The origin of four books:
The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius are all called the four books, which are the basic teaching materials of Confucianism. For hundreds of years, the "Four Books" have been widely circulated in China, and many of them have become popular aphorisms.
Among them, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius are collections of speeches by Confucius, Mencius and their students respectively, while Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean are two books in The Book of Rites.
Zhu, a famous scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, first linked the two. However, before Zhu, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi had strongly advocated these books.
They believe that "University" is an important work taught by Confucius, which was compiled by Ceng Zi. The Doctrine of the Mean is a book "Confucius teaches the mind", and it is a pen, which is written by Confucius' grandson Zisi.
Together with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, these two books express the basic ideology of Confucianism and are the most important documents for studying Confucianism. It is from this perspective that Zhu compiled four books: The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, University and The Doctrine of the Mean.
Origin of Five Classics:
The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu are collectively called the Five Classics.
The Five Classics is the collective name of five ancient classic works based on Confucianism. It is said that they were edited or revised by Confucius, one of the founders of Confucianism. Qin Shihuang "burned books to bury Confucianism". It is said that Yue Ji was lost after the Qin fire. On this basis, The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Filial Piety and The Seven Classics of * * * were added in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhou Li, Book of Rites, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Valley, Erya and Twelve Classics were added in the Tang Dynasty. Mencius was supplemented in the Song Dynasty, and later the Notes to Thirteen Classics was handed down from generation to generation.
The last five classics refer to Zhouyi, Shangshu, Book of Songs, Book of Rites and Zuo Zhuan. The Five Classics refer to The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Yijing and Chunqiu.
Among them, The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China, and * * * contains 305 poems of the Zhou Dynasty. Originally called "Poetry" or "Poetry 300", Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty began to call "The Book of Songs". The existing Book of Songs was handed down by Mao Heng in the Han Dynasty, so it is also called Mao Shi.
reference data
Qingning. The complete story of four books and five classics in one book. Beijing: China Textile Publishing House, 20 1 1.