In recent years, with the central government's further inclination to grassroots employment projects, more and more college graduates voluntarily choose to work at the grassroots level. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 20 14, * * more than1060,000 college graduates had voluntarily participated in major grassroots employment projects such as "Western Volunteer Program", "College Student Village Program", "Three Support and One Support Program" and "Rural Special Post Program". So, what exactly affects college students' employment at the grassroots level? Through the investigation and analysis of China Youth Research Center on college students' participation in the above-mentioned grass-roots employment projects, the author not only answered this question, but also provided us with ideas on how to guide more college graduates to work at the grass-roots level.
The cornerstone of national governance is grass-roots governance, which means that a solid grass-roots level will make the world safe, and a rich grass-roots level will make the country strong. The modernization of grass-roots governance largely determines the realization of the modernization goal of state governance. College students are one of the main bodies of outstanding young people. They are full of vigor and vitality, master cutting-edge technology, and are the new force for building the country in the future. Guiding college students to work at the grassroots level is not only an effective way to improve the efficiency of national employment allocation, but also an effective way to train young talents, so that they can be grounded, develop their skills and better realize their life development.
In recent years, the Central Organization Department, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other departments have issued a series of policy documents on college students' grassroots employment, which have played an important role in college students' grassroots employment and China's economic and social development. Among them, "Western Volunteer Program", "College Student Village Officer", "Three Support and One Support Program" and "Rural Special Post Program" have become the most familiar grass-roots employment projects for college students. Then, how do college students view the above-mentioned grass-roots employment policies during the implementation of grass-roots employment projects? What are their willingness to participate in grassroots employment projects and what factors will affect them? How satisfied are they with grass-roots employment projects? What are their opinions and suggestions?
What are the factors that affect college students' participation in grassroots employment?
There are two factors that affect college students' willingness to work at the grass-roots level: "incentive factor" and "exclusion factor". "Incentive factors" are the factors that promote graduates to participate in grass-roots employment projects, while "exclusion factors" are the factors that hinder their participation.
"Incentive factors" mainly refer to preferential policies, while "exclusion factors" mainly focus on the individual level, including education level, gender, family income, work expectation and personal ability and quality. These factors may produce incentive factors and exclusion factors. On the whole, the following factors * * * affect college students' willingness to work at the grassroots level.
First of all, preferential policies are the main part of "incentive factors". The government's propaganda and promotion of employment policy has strengthened the willingness of graduates to go to the grassroots. At the same time, more and more preferential policies have also increased graduates' good expectations for the future and their willingness to participate in the project. The broad development space at the grassroots level has also become an important factor to encourage more graduates to seek development space at the grassroots level. With the intensification of employment competition in big cities, the cost of living has increased and the pressure of life has increased. According to the survey data, nearly 7 1% college students, that is, graduates with low academic qualifications, are very willing or willing to work at the grassroots level. The main reason is that junior college students are not as competitive as undergraduate and master students in cities. The low family income of graduates is also one of the "incentives". Low-income families often have less social capital. Grassroots employment has become a rational choice for this type of graduates to avoid the "ceiling" of competition in big cities. In addition, taking the initiative to choose grass-roots units to exercise their personal abilities, thinking that grass-roots units can really exercise their personal abilities and have room to display their abilities, is also an incentive factor for many graduates to choose grass-roots employment.
Second, the "exclusion factor" involves many aspects, and the influence direction is more complicated. As far as education is concerned, education is an incentive factor for junior college students, but it plays a more exclusive role for undergraduates, master students and doctoral students. Graduates from low-income families are more willing to work at the grassroots level, while graduates from high-income families are more willing to stay in the city for development. Unfamiliar with the grassroots environment is also one of the "exclusion factors" that affect college students' employment at the grassroots level. For example, the subjective bad imagination of language, customs, and even weather and diet will make graduates shrink back. Finally, the selection process of grass-roots employment projects pays attention to the personal ability and quality of graduates, including academic performance, social ability, organizational ability and basic work skills. The competition of project selection also makes some graduates who think they are not good enough quit.
From the above analysis, we can see that there are both "incentive factors" and "exclusion factors" in college students' willingness to work at the grassroots level, which are intertwined and work together. The key to improve the enthusiasm of college students to participate in grass-roots employment projects lies in how to transform the "exclusion factor" that can be transformed into "incentive factor" into incentive factor.
Original title: What is the impact of college students' grassroots employment? Will you choose to go to the grassroots?
Are college students satisfied with the employment situation at the grass-roots level?
Frederick Herzberg, an American psychologist, put forward the dual-factor theory of "motivation-health care", which holds that there are two main factors that cause people's work motivation: one is motivation, and the other is health care. Only incentive factors can bring people satisfaction, thus improving people's work enthusiasm; Health factors can only eliminate people's dissatisfaction, but not bring satisfaction.
The survey data shows that most college students are satisfied with the evaluation of grass-roots employment projects, but their satisfaction is not high. Therefore, we need to analyze what are the "incentive factors" and "health factors" in college students' grass-roots employment projects, so as to find out their satisfaction with grass-roots employment projects and improve their satisfaction.
Incentive-health care theory holds that "health care factors" have the following aspects: security, status, salary, working conditions, relationship with superiors, supervision, administrative management system and so on. Health factors can only eliminate employees' dissatisfaction, but not bring satisfaction. For college students who choose grass-roots employment, "health factors" include basic working environment, project guarantee, safety guarantee, work treatment and so on. If these basic conditions are not done well, then the satisfaction of graduates is very low. According to the survey data, the satisfaction of graduates who are employed at the grass-roots level with better basic working conditions is obviously higher than that of graduates who are employed at the grass-roots level with lower basic working conditions. The data also show that the three items with the lowest satisfaction of college students are working environment, working treatment and project guarantee, which shows that the government's work on "health factors" of these grass-roots employment projects needs to be strengthened.
"Incentive factors" include growth, promotion, responsibility, work itself, recognition, achievement and so on. "Incentive factors" can bring satisfaction to employees and improve their enthusiasm for work. The survey shows that college students are relatively satisfied with work tasks, personal ability display and development space in the "incentive factors". The reason is that college students can get the attention of local leaders, make contributions to local work, give full play to their talents, and have a sense of satisfaction in realizing their self-worth to some extent. It can be seen that at the incentive level, the satisfaction of college students is relatively high.
Combined with data and theoretical analysis, the overall evaluation of college students' satisfaction with grass-roots employment projects is that college students are generally satisfied with grass-roots employment projects, but their satisfaction is not high. Most college students are dissatisfied with "health factors", which can also be called "safeguard measures and environmental aspects"; For "incentive factors", which can also be called "development measures and opportunities", college students are highly satisfied.
Measures and suggestions to encourage college students to find jobs at the grassroots level
In order to better carry out grass-roots employment projects and promote the participation of college graduates, the government should enhance the willingness of college students to participate in grass-roots employment projects and improve their satisfaction. In promoting college students' willingness to participate in grassroots employment, there are the following policy suggestions:
First, the government should put forward more extensive and comprehensive preferential policies, increase the intensity of preferential policies, increase project funding subsidies, systematically build and improve the whole system, and increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of preferential policies. At the same time, we should pay attention to the implementation and enforcement of policies, and use stable employment policies at the grassroots level to ensure that college students stay at the grassroots level and contribute their strength without scruple.
Second, increase the "incentive factors" and reduce the "exclusion factors", and pay attention to transforming the "exclusion factors" that can be transformed into "incentive factors" to reduce the influence of factors that cannot be transformed. Schools should strengthen the guiding role for college students, establish a correct view of employment, establish a view of employment serving the masses, and recognize the exercise role of grassroots employment. At the same time, grass-roots units can carry out activities in conjunction with schools, so that students can visit the grass-roots workplace in person and reduce college students' strangeness and fear of grass-roots units.
Third, the government should publicize and promote grass-roots employment projects through various channels, so that college students can understand various preferential policies. Grassroots departments should also take the initiative to participate in publicity, actively contact students at school, hold forums and lectures, and strengthen graduates' understanding of grassroots work.
Fourth, improve the recruitment mechanism, appropriately reduce some hard restrictions, so that the project can face a wider range of college graduates.
To improve college students' satisfaction with grass-roots employment projects, we should mainly start from the following three aspects:
First, to improve and strengthen the "health factors", government departments should increase project investment, improve the working conditions of college students, improve the working environment, improve project security, implement differentiated subsidies according to the regional economic level, and strengthen the inspection of the payment and collection of allowances and wages.
Second, strengthen the "incentive factors", and grassroots leaders should pay more attention to college students who participate in grassroots employment projects. On the one hand, they should strengthen pre-job training and work guidance for college students, help them change their roles and identities, and learn the skills and knowledge they should have. On the other hand, projects or jobs with substantial contents are delivered to college students, so that they can fully display their abilities, help them realize their self-worth and enhance their enthusiasm for work.
Third, the state should attach importance to the long-term career development planning of college students participating in grass-roots employment projects, provide and smooth various development channels, refine and improve various preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses, take postgraduate entrance examinations (courses), take civil service examinations (courses) after the expiration of the project, or continue to work at the grass-roots level, so that on-the-job grass-roots employees can have a fair and reasonable upward channel and a variety of options for future employment, and truly enable college students to serve and take root at the grass-roots level wholeheartedly without worries. (The author Yang Ping is an assistant researcher at the Youth Research Institute of China Youth Research Center and a postdoctoral fellow in finance at Guanghua School of Management, Peking University. )