2. Sodium ions and chloride ions can freely pass through the capillary wall, while plasma proteins are difficult to pass because of their large molecular weight. Therefore, when the plasma concentration changes, the colloid osmotic pressure of capillaries changes, thus affecting the water balance on both sides of capillaries.
3. Neutrophils have strong deformability and phagocytosis.
4. Erythropoietin and androgen accelerate the formation of red blood cells, but erythropoietin is the main factor.
5. Sodium citrate is also called sodium citrate. Because citrate ion can combine with Ca2+ in blood to form a soluble complex which is not easy to dissociate, the concentration of Ca2+ in blood is reduced and coagulation is not easy to occur. This drug is only used as anticoagulant in vitro, mainly for blood preservation in vitro. If the blood containing sodium citrate is infused too much or too fast, it will cause the decrease of blood calcium and lead to cardiac insufficiency. Neonates and young children are more prone to this kind of adverse reaction because the enzyme system is underdeveloped and citrate entering the body cannot be oxidized. Intravenous injection of calcium can save it.
6. Heparin enhances the activity of antithrombin 3, promotes its combination with thrombin, and hinders the function of thrombin, so it has indirect coagulation effect.
7. Most of the iron used to synthesize hemoglobin in the body depends on the reuse of iron, and a small part needs to be taken from the diet. Therefore, chronic and long-term blood loss or low iron intake will cause iron deficiency in the body, reduce the amount of synthetic hemoglobin, and cause hypochromic small cell anemia, that is, iron deficiency anemia.
8. There are contractile proteins in platelet pseudopodia, and the contraction of contractile proteins can cause the retraction of whole blood clots.
9. The most unstable coagulation factors: ⅴ and ⅷ.
10. Tissue hypoxia is a physiological stimulating factor to promote EPO secretion. Any factor that causes insufficient oxygen supply to the kidney, such as anemia, hypoxia or decreased renal blood flow, can promote the synthesis and secretion of EPO and increase the content of EPO in plasma.
1 1, blood type usually refers to the type of specific antigen on the erythrocyte membrane.
12. The natural antibody is IgM and the immune antibody is IgG.
13. Unlike ABO blood group, Rh blood group has no natural antibody.
14, the role of eosinophils: ① limit the role of basophils and mast cells in type I hypersensitivity; ② participate in the immunity to worm larvae; ③ allergic reaction (the main effector cell of asthma).
Releasing heparin is the function of basophils, and phagocytosis of mycobacterium is the function of monocytes.
15, basophils contain heparin, histamine, chemokine A and allergic slow-response substances.
16, protein and iron are essential raw materials for red blood cell synthesis, and folic acid and VB 12 are essential substances for maturation.
17, most of the iron used by the body is recycled, and very little is absorbed from the outside. When the body loses blood for a long time, the loss of iron makes the body lack iron, leading to iron deficiency anemia.