1926, Tang Zaozhen and Zhang Boju returned to China at the same time, and Tang Zaozhen was appointed as a professor at the National Wuchang University (the predecessor of Wuhan University).
From 65438 to 0928, Tang Zaozhen went to Shanghai, where he taught at National Labor University, Jinan University and Jiaotong University near Jiangwan Li Yongyi. Two years later, he returned to Wu Da to teach.
Until 1943, Tang Zaozhen left Wuhan University due to job transfer, and successively served as a professor at Zhongshan University in Guangzhou, a professor at Guangxi University, and the provost.
From 65438 to 0947, Tang Zaozhen taught at Hunan University for one semester, and then went to Anqing as a professor and provost of Anhui University.
At the end of 1948, Tang Zaozhen served as acting principal.
195 1 year 65438+ died of illness on the morning of1October 9 at the age of 54. Tang Zaozhen, nicknamed Meng Lin, is the eldest grandson, so he enjoys a special position at home. Smart and studious since childhood, deeply loved by parents and elders. With the frugality of his family and the help of his men, he finished primary school in Dongshan School in Xiangxiang. He has skipped class twice because of his excellent academic performance.
Tang Zaozhen has seven children. His ex-wife Dai Lihua (deceased) gave birth to a daughter named Zhong Hao in Nanning, Guangxi. Dai has no children. He once adopted an adopted son named Xilian in Beijing. Zhang Jingzhi gave birth to two men and three women. The eldest son Chuan Sen and the second son Xiang Sen both worked in the central government in Beijing, the eldest daughter Zhong Qi and the second daughter Gui Sen both worked in Guangzhou, and the youngest daughter Jing Sen (later renamed Zhang Yi) worked in Taiyuan. Tang Zaozhen lives frugally and studies hard. Every day at dawn, when everything is quiet in the morning and the students are still sleeping, he always gets up quietly, runs outside and devotes himself to reading. This habit of reading in the morning has been maintained until old age. Because of his poor family, he has only a few clothes at school, barely enough to change clothes. When I was in normal school, although I had a free coat, I couldn't afford to wear a cotton-padded jacket inside. Winter in Beijing is long and cold, so it is difficult to keep out the cold without a cotton-padded jacket. The students found that Tang Zaozhen often ran on the playground, turned over the thick bars, and sometimes went back to the dormitory and was steaming. This is how he keeps warm and strengthens his cold resistance. This peasant boy from the hinterland looks gentle on the surface, but there is a fire burning inside. He deeply realized that it is not easy for poor children to go to school. He thought that one day in the future, the land of the motherland will be full of flowers, and children will walk into the school hand in hand with happy smiles and have classes in the spacious and bright classroom. He secretly vowed that one day he would set up a school in his hometown to realize the wish of benefiting the people in his hometown.
Tang Zaozhen likes swimming since she was a child. When he was in primary school, he often swam and played in the pond with his friends. One of his friends is Mao Zedong, and he is very close to him. Tang Zaozhen also likes playing the flute. After he left home, he often used it to pin his nostalgia for his hometown, and sometimes he couldn't help crying. He has deep feelings for his brothers and sisters in his hometown. When his mother died, he went home at night and cried in front of her body. He didn't sleep a wink for days and nights. The kindness raised by his parents has been engraved in his mind since he was a child, lest he can't repay it in the future. In his hometown, he is famous for his virtues of honoring his elders and helping his neighbors and relatives. Tang Zaozhen is one of the enthusiastic young people who participated in the May 4th Movement. As a student, Tang Zaozhen admired national heroes such as Yue Fei and Wen Tianxiang, and often inspired himself with their poems. His patriotic thought was formed in this period, and he took an active part in the great May 4th Movement. He was beaten by reactionary military police when he marched with students in normal university. He met Xu Deheng and other leaders of the student movement, and later joined the Jiu San Society led by Xu Deheng, becoming one of the early members of the Jiu San Society.
Tang Zao's real talent for mathematics was revealed as early as his student days. In the third year of college, he wrote the theory of graded product, which was published by Normal University 19 19. It is considered as a famous work in the early Tang Dynasty. Since then, he has made bold exploration and continuous progress in the field of mathematics. At the end of 1923, Tang Zaozhen was sent to Germany because of her outstanding work performance, and worked in mathematics research at the University of Berlin and the University of G? ttingen. His research work was respected and praised by German colleagues. In the photo with colleagues from all over the world, he was invited to sit in the front row as the only scholar on China. Tang Zaozhen has always treasured this photo and put a piece of paper on it to write down the names of everyone in the photo. During his stay in Germany, he made many friends and wrote to them for a long time after returning home.
Tang Zaozhen studied under the famous German geometer W blaschke. He knows a lot about Brahikai's works. After returning to China, he set a precedent for teaching German in China. The textbook he taught was the first volume of Uber Differential Geometry in Vlesungen written by Brahikai. 1926, Tang Zaozhen refused to be retained by German friends and returned to China with Zhang Boju and others. After returning to China, Tang Zaozhen, who was only 28 years old, was hired as a professor at the National Wuchang University (the predecessor of Wuhan University). Wuchang university dissolved 1928. Two years later, Wuchang University resumed classes, and he returned to Wu Da to teach.
Among the early modern mathematicians in China, Tang Zaozhen was also one of the pioneers in studying differential geometry. During his work at Wu Da University, he did a lot of work in this research field. Tang Zaozhen is proficient in English and German as well as French. He devoted himself to mathematics and translation, and successively published a series of works, such as New Geometry (namely, Enlarged Geometry), Several Basic Problems of Differential Calculus, Mathematical Metaphysics, and A Difficult Point of Absolute Differential Calculus. In addition, he also translated books such as set theory geometry.
193 1 year, Tang Zaozhen studied and translated Absolute Differential Calculus written by Levi Civita, a famous mathematician and professor of Rome University, and discussed some difficult problems in Absolute Differential Calculus with the author many times. His unique views on this issue greatly admired the original author. 1February, 935, Tang Zaozhen filled out the "Research Specialist Questionnaire", and in the column of "My work experience, interest tendency or other feelings", he described an experience that he had discussed absolute differential calculus with famous figures in mathematics, such as Weil, Schouten, Levi-Zivita and duschek. While teaching at Wuhan University, Tang Zaozhen posted the research results of "Laguerre geometry-try-try" in class, which aroused great interest of students. 1937 Central University, Wuhan University and Zhejiang University jointly enrolled students, and the mathematical proposition was Tang Zaozhen, one of which was taken from Laguerre geometry.
Tang Zaozhen worked very hard in mathematics research and teaching. He is thoughtful, quick-thinking, bold and serious. His excellent qualities as a mathematician are naturally formed through years of teaching and research.
His lecture is easy to understand and persuasive, which not only attaches importance to basic theory but also encourages students to innovate. It is in his research work that he constantly innovates and breaks through. During this period, he achieved a lot of research results and had novel ideas. Unfortunately, due to the environment and conditions at that time, many research results were not published in time.
In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Tang Zaozhen moved to Leshan, Sichuan with Wu Da. Later, it was flooded in Rongjiang, Guizhou, and my family narrowly escaped death. What he regrets most is that his accumulated books and several unfinished works have been wasted.
In that war-torn era, Tang Zaozhen lived and died with the teachers and students of Wuhan University. He always cared about the fate and future of the country and enthusiastically participated in anti-Japanese and national salvation activities. In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, in order to realize the ideal of "saving the country through education" and the desire to benefit the people in his hometown when he was a student, he founded Zongyi Middle School in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, and served as the chairman. Because he is sincere and honest, knowledgeable and approachable, he is deeply respected and loved by friends and students. Although he is a university professor, he still keeps the habit of frugality. He often sends the money he has saved back to his hometown (he has moved to Ningxiang at this time), or uses it to run schools or help relatives and friends. People in his hometown still miss him today.
Tang Zaozhen struggled in a difficult environment. On the one hand, he suffered from war; On the other hand, he stubbornly insisted on teaching and research. He studied "mathematical logic" and his paper was published in foreign mathematical magazines. At this time, he was a director of chinese mathematical society, and was hired by the Ministry of Education as a member of the Astronomical Mathematics and Physics Research Association as early as 1933. 1940, editor-in-chief of Wuhan University Science Quarterly. Therefore, it enjoys a high reputation in academia and education.
Tang Zaozhen has been a professor at Wuhan University for more than ten years and has trained many outstanding talents. Zeng Xianchang, the son of China mathematician Zeng Zhaoan, is his student. He studied in the United States in the late 1940s and obtained a master's degree from Columbia University. 1950165438+1October 25th, he wrote a letter to Tang from Los Angeles (Tang was already teaching in Beijing Normal University), and he never forgot his teacher's kindness. He wrote ... I was born in America for two years. When I look back on what I have learned, I can't help learning from what I have learned. My own thinking has improved, so I can't help it. He also expressed his willingness to "learn from my teachers and take service as the purpose" and decided to return home early to devote himself to the construction of the motherland. Zeng Xianchang later became a professor at Wuhan University and a famous computer expert in China.
During his teaching in Wuhan University, Tang Zaozhen had many contacts with famous people at home and abroad. Zhou Gucheng, he often comes to his house. On June 3rd, 1986, the People's Political Consultative Conference newspaper published Zhou Gucheng's article "Remembering Professor Zhang Boju". "He recalled fondly ... we often get together at the home of Professor Tang Zaozhen of Wuhan University every time we are free. Tang is an old friend of my classmate and returned to Germany at the same time as Zhang 1926. "Zhou and Zhang. It was not until 1943 that Tang Zaozhen left Wuhan University because of his job transfer.
Within a few years after leaving Wuda University, Tang Zaozhen successively served as a professor at Zhongshan University in Guangzhou, a professor at Guangxi University and the provost. He wrote the inscription "Never tire of teaching" in the Journal of Guangxi University, and took it as his motto to teach students tirelessly. He is diligent, strict with himself and tolerant of others, and enjoys high prestige among teachers and students.
Tang Zaozhen's concern and respect for students, regardless of wealth, was really valuable in the society at that time. Many students' names, places of origin, ages and home addresses are recorded in his notebook. He treats people kindly, and in the eyes of students, he has no airs of being a big professor. He also used his identity to help some progressive students, such as Wu Zunwen who works in Xi International Studies University. 1September, 948, at the invitation of Yuan Dunli, president of Beijing Normal University, and Fu, director of the Department of Mathematics, Tang Zaozhen returned to his alma mater as a professor and provost. The special welcome issue compiled by the Department of Mathematics (65438+128 October) introduces Tang as follows: Tang Zao Zhen Lin, graduated from the Department of Mathematics and Science of Renmin University of China, studied in Germany, and is an old professor at Wu Da University. Deep thinking and long foundation, the basic concepts and axioms of geometric logic and absolute differential can often arouse people's thinking. In this way, Mr. Tang corresponds to the world's literati, those who know and fools who are convinced. Teaching absolute differential and mathematical logic is his strong point. Dean Yuan insisted on educational administration. It is natural for Mr. Tang to do things in the spirit of scholarship. I would like to establish a small noble, follow Cao, and make my husband specialize in teaching, which is a blessing. This special issue also introduces new professors and associate professors who teach with him, such as Yang (Wu Zhi), Zhang and Zhao Cigeng. Yang is a classmate of Tang Zaozhen University. He was the head of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University. He is the father of a famous contemporary physicist and Nobel Prize winner.
At the end of 1948, Yuan Dunli resigned and Tang Zaozhen served as acting principal. At that time, Beiping was surrounded by China People's Liberation Army. In this turbulent period, Tang Zaozhen presided over the school affairs, showing great courage and wisdom. Zhu Jiahua, Tang's classmate and then Minister of Education of Nanjing National Government, prepared a plane ticket for his family to fly to Nanjing. Before that, he also asked him to be the director of the Ministry of Education, but he refused. He would rather stay in Beiping. As the acting principal, he ruled out all kinds of interference, persisted in his work and worked day and night for teachers and students. In order to strive for the peaceful liberation of Peiping, he risked his life and participated in a peaceful petition with all the teachers and students in the school. Under his influence, many professors have not left their posts. 1949, 10, 1 On this day, when a grand founding ceremony was held in the square, Tang Arm wore the armband of Commander-in-Chief and led the Beijing Normal University team to be inspected.
Shortly after the liberation of Beiping, Tang Zaozhen was appointed as the Standing Committee of the School Affairs Committee of Beijing Normal University by the Beiping Military Control Committee headed by Ye Jianying, and participated in the leadership work of Beijing Normal University. At this time, although he was over 500 years old, he still insisted on learning Russian for the need of research work. He studied the application of group theory in quantum mechanics, and his paper was read in chinese mathematical society. 195 1 year, the Commercial Press published his book Absolute Differential, but he didn't see it with his own eyes.
Before Tang Zaozhen's death, he was going to reorganize the materials related to the report with a quick inspection method. This rapid inspection method was invented by him in the 1940s. It can be used for quick reference of maps, dictionaries, telegrams, etc. It is several times faster than the ordinary method, and it is simple and easy to operate. At that time, he sent all the information he invented to the relevant government departments, but it was a pity that the information was lost and he died before he could rearrange it. After liberation, Tang Zaozhen had contacts with professors such as Hua, Su and Fan Yingchuan. At the request of China, he served as the editorial board of the book Mathematical Terminology published by China Academy of Sciences. Both Su and Fan have sent their own works written in English to Tang respectively, asking him to revise them.
During this period, Tang Zaozhen had many social activities. He used to be an alternate director of the Central Council of Jiu San Society, director of the Beijing branch of Jiu San Society and chairman of the branch of Normal University. He also participated in the study group of China People's Political Consultative Conference and read the works of Marx, Engels and Mao Zedong. The new atmosphere cheered him up. He posted the newspaper clippings of Wang Shen's song "Singing the Motherland" on the wall at home and asked his daughter to teach him to sing. He earnestly hopes that the motherland will become stronger and stronger.
195 1 In the summer of, Tang Zaozhen attended the China People's Political Consultative Conference headed by Zhang Naiqi and went to the southwest land reform mission to inspect the land reform work in rural areas of eastern Sichuan. He wrote to Mao Zedong to report his feelings and experiences in the land reform, and Mao also wrote back to encourage him. After returning to Beijing, he wrote down his feelings about participating in land reform at the invitation of Guangming Daily and Jiu San Society. He sincerely praised "New China is advancing rapidly and steadily", and his heart was filled with pride as a member of the new China. Tang Zaozhen had a long-term friendship with Mao Zedong before his death, but he seldom mentioned it to others. As a classmate, fellow countryman and old friend of Mao, he visited Mao Zedong's home in Zhongnanhai many times. Shortly after the liberation of Peiping, Mao visited him in the Tang family, which spread like wildfire and became a much-told story. After his death, there was another episode-Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the China Journal of Mathematics.
Shortly after Mao Zedong arrived in Beiping, he learned that Tang Zaozhen was in Beijing Normal University and immediately called Beijing Normal University to contact Tang Zaozhen. Tang Zaozhen said to Mao Zedong, "I'll see you," but Mao Zedong said, "I'd better see you." One day around 3 pm, I came to see Don. Tang invited him to the middle of the living room, introduced his wife and children to Mao, and asked his wife to make tea with a teacup. It was not until around 9 pm that Mao Zedong got up and said goodbye to everyone. When he got on the bus, he smiled and said to Tang Zaozhen, "Meng Lin, coming to see you today is the longest time I have visited my teachers and classmates."
Tang Zaozhen suffered from acute pancreatitis shortly after returning from Sichuan and was admitted to Peking University Hospital for treatment. When Mao Zedong learned about this, he sent Tian Jiaying to the hospital for sympathy and care. Tang was hospitalized for less than a week, and finally died in the morning of 195 1 10 at the age of 54. Mao Zedong sent Tian Jiaying to Normal University to convey his condolences. Mao was deeply saddened by Tang's unfortunate death, calling it "a great loss for China's scientific community". 195 1 year1October 2 1 day, Fu Shangshu, president of Normal University and editor-in-chief of China Journal of Mathematics, reported that Normal University, Jiu San Society and chinese mathematical society * * * jointly launched a memorial service, "I want to ask the chairman to give me a couplet or mourn." Fu also asked Mao to write an inscription for the forthcoming China Journal of Mathematics. In Fu's letter, he wrote: "Mr. Fu: Mr. Tang's memorial service should be a kind of condolence. I wrote the title for the math magazine according to the instructions. I wonder if there is? The title of Mao Zedong 195 1 year1October 23rd is in triplicate and attached to the letter.
At the grand memorial service for Tang Zaozhen, the wreath sent by Mao Zedong was placed in the middle.
Tang Zaozhen, who was behind him, was unhappy and had a difficult family life. Mao Zedong is very concerned about the life of the Tang family and the education of their children. He has sent people to understand the situation many times and asked the relevant departments to solve it. In the early 1960s, Tang's three children went to college at the same time. Mao Zedong asked his secretary to remit him to 600 yuan every year from his salary, until all three children graduated to work. 1at the end of 963, during the first session of the third session of the National People's Congress, I met (then a deputy to the National People's Congress) and asked about the Tang family. After the meeting, Li conveyed Mao's concern for his wife and children.