Ma Qi, Fu Chashi, Huangqi Manchu. Born in Shunzhi for nine years (1652), he died in Qianlong for four years (1739) at the age of 88. In China more than two centuries ago, there were very few people who could live as long as Mi, and it was even more difficult to find someone who could live as long as Ma Qi among the upper class members of Manchu nobility. Naturally, China's oldest emperor, Emperor Qianlong, died at the age of 89, which is a special case. Ma Su experienced four dynasties: Shun, Kang, Yong and Gan. Since the middle of Kangxi, he has been in a high position, during which he served as a college student for 30 years. His long and accessible trip to Guanhai was deeply admired by his colleagues and left doubts and thoughts for future generations. How did March become an evergreen tree on the political stage in the early Qing Dynasty after stormy waves in the power struggle during the Kang Yong period? Analyzing some characteristics of Ma Su's official life is helpful to solve the above problems, and also enables us to observe the political insider at different historical stages in the early Qing Dynasty from one side. Imagi was born in an official family. He is the grandson of Huston, the minister of Shunzhi dynasty, the second son of Mi, a famous minister of Kangxi dynasty, and the minister of the Ministry of Housing, who first proposed to quit the vassal. March 18 years old (eighth year of Kangxi 1669) was awarded by Yin Sheng as Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Industry. This way of entering the official career was very common among the descendants of Manchu nobles at that time. However, unlike most children of the Eight Banners, March can effectively use this advantage, gradually increase and develop his talents, and climb to the top of his official career step by step. Ma has the ability, dare to do it, and is not a person who follows suit. This is a prominent feature of his early official career, and it is also an important reason why he was appreciated by Emperor Kangxi and had a great influence among Manchu and Han colleagues. Just give the following examples. In the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi (1687), in April, officials such as university students were given an imperial edict to give examples of foreign officials who were very good at home. Among them was March, then governor of Shanxi. (Note: China No.1 Historical Archives. Kangxi gave a note [Z]. The second volume. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1984. ) At that time, the chief Manchu college student Pearl was in charge of state affairs. "All cabinet votes were drafted by the Pearl, and they were arbitrary." Yu Guozhu, a college student, and others "accepted its purpose, that is, there were mistakes. (Note: Kangxi's masterpiece [Z]. The third volume. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1984. ) If Mingzhu has a bad impression of March, among the few people who played in the university, there will be no March, and Ma Qirong is among them, indicating that Mingzhu pays more attention to him or has the intention of wooing him. For a foreign official, this is a rare opportunity to curry favor with North Korean dignitaries, and a chance for promotion. However, March was not "ungrateful". Soon, Chen Zishou impeached Governor Zhang Qiqiā n @1and ordered Yu Chenglong, Ma Qi and others to check. Zhang Qi ā n @ ① sponsored by Mingzhu. The imperial envoy Se Lengyan, who was sent to hear the case before, promised to "study the case wholeheartedly" to Emperor Kangxi, but in his report, "people who were afraid of involving Zhang qiā n @ ① were actually sheltered." (Note: Kangxi's masterpiece [Z]). The third volume. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1984. The case was tried by March and others. "All the facts are true and the crime is legally prescribed." (Note: Biography of Qing History [M]). Volume 14, I draw a file, 1 1, Ma Qi. Therefore, Ma Su "gained a great reputation and called it an honest and fearless official." (Note: Arthur William. Biography of celebrities in Qing Dynasty [M] (1). Xining: Qinghai People's Publishing House. 1990.) The case was successfully closed, which provided favorable conditions for the removal of the powerful minister Mingzhu in February of the 27th year of Kangxi (1688). It is actually an organic part of this important measure of Emperor Kangxi. Ma Qi was praised by Emperor Kangxi for honest and frank honest and frank, and was promoted to Zuodu suggestion in March 1996. This is an important turning point in his career. In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (1688), Ma Su participated in the discussion on Russian border demarcation, saying that Sino-Russian border negotiation was "the most important" and that "its archives should be written in Chinese characters, and Chinese and officials should be integrated." (Introduction note: Li. Brief introduction of national dynasties [M] (1). Changsha: Yuelu Bookstore, 199 1. ) The following November (1689), I said, "I can handle affairs and manage the court. If you see what is reasonable, please stop using Manchu and Mongolian. Now, please ... register in Chinese at the same time to serve the merits of Mongolia and be glorious forever. " (Note: Record of the Holy Father in Qing Dynasty [Z]). Volume 143, November, 28th year of Kangxi, Chen Bing. Pseudo-Manchu photocopying These two suggestions were adopted by Kangxi, and their significance became more and more obvious with the passage of time. It can be seen that March, who dares to do anything, is not a man without courage. He is quite knowledgeable and good at thinking, and the good combination of these two aspects is exactly where he is superior to many colleagues. In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi (1699), Ma Qi became a college student and began to step into the peak of his career. Before that, there are two things to mention. First, in the 29th year of Kangxi (1690), Ma Qi, who was appointed as the suggestion of Zuodu, and arani, the minister of Yuan Dynasty, were listed as the ministers of deliberation, which was unprecedented in history of qing dynasty. Second, thirty-five years (1696), when Emperor Kangxi first made a personal expedition to galdan, March, Alan Tai, Lun and others, led by Class Three, stayed in the Forbidden City and assisted the Crown Prince @ ②. This shows that before Ma Qi became a college student, he gradually became the minister of Emperor Kangxi's thighs and arms because of his outstanding talent. His outstanding performance in helping Emperor Kangxi solve the Galdin problem further won his trust. In forty-seven years (1708), Emperor Kangxi deposed the Crown Prince for the first time, but he went back on his word and planned to re-establish the throne. However, he thought it was a big loss of face to break his word, so after deliberately revealing this idea, he adopted the method of letting all the ministers recommend them among the princes, hoping that all the ministers could guarantee to be @ ② a prince. In that year 1 1 month, Emperor Kangxi "specially told Ma Qi not to expect anything" before ordering all courtiers to elect the prince. (Note: Biography of Qing History [M]. Volume 14, edited by the minister, 1 1, Madge. However, March did not follow this will. Under his secret advocacy with the prince's maternal uncle Tong Guowei, he led the guards' ministers A Ling and Erdene to actively cooperate, and the courtiers elected the emperor.