willow
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
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Tang He Zhang Zhi
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
To annotate ...
(1) Willow: willow, deciduous tree or shrub, with long and narrow leaves and many kinds. This poem describes weeping willows.
⑵ Jasper: Bright green jade. Here is a metaphor for the bright green willow leaves in spring.
(3) make-up: decorate.
(4) a tree: full of trees. One, full, full. In China's classical poems and articles, the use of quantifiers does not necessarily indicate the exact number. The "ten thousand" in the next sentence is of great significance.
Tapestry: a rope made of silk. Silk tapestry: Describe a wicker like a ribbon.
[6] cutting: cutting, dividing an object into several parts with a knife or scissors.
February: February in the lunar calendar is the early spring season.
Like: like, like, like.
Guide reading
This poem sings the spring breeze through the willow tree, compares the spring breeze to scissors, says that she is the creator of beauty, and praises her for cutting out the spring. This poem is full of people's joy in early spring. The novelty and appropriateness of metaphor and metaphor is the success of this poem. "Notes on Tang Poetry" says: "Things are wonderful, but the meaning is soft."
This is an object-chanting poem about willow trees in early spring and February.
Where should I start writing willow? There is no doubt that the beauty of its image lies in Naman's long branches. Once a year, it grows new green leaves and hangs down, which has a charming posture in the spring breeze. This is something that everyone can appreciate. In classical poetry, we often see this kind of image beauty to describe and compare a beautiful woman's slim figure and graceful waist branches. This poem is original. Turn it over. "Jasper pretends to be a tall tree". At first, Liu Yang appeared as a beautiful woman: "Thousands of threads of moss tapestry hang down", and these countless threads became her nepotism. The word "Gao" in the previous sentence sets off the graceful charm of beautiful Tingting; The word "hanging" in the next sentence means that the slender waist is swaying in the wind. There are no words "willow" and "waist branch" in the poem, but the beauty embodied by weeping willows and willows in early spring is vividly written. "Southern History" said that Liu Yong was the secretariat of Yizhou and presented several Shu Liu plants. "These stripes are very long and look like silk threads." Emperor Wu of Qi planted these willows in the Taichang cloud and in front of the temple, saying that they were "romantic and lovely". Here, wicker is called "green silk tapestry", which may be the hidden use of this famous allusion about willow. But it's a waste, and you can't see any traces.
"Jasper makeup" leads to "moss tapestry" and "who cut it". Finally, the intangible "spring breeze" is also vividly portrayed by "scissors". These "scissors" cut out bright green flowers and plants and put on a new makeup for the earth. It is the symbol of natural vitality and the inspiration of spring to people's beauty. From Jasper Makeup to Scissors, we can see a series of processes of the poet's artistic conception. A series of images in poetry are closely linked.
Some people may think: There were many famous beauties in ancient China, Liu. Why should we compare them with Jasper? I think this has two meanings: first, the name Jasper is related to the color of willow, and the words "green" and "green" in the next sentence complement each other. Second, Jasper will always leave a young impression in people's hearts. When it comes to Jasper, people will associate it with the popular Jasper Song "When Jasper Broke a Melon" and Jasper's Little Family Daughter (Xiao Yi Picking Lotus Poems) and other poems. Jasper has almost become a general term for young and beautiful women in ancient literary works. Comparing willow with jasper, people will imagine that this beauty has not yet reached its heyday; This willow is still a willow in early spring, and it is not the time to hide crows with dense branches and leaves; This is also related to the "thin leaves" and "February spring breeze" below.
Brief introduction of the author
He was a poet in Tang Dynasty. The word Ji Zhen, the word Wei Mo, the number stone window, and the number Siming fanatic in his later years, also known as the external supervisor. Ranked eighth, known as "He Ba". Huiji Yongxing (now Xiaoshan, Zhejiang) was born. Zheng Shengyuan was a scholar in 695. Received Dr. Guo Zisi and transferred to Shao Qingtai Chang and Jixian College to study for a bachelor's degree. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), he was the assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, and the palace minister was in charge. So it is called "He Mijian" or "He Jian" for short. In the third year of Tianbao (744), he resigned and returned to his hometown to become a Taoist priest, building a seclusion for later generations. He died at the age of 86. He was famous for his poems when he was young, and became famous in Beijing during the Dragon Boat Festival (705-707). In the early years of Kaiyuan, Bao Rong, Zhang Xu and Zhang, who were famous for their poems, were collectively called "Four Scholars in Wuzhong", also known as "Four Friends in Wuzhong" and "Four Masters in Wuzhong". He is a rich, generous and open-minded person, and a generation who can learn from romantic life. I especially like to improvise poetry while drinking until I run out of paper. The Interruption of the Sea by Zeng, Zhang Xu and Cui Zongsi, together with Song and Meng Haoran, are called "Ten Immortals". He and Zhang Xu are congenial, close contacts and in-laws, so people often call them "He Zhang". The two often travel together. "Every family has a good wall and a good barrier. Suddenly, I forgot the opportunity for development, and I put pen to paper for several lines, flying like a bug. Although Zhang (Zhi) and Suo (Jing) are not as good as ancient times. Good-hearted people provide them with a letter to pass on the treasure. " (Shi Su's Records of Jiatai Meeting) Why is cursive script famous? In Shu Shu Fu, he praised his cursive script as "excellent in writing" and "contending with nature, and arriving without manpower", while Lu Zongxu's book review thought that "the vertical pen flies endlessly" and Li Bai compared it to Wang Xizhi in the poem "Seeing the guests off to Vietnam", saying that "the mirror lake overflows with clear waves, and the fanatics return to the boat." Yin Shan Taoist: If we meet, we should write "Huang Ting" for the white goose. "Lu Xiang's poem" Send greetings to the prison, return to the meeting "says:" Qingmen resists thanking guests, and remonstrates against Wang Xianzhi. Chang' an plain book is biased, and the work is often cherished. "It's called Wang Xianzhi. At that time, people also called its cursive script, meteorite stone in our province, crane painted by Xue Ji and phoenix painted by Lang Yu as "four wonders" in our province. However, He's calligraphy is rare in the world. The only cursive script that can be seen now is the Book of Filial Piety, which is full of strokes, intense stippling, alternating shades, and virtual reality. The knot leans left and right, drifting with the tide; The composition is like flowing water, which fully embodies his romantic feelings. He's cursive script opened the prelude to the romantic atmosphere of cursive script in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In addition, He is also good at regular script, which has been passed down from generation to generation.
Modern Translation of Ancient Poetry
A tall willow, dressed like jasper, with countless branches hanging down and green silk strips. I wonder who cut off the thin willow leaves. The warm and cold February spring breeze is like a pair of scissors.
Appreciation of famous sentences-"I don't know who carries thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors."
"Jasper dressed as a tree, thousands of strands of green silk tapestry hanging down", profoundly grasped the characteristics of weeping willows. In the poet's eyes, it is like the embodiment of beauty. The tall trunk is like her graceful charm, drooping wicker, like the ribbon on her skirt. Here, willow is a person, and this person is willow. There seems to be no obvious difference between the two. And "Jasper" also has a pun meaning. Literally, in harmony with the green of willow trees, it also refers to young and beautiful girls, which just echoes the following "spring breeze in February"-this is the weeping willow in early spring, and it has not yet reached the time when the trees are graceful and the shadows are clear and round. But the following two sentences are even better: "I don't know who bears the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors." Before he opened it, who thought the spring breeze was like scissors? Turning the warm and cold February spring breeze from invisible to tangible shows the magic and dexterity of the spring breeze, making Singing Willow a poetic model of describing the object.
[Edit this paragraph] Ceng Gong's "Singing Willow"
Chaos is not yet yellow, leaning against the east wind.
I wonder if there is frost in heaven and earth.
Brief introduction of the author
Ceng Gong (10 19— 1083) was born in Nanfeng (now Jiangxi). Northern Song Dynasty writer, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Song Jiayou became a scholar in the second year (1057). When I was a child, Ceng Gong and his brother Zeng Ye studied hard together and studied hard, but Bai You showed a good talent. His younger brother Zeng Zhao called him "born alert, not like a teenager" in "A Journey to My Dead Brother", and he had a superior memory, "reading tens of thousands of words and blurting it out". In the second year of Jiayou (1057), at the age of 39, he was admitted as a scholar and was appointed as the Taiping Judicial Army, from which he embarked on his career. The following year, Feng recalled to Beijing, edited and collated books in the history museum, moved the museum to collate, and recruited collating talents. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as the governor of Qi, Xiang, Hong, Fu, Ming and Bo, and was quite famous. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he moved to Cangzhou and passed the capital. When Zongshen summoned him, he proposed that economy was the key to financial management, which was quite appreciated by Zongshen, and he left three classes to serve. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen was good at historiography, so he appointed the History Museum to compile the Outline of the Five Dynasties, but failed. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, he worshipped Zhongshu Sheren. He died in Jiangning House the following year. When operating Buddhism, we pursue "Wen Ding". Ceng Gong's performance on the political stage is not outstanding, but his greater contribution lies in his academic thought and literary career.
Ceng Gong's thought belongs to the Confucian system. He agreed with Confucius and Mencius' philosophical views, emphasizing "benevolence" and "sincerity", and believed that as long as he was open-minded and introspected and cultivated himself sincerely according to the golden mean, he could understand and dominate the world. Politically, he opposed the merger policy and advocated developing agriculture and opening up roads. When he was a local official, he always took "benevolence" as his bosom, "except rape, arouse its evil; Get rid of their sufferings and caress their kindness "(Preface to qi zhou's Miscellaneous Poems). Due to the limitations of his thoughts, he had some different views on Wang Anshi's political reform. He believes that the denser the law, the more disadvantages it will have. However, Ceng Gong does not advocate obeying the law. Dissatisfied with the insistence of the incumbent, he put forward "Buddhism, so it is necessary to be flexible and not necessarily the same;" Tao, so the foundation is also indispensable "(Preface to the Catalogue of Warring States Policy). It advocates the necessary reform of the law without losing the will of the former king. In action, he was able to uphold the new law. When he was an official in qi zhou, he was able to practice the Garbo law and let the people of Jizhou live and work in peace and contentment. Ceng Gong made great achievements in prose creation, and was an active participant in the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He learned from Sima Qian, Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu, and advocated "Ming Dow as the body of writing", which extended Ouyang Xiu's view of "keeping promises and having a proper way to speak" to historical biography literature and inscriptions. He said in the Preface to the Book of Southern Qi Dynasty: "The so-called good historian in ancient times must know his way and his things, his way must be suitable for the world, and his wisdom must be enough to understand his feelings and be difficult to express, so he can do whatever he wants." He emphasized that only "people with moral ability to write articles" can make a big fuss and write "Ming Dow". Most of his articles were written by Ming Dow, and his writing style is known as "quaint, upright and harmonious". According to the legend in the History of Song Dynasty, he "stood between Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi, rich but not greasy, simple but not unlucky, and stood out from the crowd and became his own family". His argumentative essays analyze whispers, clarify doubts, stand on one's own feet, analyze and distinguish difficulties, and show no edge. Tang Lun is one of the representative works, which assists the argumentation of ancient things, emphasizes gains and losses, has fluent language and slow pace, and can be compared with Ouyang Xiu's "The Theory of Partisan". His narrative prose is rich in information and emotion, and his arguments are pertinent and vivid. The famous Mo Chi Ji and Yue Zhou Zhao Gong Disaster Relief Ji are profound, forceful and reasonable. His book, preface and inscription are also good articles. "Letter to Mr. Ouyang Scheeren" and "Ruling Book of Upper Fuzhou" have always been regarded as model essays. The narrative is euphemistic and profound, the language is concise and concise, and the structure is very rigorous. The Preface to the Catalogue of Warring States Policy is magnificent and highly respected by people. When Quincy's style prevailed, his prose and Ouyang Xiu's prose, a sculpted style, tended to be simple and natural. Wang Anshi once praised: "Ceng Zi's articles are rare in the world, and water is a bucket of Jianghan stars." (Gu Ceng Zi). Su Shi also said: "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, so it is difficult to go to heaven;" Ceng Zi is unique in anecdotes, lonely and ugly. "Ceng Gong is also good at writing poems, with more than 400 poems handed down from generation to generation. His poems are either magnificent or euphemistic, all of which are profound and interesting. Forced Rent depicts the tragic situation of "nine-year-old summer withers and the sun burns Wan Li", and "although the plan sells strong, the potential is not weak", calling for "violent officials should be removed and floating fees can be cut", similar to Wang Anshi's poem "Bing". The quatrains "West Building" and "South of the City" are fresh and meaningful, and have the charm of Wang Anshi's poems in his later years. Most of his poems about things are full of new ideas, such as the poem "Singing Willow": "Chaos is not yet yellow, and I am crazy about the east wind. I wonder if there is frost in heaven and earth. "Willow is a metaphor of traitors and evil forces, which is vivid and profound. Ceng Gong's poems are detached in style and fresh in words, but some of them also have the common fault of expressing classical Chinese in Song poetry, which is also covered up by the title, so people don't pay much attention to them. Ceng Gong has also made great achievements in sorting out ancient books and editing historical books in his life. He collated The Warring States Policy, Shuo Yuan, Biography of Lienv, Li Taibai Ji and Chen Shu. Because of his visit, the two books, Warring States Policy and Shuoyuan, were not lost. Every time he writes a book at school, he has to write a preface, so as to "distinguish academic chapters and examine the edges in the mirror." "Ceng Gong has a good collection of books, with more than 20,000 ancient books; Collect 500 volumes of seal cutting and name it "Jin Shi Lu". Ceng Gong's research is rigorous, and every force scholar strives to think deeply and seek, so as to know its importance and subtlety, and to "gallop up and down, make more achievements". His younger brother Zeng Zhao said that his article "was handed down from generation to generation in less than ten days at the end of the month, and the bachelor and doctor recited it by hand, lest it was too late" (Zeng Zhao's Death of My Brother, see the end of Yuan Feng's manuscript). Ceng Gong has trained a group of famous Confucian masters, and Chen Shidao, Wujiu Wang, Zeng Zhaohe and Ceng Bu have all been used by him. " "Song and Yuan Learning Cases" says: "Chen Wuji (a teacher) is eager to learn and study hard. Taking Ceng Zi Valley and Zigu as points, he went to Baidu, and he made a promise and prepared without hesitation. "Ceng Gong's article also has a great influence on later generations. Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty "loved his strict words and lived in taste and chanting". Wang, Mao Kun and Gui Youguang, essayists in the Tang and Song Dynasties in the Ming Dynasty, and Liu Dahuai, Yao Nai and Qian Rusi of Tongcheng School in the Qing Dynasty all took his articles as the standard. " "The History of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Chuan" contains: "Caution is the text, and Qin and Han Dynasties are the beginning, which means that there is no merit in Tokyo. European writing was burned, and old works were imitated, especially in Ceng Gong; If you don't accept it at first, it will change over time. "Ceng Gong's life is rich in works, with 50 volumes of Yuan Feng's codex, 40 volumes of Yuan Feng's codex, and the external set 10, which is world-renowned. Besides, he also wrote Records of Wei Dao, Biography of University Students, Compilation of the Book of Rites, Miscellaneous Affairs, Strategies of Politicians in Song Dynasty, Textual Research of the Book of Songs and so on. After the Song Dynasty crossed to the south, the codex and foreign codex were lost, and only 50 volumes of Yuanfeng codex remained. Another 30-volume old title "Longping Collection" was written by Ceng Gong, but there were some mistakes in previous research.
explain
This poem vividly describes the scenery of catkins and flying flowers. With the help of the east wind, catkins dance wildly, unstoppable, as if the whole world belongs to them. Grasp the characteristics of things. Personalize it, and let people see an image of being mad at success.
explain
1 rely on-rely on, rely on. Crazy.-crazy. These two sentences describe that willows turn green quickly in spring: wicker doesn't seem to turn yellow yet, but it turns green quickly when the east wind blows warm.
2 solution-solution, understand. Flying flowers-catkin.
The meaning of these two sentences is: Don't just see the catkins flying and covering the sky, you know, there are still willow leaves falling in first frost!
Literal meaning
The messy willow branches haven't turned yellow yet, dancing wildly under the east wind. I tried to cover the sun and the moon with birds, but I didn't know there was autumn frost between heaven and earth.