suddenly saw the Northern Lights, and then she got pregnant and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor.
According to China's historical records, he unified the tribes in China after Emperor Yan. Its capital is Zhuolu. He calculated the calendar; Teach people to sow food; Invent the compass and make the bow and arrow of the ship; Xing characters; Do a dry branch, make a musical instrument, and make medicine.
Today, there is a mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor in Qiaoshan, Shaanxi. According to legend, when the Yellow Emperor was old, he cast a tripod and Lapras ascended to heaven. The courtier put an arrow to stop it, and the dragon was shot and injured. When he flew over the bridge country, he dropped a boot and buried it here.
The Yellow Emperor and Yandi are considered as the ancestors of the Chinese nation, so China people sometimes call themselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor".
Legend has it that the first princess of the Yellow Emperor was Lei Zu, and the second princess belonged to Lei Fang, Tong Yu and Mo Mu.
According to Historical Records, "There are 25 descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and 14 of them have surnames. The monarchs of Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor.
Later generations gradually deified the Yellow Emperor. In Zhuangzi, it is mentioned that the Yellow Emperor attained enlightenment and became immortal. The Yellow Emperor in Biography of Immortals can also exorcise immortals.
Middle school history notes junior high school history is relatively simple and easy. High school history pays attention to flexible use, and reading more books will be effective. There is no need to take notes. Waste energy.
Several basic methods of taking notes in middle school history Learning to take notes is one of the most basic and important ways to learn to learn. Taking history notes is the knowledge to be mastered in arranging textbooks; Is to sort out your understanding of textbooks. The process of taking history notes is the process of reading history textbooks; The process of summarizing, generalizing and refining the contents of history textbooks; So it is also a process of memory and understanding; The process of cultivating one's learning ability. By sorting out the contents of history textbooks for many times and constantly sorting out my own thoughts, I finally achieve the goal of seeing through the textbooks, making the textbooks thinner and simpler in my mind, deepening my understanding of textbooks and deepening my understanding of historical events. Therefore, middle school students should learn to take notes and take historical notes. I think there are three basic ways to take history notes: 1 and outline method. This is the most basic way to take historical notes. This method is a method of summarizing, inducing and sorting out knowledge points according to the original arrangement system of teaching materials. This method is most suitable for the preliminary arrangement of teaching materials. Its common format is: 1. After the background 1, politics 2, economy 3, culture 4, military ... 2. 1, it appears (or prelude, or fuse) 2. Early stage (first stage) 3. Late stage (the second stage, and possibly the third and fourth stages) 4. The ending [may be: 2. Content 1, politics 2, economy 3, culture 4, military ... or: 2. The measurement values are 1, ... 2...3, ...] 3. Impact 1. ) To organize knowledge points in this way, the first thing is to understand the idea of text editing, and then write down the relevant content in general language. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Read the textbook, circle, draw and write when reading the textbook. Circle the key words, draw sentences that can answer the questions, write the words "background", "process", "influence", "politics", "economy", "culture", "nature" and "characteristics" in the notebook, and then write the relevant contents. [Yan Hao. com]
Where did you learn the history of Nanya Middle School in Changsha? I come from South Asia Middle School. I don't know if you're asking about the third grade, which we learned in the third grade, lesson 10, Dawn of the Capitalist Age.
This is the real progress. If you are good, choose me. Remember to add some points ~ ~