Xiaoqinling is east-west, and its highest peak, Laoyacha Nao, is 24 13.8 meters above sea level, which is the highest mountain in Henan Province. Xiaoqinling gold ore field spans Henan and Shaanxi provinces, and its scope in Henan Province is consistent with Xiaoqinling. More than 600 gold-bearing quartz veins have been found in Henan section of the ore field, with lengths ranging from tens of meters to thousands of meters. Gold-bearing quartz veins are characterized by grouping, banding and parallel distribution, mainly in the northwest direction, followed by nearly north-south direction. Xiaoqinling gold deposits and ore bodies are mainly distributed in chronological veins, which are veined and lenticular. The length of the ore body is 30-300m, the longest is 740m, the depth is 100-500m, the thickness of the ore body is generally 0.3-2m, the thickest is 7.7 1m, and the average gold grade is 6- 16g/ ton. The deposit types can be divided into pyrite type and polymetallic sulfide type. All the deposits occur in the Archean Taihua Group, and the formation of the deposits is closely related to the Taihua Group and Yanshanian granite bodies. There are many deposits in the ore field, including large deposits such as Wenyu, Dongchuang, Yangzhaiyu, Dahuyu and Sifangou, medium-sized deposits such as Jindongcha, Zhuyu, Qiangmayu, Laoyacha, Jinqugou, Heshangwa and Sifangou, and a large number of small deposits. The proven gold reserves are hundreds of tons. Lingbao County has become the second largest gold production base in China.
Xiaoqinling gold ore field is densely covered with ancient caves, and it was mined on a considerable scale in the Ming Dynasty. Dongtizigou (Jingtai 145 1 year) in Jindongcha mining area has a stone carving of "Jingtai opened more than 300 holes on June 20, 2002". However, in the early Qing dynasty, the mining ban was implemented, and the deep mountain area was uninhabited for a long time because of lush trees, deep slopes and dense cliffs. In modern times, the fact that Xiaoqinling once produced gold has disappeared into oblivion.
Since 1956, the geological work in Xiaoqinling area has been carried out gradually. 1956 to 1957, the Qinling regional geological survey brigade of the Ministry of Geology conducted1in this area; 200,000 regional geological survey, delineation of heavy sand anomalies, and submission of prospecting reports for Jindongcha copper mine. 1958 The comprehensive team of Western Henan Geological Bureau made an investigation in this area, collected specimens and chemical samples, eliminated copper mines, and only calculated 140 tons of lead ore reserves. 196 1, Yu 08 team of Henan Geological Bureau conducted a heavy sand survey in the water system for the purpose of finding phosphorus and found gold. (The information about the cancellation of the rotating mechanism was not sorted out and was handed over to Yu '0 1 team), and then it was sorted out by Yu '0 1 team in 1962.
65438-0963 the State Council forwarded the report of the Ministry of Geology on mineral resources and the direction of future geological work, demanding that "gold geological work should be strengthened as an important work in the next few years". From then on, the first gold rush in China was formed after the founding of New China.
1964 at the beginning, the situation of Henan Geological Bureau was already very difficult, with few geological exploration projects and the investment was the lowest in the country. In order to get rid of the predicament, Director Yang Yupu and Deputy Director and Chief Engineer Han Yingshan pay more attention to gold prospecting, which is regarded as a way out that may reverse the passive situation of geological work in Henan Geological Bureau. The research task of gold prospecting direction was given to the comprehensive team as an urgent task to be completed within a time limit. Zhang Fumin, the technical director of the comprehensive research team, and others, after collecting information and data about gold, combined with the analysis of basic geological research results, think that the Xiaoqinling area in Lingbao is a favorable area for gold exploration. Therefore, the relevant specimens collected in the exhibition hall were analyzed, and the results showed that the gold grade of three specimens in Dajindong, Xiaoqinling was 6-50g/ ton. The analysis results immediately attracted great attention, and the comprehensive research group immediately reported to the bureau. Wang, Fu, Li and his party rushed to Lingbao. Facing the towering mountains and vast forests, they overcame many difficulties and finally found the gold-bearing vein with the help of local old hunters. Since then, they and Su Decai, Guo Tianyi and Cao Qingzhen from the 16th Henan Team have formed the general survey team. After three months of work until June, * * * discovered more than 30 gold-bearing quartz veins and more than 80 ancient caves. At this point, Xiaoqinling gold mine was discovered again.
After the discovery of Xiaoqinling gold mine, Yang Yupu, director of Henan Geological Bureau, listened to the report of the comprehensive research team in detail and solicited the opinions of Yu 16 team. Team Yu 16, who investigated crystals in Xiaoqinling, pointed out that ancient caves had appeared in Dongchuang area in the past, and the distribution of polymetallic mineralized veins was larger than that investigated. Yang Yupu decisively decided to organize the battle. His idea was strongly supported by Han Yingshan and other bureau leaders. After the campaign decision-making, according to the distribution map of crystal vein, the No.16 team adopted the dike survey method for the first time and achieved gratifying results quickly. 1June, 964, the campaign headquarters was established. The combat work is mainly undertaken by Yu 0 1 team (Far East is the captain and Yi Kecheng is the technical director). At the same time, the surveying and mapping team cooperated with the regional mineral geological survey, and also dispatched personnel from the comprehensive research team, hydrological team, geophysical team, jade 12 team and geological bureaus of Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Beijing and other provinces and cities to participate in the battle.
At the beginning of the battle, the work was extremely hard and the food and shelter were very simple. Li was one of the first people to search for gold in Xiaoqinling. He was seriously injured when climbing the cliff. The vast number of geologists persist in their work in cold and harsh terrain, but all combatants are highly motivated to find gold. Professor Feng Jinglan and Professor Meng Xianmin from the Department of Geology successively went to the battle site to guide the work, thus expanding the ore field and increasing the gold-bearing quartz veins. 1966 the combat command was abolished, and the work was undertaken by Yu No.1 team (new captain, Pan Yichang as technical director). With the passage of time, the face of a large gold mine soon appeared in front of people. Up to 1970, * * more than 500 gold-bearing quartz veins have been discovered. The distribution of gold-bearing quartz veins has been basically found out, and some large veins have been surveyed and explored.
In the aspect of deposit exploration, the exploration report of Jindongcha mining area submitted by 1967 (Wang, technical director of mining area) is the first gold exploration report in Henan Province. The reserves exceeded 10 ton, and it was classified as a large gold deposit according to the classification standard of gold deposit size in China at that time. Average grade of mining area 17. 10g/ ton, accompanied by silver, copper, lead and sulfur. 1968 submitted the report of Wenyu mining area (Huang, technical director of the mining area), which is the first gold mining area with a reserve of over 30 tons in Henan Province. In addition to these two exploration reports, to 1970, the preliminary exploration report of Dongchuang and Yangzhaiyu mining areas, the detailed investigation report of Gunmayu, Laoyacha and Wang Jiayu 30 1 vein, and the general survey report of Sifangou, Linghu, Xiyu and Nanchuang were also submitted. The proven reserves total more than 70 tons, making Xiaoqinling gold mine one of the important mountain gold bases in China.
At the end of 1970, due to the change of the situation and geological work tasks, the geological work of Xiaoqinling Gold Mine came to an end temporarily, and Yu 0 1 team withdrew from Lingbao. At the end of the work, Luo Mingjiu, Xu Yongren and Wen Tongxiang, the comprehensive groups of the brigade, compiled the Preliminary Summary of Metallogenic Geological Conditions of Xiaoqinling Gold Ore Field and Deposit Characteristics of Eastern Ore Field. This is the first special research report of this ore field. The report studies the strata, lithology, metamorphism and migmatization in the area, and points out that Laoyacha anticlinorium is ore-controlling, and the east-west thrust and flat thrust faults are ore-bearing structures. The report divides the ore field into three ore belts: north, middle and south, and draws the distribution map of more than 300 gold-bearing quartz veins in the ore belt of Dongsunqinling ore field for the first time. On the basis of summarizing the basic characteristics of the deposit, it is pointed out that mineralization is related to Yanshanian magmatism. At the same time, the characteristics of the deposit and the law of gold mineralization enrichment are expounded in depth. In a word, this report is a comprehensive summary and generalization of the geological characteristics and ore-controlling conditions of Xiaoqinling Gold Mine 1970.
At the end of 1975, the new national gold prospecting instructions were conveyed, and the Henan Geological Bureau reorganized its strength and re-established itself in Xiaoqinling. However, due to the difficult conditions, the work progress of 1975- 1980 was slow, which was the recovery period of geological work in Xiaoqinling Gold Mine. On the basis of previous work, Yangzhaiyu and Linghu were explored by the 16th Team and the 3rd Geological Team, and the exploration report of the eastern part of Yangzhaiyu (Song,,, the technical director of the mining area) was submitted on 1980, which is a large deposit.
After 1980, with the rapid development of the reform and opening-up economy and the soaring international gold price, the country's demand for gold is increasing, and the work of Xiaoqinling has begun to be strengthened. Census, exploration and scientific research are carried out simultaneously. The first geological survey team, the third and fourth exploration engineering teams of the Henan Provincial Department of Geology and Mineral Resources and the ninth detachment of the Armed Police Gold Force have carried out a lot of gold geological work in Xiaoqinling area. In addition, the team of the Provincial Nonferrous Exploration Bureau has also done a little work.
In the new round of geological work in Xiaoqinling Gold Mine, scientific research has received special attention. The Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources has issued key scientific research topics, and as an opportunity, scientific research has flourished. 1980 to 1983, the first geological survey team and the second department of Chengdu Institute of Geology undertook the key project "Study on metallogenic geological conditions and enrichment law of Xiaoqinling gold deposit", with Wang, Luan Shiwei as the leader and deputy leader of the research group. Isotopic geology, inclusion composition, electron microprobe and trace gold analysis are widely used in the geological research of gold deposits in Henan Province for the first time. The research report established five strata groups and determined the gold abundance of these strata groups, and obtained the first batch of accurate data of low abundance in gold mining areas in China, which changed the previous understanding of high gold abundance in Xiaoqinling area and thought that gold in strata was the main donor of vein gold. A new understanding of the structural form of Xiaoqinling gold ore field is put forward, and it is considered that Laoyacha anticline is a triple anticline. The NW-trending fault is the main metallogenic fault during the metallogenic period. Magmatic ore control enriches the argument that adamellite in the late Yanshan period is related to gold mineralization, and points out that the main veins are distributed within 2-7 kilometers from the rock mass. The report systematically studies the physical and chemical conditions of gold mineralization, studies the geochemical characteristics of gold deposits, and discusses the theoretical problems such as the source of ore-forming materials and geological conditions of mineralization in combination with new isotope test data. The report establishes a "trinity" metallogenic model in this area and predicts the prospect of gold resources in this area. This research report is a comprehensive and systematic geological summary and in-depth study of Xiaoqinling gold ore field after a preliminary summary of the eastern part of 1970 ore field. In addition to this study, other important studies include the Delphi method and subjective probability method for predicting the total resources of the Henan part of Xiaoqinling gold ore field (1982- 1983) completed by the Scientific Research Institute of Henan Geological Bureau in cooperation with the First Geological Survey Team, and the main ore-controlling conditions and blind ore prediction of Xiaoqinling gold mine (1986) completed by the First Geological Survey Team. In addition, there are Tao Tieyong from Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Hu from Nanjing University, Zhang Benren from China University of Geology, Zhang from Henan Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Shen Baofeng from Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Li Binglun from Institute of Geology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, He Zhili from University of Science and Technology Beijing, etc. They have done a lot of research work on Xiaoqinling gold ore field and achieved fruitful results.
"Science and technology are the primary productive forces". The continuous scientific research achievements have strongly promoted the exploration of Xiaoqinling gold deposit. During the period of 1980- 1992, the proven gold reserves increased at an average annual rate of more than 10 ton. The large-scale deposits proved by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources include the western section of Sifangou (Zhang Zhongying, Liu Juncheng, Sun Xicheng, etc. ), medium-sized deposits are the western section of Yangzhaiyu and Zhuyu. On the basis of the preliminary investigation and submission of more than ten tons of gold reserves by the first team of the Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, the Gold Ninth Detachment of the Armed Police entered the mining area and put it into work. Three veins (Zhu Yanxiu, etc. ), such as Dongchuang 507, and explored medium-sized deposits such as Gunmayu and Laoyacha. The large-scale deposits investigated in detail by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources include Dahuyu, and the medium-sized deposits include eastern Sifangou, Jinqugou and Heshangwa. In addition, the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources and the No.9 Team have also discovered some small deposits, and the No.6 Team of Geology of the Provincial Nonferrous Exploration Bureau has also discovered a small deposit.
After nearly 30 years of rediscovery and exploration, Xiaoqinling gold mine has become the largest gold mine in the Central Plains of China, and relevant units and individuals engaged in exploration and scientific research have won provincial and ministerial awards many times. 1989, Pan Yichang, Chang Jianguo, Luo Mingjiu, Yi Kecheng, Zhang Fumin, etc. 15 people explored the Xiaoqinling gold field, which is composed of Henan and Shaanxi provinces, and won the first prize of national scientific and technological progress for the major breakthrough and development achievements of Xiaoqinling gold mine geological exploration.
The development of Xiaoqinling gold ore field began at 1967. After submitting the exploration report of Jindongcha Gold Mine, Qinling Gold Mine was built immediately. Qinling gold mine was built in 1975, with a mining scale of 250 tons/day, making it the earliest mine in Xiaoqinling. Later, it gradually expanded to 1990, and the mining scale has been expanded to 750 tons/day. Following the Qinling Gold Mine, Wenyu, Gunma and Linghu mines were put into production in the late 1970s or early 1980s. In the 1980s, new mines emerged continuously, and the mining scale was expanding day by day. 1990 Xiaoqinling gold mine has 16 mine in Henan province. Among them, China Gold Company owns three mines, Qinling, Wenyu and Dongchuang, with a mining capacity of 2,000 tons/day. Linghu, Qiangma, Fancha, Andi, Tonggou and other local state-owned mines 13, mining capacity 1325 tons/day. After the hard work of geologists and the unremitting efforts of mine builders, Xiaoqinling has changed from a mountainous area with traffic jams and sparsely populated to a golden mountain with smooth roads and mines everywhere. In the past, it was almost unknown and slept at the junction of Henan and Shaanxi. Today, it is famous for its famous gold producing area, and it complements the Yellow River and Weihe River flowing under its feet.