In the 15th year of Hongwu (1382), in November, Zhu Yuanzhang set up imperial academy in imitation of Song Dynasty (Gai Hua, Wuying, Wenhua and Shenshen in Ming Dynasty, as well as Yuan Wen and Dongge). Four people, including Confucian scholar Bao Yao, were recruited to Beijing to be university students in Wenhua Hall. Bao Yao and others voiced because of old age and illness [3] (pages 2359 ~ 2360). During the Hongwu period, the main task of Diange University was to serve the emperor and prepare for the consultant. The university students in Diange are responsible for compiling books, defending progress and talking about the way of governing the country by monarchies. At this time, the status and role of the Diange university students is not as good as that of the Hanlin Academy. In the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu (1392), the Ming court redefined the official products, and the Diange university students and the Hanlin Academy were all positive five products, but the university students ranked behind the Hanlin Academy. During the Hongwu period, the duty of Hanlin's bachelor was to determine the rites and music, assess the (ancient) code system, discuss the election of generals, participate in the election of governors, and discuss the appointment of people according to the rules. The last three items were discussed face to face with the emperor. Obviously, during this period, the influence of Hanlin bachelor on the emperor's decision-making exceeded that of Diange bachelor.

During Yongle period, the cabinet was established on the basis of the system of Hongwu Diange University and Hanlin University. After Ming Chengzu succeeded to the throne, he ordered seven people, including Jie Jin, to participate in the maintenance. They were "left and right". Jie Jin, Hu Guang and others served as academicians of Hanlin and Zuoyou Chunfang for a long time, and it was not until April 14th of Yongle (14 16) that Hu Guangcai was officially appointed as "Wenyuange scholar" (Jie Jin had already been convicted) [5] (P. 1920). In the first month of the 18th year of Yongle, Cheng Zu appointed Yang Rong and Jin Youzi as college students in Wenyuan Pavilion. As can be seen, in the early Yongle period, the college system of Diange in Hongwu period was not restored by name, but only some officials in imperial academy (Bachelor of imperial academy, Bachelor of Listening to Politics, Bachelor of Listening to Politics, etc. ) are specially prepared to attend and participate in secret. In the late Yongle period, three people were appointed as college students of Wenyuange. Because Wenyuanting is in the imperial city, Wenyuanting University is called Cabinet University. At the beginning of Renzong's succession, Yang Shiqi was a college student of Gaihuatang, Huanghuai was a college student of Wuyingtang and Yang Rong was also a college student of Tangtang, which restored the academy system of Diange in Hongwu period. However, at this time, the strength of college students is far more important than that of Hongwu period. During the Xuande period, there were patent rooms and manufacturing rooms under the cabinet. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are responsible for copying and preserving manuscripts of confidential documents such as official letters and imperial edicts [6] (pages 22-24). At that time, Shang Zhouwang, Xia Yuanji and Sanyang (etc. ) "participated in the maintenance" [7](p530), and Zhou and Xia also gained the same power as the cabinet university students. After orthodoxy, ministers who participated in the maintenance were generally cabinet college students.

The responsibilities of the Cabinet are: 1. Draft the ticket and play it. During the Yongle period, Jie Jin, Hu Guang and others mainly expressed their opinions on orders to help the emperor make decisions. To the orthodox period, this practice became a system [8]. 2. Write imperial edicts (the cabinet had this power during the reign of Injong at the latest). The imperial edicts on the use of soldiers in Ming Dynasty were generally summoned by the Ministry of War, drafted after being examined and approved by the Cabinet, stamped with the imperial seal, and copied to the Ministry of War for implementation [9] (pp.12,48, 166). 3. Recite state affairs. At the beginning of orthodoxy, Yingzong was young, and Sanyang assisted the court. Yang Shiqi, a college student, presided over the discussion many times. After Tianshun, especially during the reign of Wan Jia, the power of the cabinet was weakened and the cabinet became the protagonist of the meeting. 4. It hindered the emperor's life. The emperor ordered the cabinet to draft the throne, and sometimes if the throne was improper, the cabinet refused to draft it. If the emperor makes a wrong decision, the cabinet can propose amendments or even objections. From the late period of Zheng De to Wanli, there were many cases in which the cabinet vetoed the imperial edict. 5. Sponsor talents. During the Tianshun period, Li Xian, a cabinet university student, recommended Maang as the minister of war. In addition, the cabinet university was also ordered to tutor the prince, preside over the revision of books, and go out to supervise teachers.

The position of the cabinet in the Ming Dynasty should be investigated from two aspects: on the one hand, the relationship with the six ministries; On the other hand, it is the relationship with the emperor. During the Hongwu period, both the Hanlin bachelor and the Diange university were just five products, and their status was far lower than that of the six ministers (just two products). During the Yongle period, seven people were given two Luo clothes. When Emperor Yongle rewarded ministers, he ordered more than once to give these bachelors "the same history". Therefore, taking a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering during Yongle period is equivalent to history. After Injong succeeded to the throne, Huang Huai, Yang Shiqi and Jin Youzi were appointed ministers respectively, and they were also university students of Diange [10] (P. 199). In the early days of orthodoxy, Sanyang, a combination of Shangshu, Sangu and a college student, had the highest status in the DPRK. In the later period of orthodoxy, eunuch Wang Zhen was authoritarian, and his position as a bachelor of cabinet declined. During Jingtai period, cabinet officials were above six ministers in the Five Dynasties and Banquet Day. At the same time, however, the proposal discussed by the six ministries and the cabinet was also rejected by the ministers. During Tianshun period, Li Xian was a senior official and cabinet scholar, ranking higher than other senior officials. During the Jiajing period, the cabinet Jinshi of the Chang Dynasty was above the six ministers. Although there is a trend that there are more bachelor positions in the cabinet than six ministers, before Jiajing, the cabinet generally could not interfere in the affairs of ministers. By Jiajing period, to a certain extent, six ministries followed the cabinet. After the mid-Wanli period, the status of the cabinet declined slightly, but it was still higher than the six ministries.