(1) Botanical characteristics Inula is a perennial herb of Inula in Compositae. Root system: The root system is developed and robust, with many branches, mainly distributed in 10 ~ 30cm soil layer. There are buds wrapped in scales on the root diameter, and each bud can develop into a new branch. Stem: The stem is erect and tall, 2-3 meters high, quadrangular, square or prismatic, with 6-9 upper branches. Leaves: It can be divided into basal rosette leaves and stem leaves. Annual plants are rosette leaves, with ten to dozens of leaves clustered; Cauline leaves are opposite, sessile, oblong, wrinkled and toothed, 38 cm long and 30 cm wide. Flower: The flower is a flower head, terminal, with a disk diameter of 2-2.5 cm, a tongue-shaped flower at the edge and a tubular flower in the middle, yellow. Seeds: The seeds are achenes, heart-shaped, flat brown, with wings on the edge, and each inflorescence has seeds, weighing 20 grams.
(2) Biological characteristics: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is a kind of green feed suitable for temperate planting, which has certain cold tolerance. Seeds germinate at 5℃, grow faster at 20 ~ 28℃, and can also tolerate high temperature above 35℃. In the Yangtze River basin, it still grows well in the high temperature season in summer. It can overwinter in North China and Northwest China, and it is easy to freeze to death below -20℃. Its root system is developed, it can absorb deep soil moisture, and it is slightly drought-tolerant and moisture-tolerant. It is a plant that needs more water and fertilizer. It is suitable for planting in places with annual precipitation of 450 ~ 1000 mm, and likes neutral and slightly acidic fertile loam, but not suitable for planting in saline-alkali land and barren soil. The underground part of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica has a thick rhizome, which can continuously spread around and form many new plants. After a few years, it can expand into one piece and has strong asexual reproduction ability. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is a cross-pollinated plant. Under the condition of sufficient sunshine, flowers and fruits can be multiplied through seeds or vegetative organs.
(3) Cultivation points: rotation, soil preparation and sowing: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica has tall plants, developed roots and high yield. It is easy to cause soil hardening and fertility decline after years of extensive use, and it is not suitable for continuous cropping. It is best to plant leguminous plants after 3-4 years to restore soil fertility. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica requires high soil, water and fertilizer conditions, so it is necessary to select the right land, plough deeply and rake carefully, eliminate weeds and apply sufficient farmyard manure. 3000 ~ 4000 kg per mu is the base fertilizer, and farmyard manure is applied again every winter and spring. The sowing date can be spring sowing or summer sowing, the sowing amount is 0. 15 ~ 0.25 kg, the row spacing is 60 cm× 30 cm or 50 cm× 20 cm, and the sowing depth is 2 ~ 3 cm. In addition to direct seeding, seedlings can also be transplanted and used that year. You can also use roots for asexual reproduction and transplant roots with buds, which is easy to survive. Field management: After the emergence of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings, interplanting should be done in time, and 3000 ~ 6000 seedlings should be left per mu according to the fertility of the land. Because of the slow growth of seedlings, it is necessary to intertillage and weed in time to ensure the smooth growth of seedlings. Tillage 1 ~ 2 times according to the weed situation before ridge closure. Pine trees and herbs need more fertilizer. In addition to applying farmyard manure once a year in winter and spring, topdressing should also be applied during the growing period, especially after mowing the grass every time, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can also be applied, or decomposed farmyard manure or chemical fertilizer can be used for topdressing and irrigation at the same time.
Harvest: Pinellia tenuifolia does not stem in the same year of sowing, but only bears a large number of rosette leaves, so the yield is not high, with an yield of 2000 ~ 3000 kg per mu. After draining in the following year, the plant height was more than 2 meters, and the yield doubled. The suitable harvest period is the early flowering period, and it can be cut 1 time every 40 ~ 50 days, and it can be cut three times a year. The yield of green feed per mu is 1 1,000 kg, and the yield of the first crop is the highest, accounting for more than 50% of the total annual output. The seed yield per mu is 30-50 kg.
(4) Feeding value and utilization: it is rich in protein and vitamins, and the air-dried leaves contain 22% crude protein, which is equivalent to excellent leguminous forage; The content of carotene is also very high, 4.25 mg per kilogram of fresh leaves, slightly lower than carrots. Moreover, it has less fiber, good palatability and high digestibility, and is a good feed for sheep, cattle, pigs, chickens, rabbits and fish. Usage: It can be chopped into green feed, silage or made into hay powder for feeding.
The content of this article comes from: The Journey of Species Protection by China Agricultural Publishing House.