A new discipline category of art has been added, but no discipline category of military science has been established. The number 1 1 is reserved. Professional categories increased from 73 before the revision to 92. The number of specialties has been reduced from 635 before the revision to 506.
There is a main category and four majors under the philosophy category. There are four majors in economics, 17. The law stipulates that there are 6 majors and 32 majors. Pedagogy is divided into two categories and 16 categories.
There are 76 kinds of literature in three categories. History, 1 major, 6 majors. Science 12 major, 36 majors. Engineering 3 1, engineering 169. There are 7 majors and 27 majors in agronomy.
1 1 specialty, 44 specialties in the medical field. There are 9 management majors and 46 management majors. Art has 5 majors and 33 majors.
Historical development of specialty
1, professional creation-the creation of advanced technology represented by tools.
In the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age, until the "Four Great Inventions" in ancient China, primitive masons, coppersmith and carpenter, as the initial professional prototypes, were still popular in family workshops.
2. The beginning of modern specialty —— The industrial revolution represented by the steam engine initiated the beginning of modern specialty.
Edison is the king of modern industrial inventions. He contributed many inventions to mankind, including incandescent lamps and telephones that are still in use today. Factories, workshops and other primitive industrial structures have emerged.
In these places, they have been engaged in different product processing and service division for a long time, and the embryonic form of modern industrial specialization has emerged.
3. The emergence of modern majors-the emergence of modern majors represented by the rapid development of modern science and technology such as education and industry.
Due to a large number of socialized division of labor and educational practice, the name and work content of industrial and commercial practice, planning, design and research for specific groups of people have been promoted, a new profession has been promoted, and the professional spread of ideas has been promoted.
4. Modern vocational mode-represented by vocational training, education and personnel training.
Because the development of large-scale industry needs scientific talents with certain skills, technology, scientific theory, scientific research, experiment, testing and scientific evaluation, the large-scale output of human talents meets the needs of a large number of society and enterprises, and lays the basic concept of specialty under modern information conditions.
5. Differentiation and merger of majors-the result of the high development of majors is the differentiation and merger of majors.
Due to the rapid development of social high technology, while enjoying the rapid development of science and technology, human beings have developed and changed traditional majors, and advanced science and technology have moved forward step by step.
With the continuous differentiation into new majors and the transformation into a large number of professional needs of society and enterprises, people call for more professional guidance and services to improve their professional and technical content, such as industrial antistatic and industrial automation training.
Some occupations with insufficient scientific and technological content have been verified by production practice, such as secretaries, which may gradually disappear due to the rapid development of human quality and office technology.
6. Unity of knowing and doing-professional practice
The accumulation of professional knowledge depends on the civilization and progress of human society. The essence of professional knowledge is to scientifically regulate human knowledge and behavior. Practice code combines knowledge and practice within the boundaries of specific professional project plans and fields.