The earliest universities were established in Italy, France and Britain in the12nd century. Among them, Bologna University, Salenitana University and Paris University are representative and influential. The University of Bologna is famous for studying law. At that time, Bologna was located in the commercial center of Europe, Asia and Africa, where businessmen gathered, trade disputes occurred from time to time, commercial lawsuits continued, and legal talents were urgently needed. In addition, in order to gain the independence and rights of the city, Italian scholars joined hands with the Pope to fight against the holy Roman Empire and strengthened the study of Roman law, and civil law gradually became an independent discipline. Moreover, in order to solve the contradiction between city authorities and feudal lords, it stimulated the development of law. At that time, the famous jurist Ainarus studied and lectured here, which attracted many talented scholars and young people. By the beginning of13rd century, there were more than 5,000 students in the University of Bologna, and the teaching content was increasingly rich. 13 16 added medicine, 1360 added theology. University of Salernitana, founded at the beginning of 1 1 century, was originally a medical school. Salenitana is a famous convalescent resort along the Mediterranean coast, with a good foundation in traditional medicine, which attracts dignitaries to recuperate here. 165438+At the beginning of the 20th century, a Jewish doctor, Afrikano, came here to give lectures, which made the eastern and western medicine blend here and promoted the development of medicine. The University of Salernitana has gradually become the medical center and medical research center in Europe. It is an earlier branch school in the west. The University of Paris was developed from the then Notre Dame Church School. From 1 108 to 1 139, Abela, a famous French scholastic philosopher and an important representative of early nominalism, had a long debate with realism here, and scholars and young people poured in, making this school famous. The University of Paris is famous for its theological research. At its peak, there were 50 thousand students, which became a model of western European universities at that time. Under the influence of these three universities, many universities were established in western Europe from13rd century to14th century. Such as the famous Oxford University (1 168) and Cambridge University (1209); University of Padua in Italy (1222), University of Naples (1224), University of Alegre (1355); University of Toulouse, France (1230); University of Valencia, Spain (1212); University of Lisbon, Portugal (1290); Prague University in the Holy Roman Empire (1348) and so on. /kloc-22 universities were added in Europe in 0/400, about 80 in 0/500, and the total number of universities in 0/05 was 1600. The rise of medieval universities has far-reaching significance in the history of education, which greatly promoted the prosperity of medieval culture in western Europe, not only laid the foundation for modern universities, but also had an important impact on modern science.