Do you want to spend less money during your PhD? You can choose to study for a doctorate at a very low cost in a world-class university in Germany, France, Finland, Sweden or Norway. The following study abroad network Bian Xiao will introduce the advantages of doctoral studies in these countries.

1. Studying for a doctorate in Germany

Germany is famous for its high academic level, high living standard and free tuition. In fact, in the QS World University Ranking in 20 19, as many as 43 German universities were among the top 750, including technical university of munich (6th1name), Ludwig-maximilian University (62nd) and Heidelberg University (64th). The German cities on the QS list of the best student cities include Berlin and Munich. Berlin is home to the Curry Sausage Museum and home to cool algorithm start-ups. Munich is famous for its annual Oktoberfest.

2. Studying for a doctorate in France

In the QS World University Ranking, 1 1 universities have entered the top 300 in the world, including Paris College of Arts and Sciences (ranked 50th in the world) and Paris Institute of Technology (ranked 65th in the world). Doctoral fees in French public universities are relatively low. Although the tuition fees of colleges and universities may be higher, public universities in France will charge about 380 euros a year. The most popular student cities in France include Lyon, Toulouse and, of course, Paris. Due to the low tuition fees and the high concentration of internationally renowned universities, Paris has been ranked among the top five in the QS Best Student City Index.

3. Studying for a doctorate in Finland

All doctoral students in Finland, regardless of nationality, are completely free of tuition. Helsinki, the capital of Finland, ranks 75th among the best student cities in QS, and is home to the top two universities in the world, namely Helsinki University and Aalto University. It is also worth noting that Finland's vast and open space and incredible natural phenomena, such as the weird midnight sun and the gorgeous northern lights, have about 10 to 20 nights a year, and the night sky in Finland is illuminated by the northern lights.

4. Studying for a doctorate in Sweden

Sweden has the highest proportion of renewable energy among EU countries, with no less than 29 gorgeous national parks and 4,000 nature reserves. Its famous progressive politics is also reflected in its higher education system. In Sweden, all doctoral students are free, and quite a few scholarships can be used to pay for living expenses, such as through Swedish colleges or individual universities. In QS World University Ranking, eight Swedish universities rank among the top 350 in the world, among which Lund University ranks 92nd and Royal Institute of Technology ranks 104.

5. Studying for a doctorate in Norway

Tuition in Norwegian public universities is free for all students, regardless of nationality. You have to pay a student union fee for a small semester, including exams and sports facilities, which usually does not exceed 300-600 Norwegian kroner. Of course, like all Nordic countries, the cost of living is still high, which means you may want to find a scholarship to help them. In terms of universities, there are four Norwegian universities in the QS World University Ranking, among which the University of Oslo ranks 135.