In order to respond to the spirit of the relevant documents of the Propaganda Department of the College Party Committee, the Youth League Committee and other departments about the social practice activities of college students going to the countryside during the summer vacation, and deeply understand the spirit of the requirements of "four new generations" in xx, the Youth League Committee of the College of Nursing specially set up the medical and health service group for college students, and went to Jilin Province on August 5, XX to conduct publicity and research on science, technology and health culture, which achieved a complete success and achieved ideal results.
1. Attach great importance to it and organize it carefully.
Before the holiday, the Youth League Committee of the College issued the Notice on Carrying out the Social Practice Activities of "Cultural, Scientific and Healthy Going to the Countryside" for National College Students Volunteers in Summer, and held a mobilization meeting for social practice activities of student cadres to conscientiously implement the spirit of the document and determine the direction and form of practice according to professional characteristics.
Second, people-oriented social practice.
With the joint efforts of hospital leaders, teachers and classmates, our hospital prepared 200 questionnaires on residents' health and set up a blood pressure measurement team.
First, distribute publicity materials about diabetes, hypertension and summer health care knowledge to villagers, and publicize health science knowledge from door to door; Secondly, I concentrate on taking the blood pressure of the villagers, patiently answer some health problems of the villagers by using the medical knowledge I learned in school, and explain the health, diet and health care knowledge in daily life to the villagers. Have been fully recognized by the villagers. At the same time, we also conducted a questionnaire survey, including: ① the family population of rural residents; ②/kloc-adults over 0/5 years old smoke and drink; ③ Prevalence of common diseases (such as diabetes and hypertension). ), endemic diseases (such as endemic goiter, commonly known as "big thick neck disease") and mental illness. This survey * * * distributed 200 questionnaires, involving 87 households with 345 people.
Three. The results of the investigation
In this survey, * * * distributed 200 questionnaires, recovered 185, excluded invalid questionnaires 13, and obtained valid questionnaires 172, with an effective rate of 86%.
1. Respondents' family population
There are 345 people in 87 households, including male 163 and female 182. There are 3.97 people per household on average, among which 5 households have 2 people, accounting for 5.75%, 3 people per household have 3 1 household, accounting for 35.63%, 33 households have 4 people per household, 5 people per household have1household, accounting for 37.93%, and 5 people per household have/kloc-. In the investigation, we found that with the increase of family population, it also affects the health status of residents. The incidence of diseases in large families is also higher.
2. The lifestyle of rural farmers
Lifestyle is mainly determined by personal circumstances (such as age, education level, attitude towards life, etc.). The basic task of Chinese farmers has always been agricultural production, and most of them are heavy physical labor, which requires higher physical and mental health. However, due to the influence of the traditional self-sufficient production and lifestyle, farmers have formed some bad living habits. According to the questionnaire survey (see table 1 for details), there are 154 farmers with drinking habits, accounting for 44.6% of the survey population; There are 142 farmers who smoke, accounting for 41.1%of the surveyed population; There are 1 18 farmers who both smoke and drink, accounting for 34.2% of the surveyed population; There are 108 people who usually like playing mahjong and poker, accounting for 31.3% of the surveyed population; As many as 65 people have all the above habits, accounting for 18.8% of the total number. Because most farmers are engaged in high-intensity physical labor, men mostly rely on smoking and drinking to maintain their physical strength and energy, while women like to play mahjong or poker to kill time during the slack season or after the busy season. It can be seen that farmers' neglect of their own health is serious, which has a significant negative impact on the development of rural sports activities to a certain extent.
Table 1 Statistics of Daily Living Habits of Rural Farmers
Living habits: drinking, smoking, smoking, drinking, playing mahjong and poker all have the above habits.
Number of people154142118108 65
The proportion (%) is 44.6% 41.1%34.2% 31.3%18.8%.
3. Health status of rural farmers
3. 1 survey of common diseases The results of this study show that the subjects suffering from chronic diseases such as hypertension, hypoglycemia, obesity, hyperlipidemia and diabetes and other common diseases account for 6.67%, 5.80%, 8.70%, 2.90%, 1.45% and 4.93% of the total sample respectively, as shown in Table 2. The traditional lifestyle of farmers is an important reason for some chronic diseases. Because the onset is hidden and the illness lasts for a long time, people are easy to neglect and relax their vigilance. Once the disease occurs, it will bring a heavy burden to patients and families, and will more and more seriously affect the living standards and health status of farmers.
Table 2 Distribution Statistics of Chronic Diseases among Rural Farmers
Disease, blood pressure, hypoglycemia, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and other diseases
Number of people (person) 23 203010517102
Ratio (%) 6.67 5.80 8.70 2.901.45 4.93 29.60
With the rapid development of rural economy in the transition period, the unreasonable lifestyle of farmers and the lagging development of rural sports have accelerated the decline of farmers' physical and mental health. There are more and more sub-health patients, and calcium deficiency, osteoporosis and fatigue are increasing rapidly. People in this state are often potential patients with chronic diseases.
3.2 Mental illness survey Mental health has a strong impact on farmers' social adaptability. Some data show that when an individual is in a state of mental fatigue for a long time, the probability of illness increases greatly, and a good mental state can effectively maintain a high level of health. In this survey, people found that most rural farmers were in good mental condition, but we were shocked to find that a ten-year-old boy had mental problems. Only when I asked, I knew that going out to work with my parents had deeply affected my children's physical and mental health.
3.3 Investigation of Endemic Diseases Due to geographical conditions, iodine deficiency has always existed in remote rural areas in Northeast China, and the incidence of endemic goiter (commonly known as "big neck disease") is very high. Fortunately, we didn't find any patients in this survey, which reflects the concern for iodine supplementation for residents since China's reform and opening up. Residents themselves have improved their iodine supplementation level by eating iodized salt and iodine-containing foods.
4. Health care status of rural farmers
The medical conditions in village clinics are poor, the professional quality of medical staff is generally not high, and the quality of drugs used is not guaranteed, but most farmers can only rely on village clinics for medical treatment when they are sick. Among the farmers in this survey, 20. 19% have been to hospitals above the township level when they are sick. 66.35% went to the village clinic for medical treatment; There are also 13.46% farmers who delay treatment due to economic income and other reasons, and often minor illnesses drag on to serious illnesses, resulting in poorer families and unstable incomes. See table 3 for details. It is worth noting that farmers do not realize that reasonable physical activities can improve physical and mental health and prevent diseases. It can be seen that a considerable number of farmers have poor medical conditions and fitness awareness, and some farmers' physical and mental health has been seriously affected, which is not conducive to the comprehensive and balanced development of a well-off society in rural areas of Jilin Province.
Table 3 Statistical table of rural farmers' health care status
Total number of delayed diseases in hospitals and village clinics above township level.
3322 28 345
20. 19%66.35% 13.46% 100%
5. Analysis of influencing factors of rural farmers' health.
5. 1 Economic income is generally not high, and the burden of medical expenses is too heavy.
Farmers' economic income is closely related to their health. At present, the heavy economic burden of farmers' diseases, the low level of medical security, the rapid growth of medical expenses, the low coverage of medical security and the low level of economic income are the important reasons why the health status of rural residents can not be effectively improved. Economic difficulties lead to farmers' "fear of disease" mentality, which brings great difficulties to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, the increase in the cost of diagnosis and treatment of farmers' diseases has forced some people who should have been hospitalized to give up hospitalization because of illness, and their health status has further deteriorated.
5.2 Farmers' awareness of sports health is indifferent and there are misunderstandings.
The survey found that many farmers are indifferent to sports health awareness and mistakenly believe that it is not necessary to carry out special physical exercise after long-term agricultural production. Although physical exercise and productive labor are very similar in making people sweat, consuming physical strength and improving physical fitness, they are fundamentally different in essence. Moderate physical exercise can not only improve the function of respiratory system, but also improve the function of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and improve the immune ability of the body, which plays an important role in effectively controlling the occurrence of chronic diseases and rehabilitation after illness. After busy farming, taking part in physical exercise is not only beneficial to physical health, but also can promote mental health, relieve mental fatigue and connect with neighborhood feelings. Among the farmers surveyed, 52.5% think it is unnecessary to take physical exercise in agricultural production, and 58.4% think that increasing nutrition or improving diet and ensuring sleep are the main reasons for promoting health. It can be seen that quite a few farmers still have misunderstandings and do not realize the important role of physical exercise in strengthening physique, preventing diseases and improving quality of life.
5.3 Heavy productive labor and housework reduce the time for women to take part in physical exercise. Women play an important role in rural areas, not only as the main force in agricultural production, but also as the soul to maintain daily family affairs. At present, in many rural areas, most men go out to work, and almost all things at home and abroad are borne by housewives. Heavy productive labor and housework make women have little time for physical exercise. In addition, the sanitary conditions in rural areas are not ideal, and various chronic diseases and gynecological diseases seriously threaten the physical and mental health of rural women.
6. Findings and recommendations
6. 1. Conclusion
6. 1. 1 With the change of rural production and lifestyle, farmers' health presents two types. One is the long-term malnutrition of relatively poor farmers, and the pressure of production and life make their physical and mental health worse; On the other hand, because of the improvement of living standards, the relatively wealthy farmers are overnourished and lack of exercise, which makes the value of physical exercise in promoting physical and mental health increasingly prominent.
6. 1.2 The health status of farmers is worrying, with a high prevalence of chronic diseases, an increase in the incidence of mental diseases and a decrease in the incidence of endemic diseases.
6.2 Suggestions
6.2. 1 The key to improving farmers' quality of life, improving farmers' physical health and promoting rural social life harmony is to develop rural economy and increase farmers' income. The development of rural economy in Jilin Province is greatly influenced by natural conditions. It is necessary to adjust the industrial structure according to local conditions, make rational use of biological resources, give full play to the advantages of local economic characteristics, and vigorously increase farmers' income.
6.2.2 Relevant government departments should do something to enhance farmers' awareness of physical fitness and create fitness conditions. Farmers have a special working environment, great pressure on production and life, and weak awareness of physical fitness. Relevant functional departments of governments at all levels should change their concepts, correctly understand the significance of engaging in physical fitness, fully mobilize the strength of the whole society in combination with rural production and farmers' living reality, develop farmers' sports in a targeted manner, create a good atmosphere advocating physical fitness in rural areas, enhance farmers' awareness of participating in physical fitness, create conditions for farmers to participate in physical fitness activities from the management system, and further improve farmers' health level.
In practice, we have received education, increased our talents, made contributions and served the villagers wholeheartedly. Through this activity, we not only deeply understand the living conditions in rural areas in practice, but more importantly, strengthen our professional feelings, clarify our sense of responsibility and mission, and improve our social practice ability. At the same time, the activity also had a certain impact in the local area, popularized health care knowledge and made our trip to the countryside more profound.
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