The three colleges include: 1, and most independent colleges (public-private partnership, funded by private enterprises, private); 2. Some private colleges and universities; 3. A few undergraduate universities run schools in cooperation with foreign countries (private). Note: With the approval of the Ministry of Education, a few public independent colleges can enroll students in the second batch or above, such as zhejiang university city college, Ningbo Institute of Technology of Zhejiang University, Binhai College of Nankai University, Jinling College of Nanjing University, Tan Kah Kee College of Xiamen University, Chengyi College of Jimei University, Chengxian College of Southeast University, Zhuhai Branch of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai College of Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai College of Jilin University and Huaqing College of Xi University of Architecture and Technology.
The state encourages transfer or incorporation into the matrix. By the end of 20 15, the Ministry of Education had accepted 52 applications for transfer of independent colleges, and approved the establishment of 5 1 private undergraduate colleges (including 2 merged ones), accounting for 15.9% of the total number of independent colleges in China (including transfer). In addition, in September, the Higher Education Evaluation Committee of the Ministry of Education evaluated eight independent colleges. The reason why the proportion of independent colleges is low is that local education authorities, public universities, social investors, independent colleges and other stakeholders all stand in different angles and hold different attitudes. Public universities are unwilling to give up the income of management fees, and investors are unwilling to lose the golden signboard of public universities to ensure teaching quality and attract more students; Government departments are worried that the reform is risky, which will lead to the loss of state-owned assets and affect public expenditure. The benefits of transfer are very complicated. What makes the development of independent colleges suffer more is that the degree program does not grant the mother degree to the graduates of grade 20 12, which has an extremely adverse impact on the future development of independent colleges and brings great risks and uncertainties to investors who invest in running schools. The Ministry of Education should issue a document on 20 16 as soon as possible to stipulate the time limit for the merger of independent colleges.
After the transformation, ordinary private colleges and universities have a hard time. The capital chain of Anhui Wenda Institute of Information Engineering is broken, and it is on the verge of bankruptcy. Relevant departments urgently send working groups to station; After six transfers, Harbin Guangsha College triggered a storm of new investors grabbing the financial seal, and the board of directors and the school administrative team were at daggers drawn. The Clinical Medical College of Tianjin Medical University and the investor are in court. The chaos caused by the privatization of educational assets has begun to take shape, and ordinary private colleges that have been transformed have become tools to make money, which is also an important reason why other independent colleges dare not rashly transform. Under the background of education reform in China, independent colleges have been reforming, but now they can no longer afford it. The demographic dividend of 10 has passed, and many of them should be merged into the matrix. Some well-run companies are listed companies. In order to meet the standards, it is necessary to sell shares to a private investor and force a private investor, which has caused many serious problems. Especially for the independent colleges run by public universities, the government and state-owned enterprises should be merged into the parent university as soon as possible to prevent the loss of state-owned assets, provide a truly fair competitive environment for ordinary private universities, and be conducive to the development of the parent university. For private capital-based universities, the host schools and enterprises will discuss turning them into ordinary private universities or merging them into the mother.
The five-year inspection and acceptance period of independent colleges stipulated by the Ministry of Education expires in March13, and only 20% of the 3 15 independent colleges in China will be converted into independent ordinary private undergraduate colleges by 20 16. In view of this reality, in May, 20 13, the Ministry of Education postponed the deadline for standardized acceptance of independent colleges to April, 20 16, requiring 292 independent colleges to take the "big examination" by the Ministry of Education and provincial education administrative departments in the fourth quarter of each year during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, that is, they basically meet the requirements, and plan to close down and suspend acceptance or merge into the mother. Behind this series of remarkable figures is the serious problem of insufficient government investment in higher education funds.
In order to standardize and guide the reform and development of independent colleges, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Measures for the Establishment and Management of Independent Colleges in 2008 (hereinafter referred to as "Order No.26 of the Ministry of Education"), which came into effect on April 1 2008. The Ministry of Education clearly pointed out in the Key Points of Standardized Acceptance Policy for Independent Colleges that independent colleges that run schools alone, cooperate with the government or cooperate with companies registered outside Chinese mainland do not agree to the acceptance. It is these independent colleges and branches that stand out. Because it is an independent secondary college at the headquarters, it has great vitality. But when it comes to running an independent college, they feel ashamed and don't want to mention it to the outside world too much. In a sense, it is a failure not to award the degree from the headquarters.
Independent colleges have the characteristics of "campus independence, enrollment independence, financial independence, and some teachers and teaching facilities are shared with the headquarters", and the tuition fees are generally high. Candidates can obtain two kinds of certificates, such as "undergraduate diploma" and "bachelor's degree certificate", after completing the four-year university course and successfully graduating from an independent college. Graduation certificate and degree certificate are both certificates of independent colleges, and are stamped with the name of independent colleges. From a national perspective, independent colleges were born in June 1999, which refers to the secondary colleges at the undergraduate level organized by ordinary undergraduate colleges in accordance with relevant regulations and new mechanisms and models in order to implement the spirit of Document No.8 of the Ministry of Education. The emergence of independent colleges is mainly in the following ways: public colleges are jointly organized with enterprise capital, private universities are affiliated with restructuring, and state-owned university is independently built.
Independence: Independent colleges have independent campuses and basic school facilities, implement relatively independent teaching organization and management, enroll students independently, issue academic certificates independently, and conduct independent financial accounting. Having the qualification of an independent legal person and being able to bear civil liabilities independently. Independent college is an important supplement to higher education, which is different from private colleges and is another unique form of running a school in China.