Social reasons led to the most difficult year for employment.
The imbalance between the number of college graduates and the total social employment.
Employment is a common social problem faced by all countries in the world, among which the imbalance between supply and demand is the most prominent problem. At present, China is mainly characterized by the contradiction between supply and demand, that is, supply exceeds demand. First of all, China's population is still in the growth stage, and the new labor force is still increasing year by year. Secondly, the trend of popularization of education makes colleges and universities expand enrollment, and the number of college graduates increases year by year, but the number of social work posts fails to increase accordingly. In 20 13, there were 6.99 million college graduates nationwide, an increase of190,000 over 20 12. Plus 20 12 years of unemployed college graduates, the total is 7.2 million. Under the economic background of zero or even negative growth of social demand, this has caused a huge employment dilemma.
Connotation and structural imbalance of college graduates' employment.
This is mainly manifested in three aspects: structural unemployment, friction unemployment and cyclical unemployment. Due to the change of social and economic structure during the study period, graduates' majors and knowledge reserves can't meet the needs of the job market, which leads to the phenomenon of unsuccessful employment, which is called structural unemployment. Because the ideal expectations of graduates and employers are often not exactly the same, the probability of reaching an agreement between the two sides is reduced, resulting in frictional unemployment. The original intention of cyclical unemployment refers to unemployment caused by economic recession and insufficient total demand. At present, China's economy continues to grow, and there is no recession. However, with the increasing number of college graduates year by year, the growth rate of social demand for graduates lags behind that of graduates, resulting in insufficient effective demand. In addition, due to the downward pressure of the economy, the effective demand for social employment has slowed down, leading to corresponding cyclical unemployment.
The social management system lags behind and the market regulation efficiency is limited.
Due to the lag of social management system and the limitation of market regulation efficiency, the information asymmetry between college students and employers further magnifies the contradiction between supply and demand. For example, the comprehensive quality, education level and job-seeking expectation of graduates do not meet the requirements of employers. Market defects are also one of the reasons why it is difficult for college graduates to find jobs. On the one hand, due to the low degree of marketization, the employment market around universities, regions and industries failed to form a unified big market, which led to the high cost of information search for graduates and employers; On the other hand, the disorder of some markets leads to incomplete competition in the job market, which ultimately affects employment. In addition, there are some other reasons for the difficulty in obtaining employment. For example, the reform of personnel household registration system lags behind, which restricts the full flow of human resources.
The "buyer's market" set the recruitment conditions too high, which aggravated the structural imbalance.
Due to the imperfect development of market players in China, the development and management of enterprises are in the primary stage, and employers are in an absolute "buyer's market" position in the employment of college students, which leads to primitive, extensive and unreasonable human resource management and blind recruitment conditions. Many employers demand too high employment conditions, such as blindly pursuing high academic qualifications and demanding too high work experience.
ills of higher education
First of all, some colleges and universities have unreasonable curriculum arrangements and outdated textbooks.
The professional quality of the trained talents is insufficient and their competitiveness is relatively low. Secondly, the specialty settings in some universities are not flexible enough, and the employment direction of some majors is not clear, so it is difficult for students to form their own competitiveness after graduation. At the same time, the phenomenon of professional convergence in some colleges and universities is serious, which also leads to too many talents in the same major after graduation, the occupation tends to be saturated, and employment is difficult. At present, the single mode of talent training in higher education has also caused an embarrassing employment situation, such as the overcrowding of job seekers in management positions and the lack of job seekers in technical positions, resulting in an imbalance in the proportion of social talents.
Employment is difficult, please find it from your own reasons.
The employment concept of students and parents is wrong and outdated. Some students and parents still think that college students are highly educated elites and choose jobs with a sense of superiority, which leads to the disconnection between personal career vision and social status quo, thus causing employment difficulties. In addition, most graduates want to go to the eastern region with good economic foundation, which leads to a large gap between supply and demand of talents in the central and western regions.
Lack of entrepreneurial spirit. In recent years, our government has strongly supported college students to start their own businesses, and has issued a number of encouraging policies. However, most college students lack entrepreneurial spirit and just want to find a well-paid and relaxed job, rather than start their own business.
The salary requirement is too high. Most college graduates demand more than 2,000 yuan in salary, which virtually raises their starting point for employment, resulting in the gap between the salary vision of recent graduates and social reality, and finally forming a situation in which some college students are unwilling to find jobs even though they have jobs.
Lack of social skills and professional quality. Under China's education system, because of too much emphasis on theoretical knowledge and exam-oriented education, students eventually know nothing about society, have high IQ and low EQ, and have academic qualifications but no ability.
How to solve the employment problem of college students
Self countermeasure
Correct the wrong employment concept. Modern college students should change their old and wrong employment concepts and actively integrate into diversified employment under the new situation. Overcome the bad habit of leisure and hate work, actively play a personal role and create personal value.
Enhance entrepreneurship and innovative ideas. In recent years, the state has issued relevant policies for college students to start their own businesses, which is the best opportunity for college students to display their talents in the new era. College students should take this opportunity to open up their own world, at the same time create jobs, attract social talents, and realize the dual functions of starting a business and stimulating employment.
Improve the overall quality of individuals. Pay attention to improving their moral, cultural and psychological qualities, cultivate their communication and work skills, improve their ability of unity, cooperation and innovation, and enhance their competitiveness and self-confidence, so as to become qualified talents to meet the needs of society.
Social countermeasures
Give full play to the policy-oriented role and effectively adjust the employment contradiction of college students. In order to solve the employment problem of college students, the government has issued some policies and systems, and achieved initial results. In order to further broaden the employment channels of college students, the government needs to continue to explore effective measures to solve the employment of college students and realize the smooth transition of college students from school to workplace.
Maximize the role of the market in allocating resources. Guided by the demand of talent market and scientifically guiding graduates' employment, we should establish a socialized service system for college graduates as soon as possible, strengthen the management and supervision of graduates' employment market, punish organizers and individuals who attract exhibitors and students with false information, standardize and guide various job fairs, improve the environment and improve the quality of job fairs. Vigorously cultivate and develop specialized companies to provide guidance and professional services for college students' employment; In order to standardize the employment market and improve the service ability of intermediary agencies, it is necessary to set the service product standards of talent intermediary agencies in the gradual standardization, so as to make them standardized, personalized and diversified to meet the needs of the college students' employment market; Integrate employment information resources to form a unified national employment publishing channel.
Deepen the reform of colleges and universities and realize the integration of higher education and society. Enhance the quality and social adaptability of graduates, set up majors and courses according to social needs, and constantly innovate teaching forms and contents, so that colleges and universities can better perform their social service functions; In the teaching reform of colleges and universities, we should persist in promoting quality education, strengthen students' practical ability and optimize the personnel training structure; In the specialty construction and adjustment, colleges and universities should be guided by social needs, actively reform, optimize the discipline structure, add new majors in time, develop superior majors and build brand majors. At the same time, establish relevant index system to provide scientific basis for professional adjustment.
College graduates are the backbone of China's human resources army. In developed countries, the employment of college students accounts for 37%-40% of the total number of employees, while China only accounts for 5%. Rational allocation and effective development of college students' resources is an important task of China's talent strategy. The employment difficulty of college students is a typical problem in the process of social and economic development in China. With the attention of the whole society and the joint efforts of the government, educational institutions and college students themselves, China will certainly be able to build an employment management mechanism that adapts to the new social situation and new needs, and the social problem of college students' employment difficulties will be properly solved.