Battle of Gaixia
In December of the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign (202 BC), during the Chu-Han War, the two armies of Chu and Han fought a strategic decisive battle in Gaixia (now on the south bank of Haochengtuo River in Guzhen, Anhui, between Huaiyang and Lu Yi in Henan).
In August of four years, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang were at loggerheads in Xingyang (now Guxing Town, northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province) and Gaoping (now Sishui Town, northwest of Xingyang, Henan Province) for more than two years (see the battle of Gaoping). Xiang Yu was forced to make peace with Liu Bang because he was caught between Scylla and Charybdis. He is located in the east of Xingyang, Henan Province, bounded by the ancient canal, belonging to Chu in the east and Han in the west.
In September, Xiang Yu returned to the East as agreed. Liu Bang took the advice of Sean and Chen Ping. When Xiang Yu was unprepared, the Chu army was hungry and tired, and suddenly launched a strategic pursuit of the Chu army. And about Han Xin from qi (now Shandong), from the beam (now northeast Henan) south through the Chu army. In October of five years (the early Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and in early October), due to Han Xin's failure to go south as scheduled, Liu Bang pursued the Chu army to Guling (now northwest of Huaiyang, Henan Province), and the Chu army fought back and the Han army was defeated.
In order to mobilize Han Xin and Liu Bang appointed Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) as the fief of Han Xin, the king of Qi, in the vast area east to the sea. It was named King Liang, and it was divided into Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and Gucheng (now Dongan, Shandong Province). For its fief. Han and Peng Sui led the troops to attack Chu; Han Xin went south from the State of Qi and occupied Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), the capital of Chu, and vast areas such as northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui and eastern Henan. The soldiers pointed directly at the rear of the Chu army, and Peng Yue also headed west from Liangli. Liu Jia, a general of the Han nationality, and Wang, a native of Jiujiang, went north from the father of Xiacheng (now the father of Bo County, Anhui Province); Liu Bangze led his troops out of Guling to the east, and the Han army surrounded the Chu army from the south, north and west, and Xiang Yu was forced to retreat to the next position.
Five years in December, Liu Bang, Han Xin, Liu Jia, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and other Han armies, with about 400,000 men, fought a decisive battle with 65438+ Wan Chujun in Gaixia. Han Xin led the army in the middle of the Han army, with General Kong as the left wing and Michael Chen as the right wing. Liu Bang led his troops to follow up, with General Zhou Bo as the rear guard. Han Xin defeated the attack, led the troops back, and ordered the left and right armies to continue the attack. Chu Jun attacked unfavorably, and Han Xin sent troops again. The Chu army was defeated, retreated into the barriers and stood firm, and was surrounded by the Han army. The Chu army was defeated many times and the soldiers were exhausted. Han Xin ordered the foot soldiers of the Han army to sing Chu songs at night, which made the foot soldiers of the Chu army homesick and war-weary, and their morale collapsed. Seeing that the tide was gone, Xiang Yu rode 800 horses to break through and fled south overnight. Liu Bang sent Guan Ying to chase 5000 cavalry. Xiang Yu lost his way and was chased by the Han army to Wujiang River (now wujiang town at the border of Jiangsu and Anhui in the northeast of Anhui County). He committed suicide after defeat.
Li Qingzhao, a female writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, mentioned in "Summer quatrains":
Living as an outstanding person,
Death is also a ghost.
I still miss Xiang Yu,
Refuse to cross the river east.