Modern universities directly originated from European medieval universities in 12 and 13 centuries. Ancient Egypt, India and China are the cradles of higher education, and ancient Greece, Rome, Byzantium and Arab countries have established relatively perfect and developed higher education systems. Although many educational historians call these local institutions of higher learning universities, strictly speaking, they are not real universities.

1088, Italy established the first regular university-Bologna University, which is the most famous research center of Roman law in Europe (also known as "parent university", student university). Subsequently, universities appeared all over Europe.

The University of Paris evolved from the school affiliated to Notre Dame de Paris. 1200, the king of France recognized that scholars of Paris University have legal clergy qualifications and judicial immunity (Paris University is the second university and a gentleman's university).

Second, the mission of the university.

The mission of the university under the domination of the university concept requires that the students trained by the university should be noble and educated people first, which is in line with the essence of the university. This mission is to cultivate students' complete personality, purify their minds, cultivate their conduct and cultivate their ability to criticize things, not just to educate them professionally.

As Newman, a famous British educational theorist, realized: "From the argument of utilitarianism, we can see the deadly enemy of real education. Under the guidance of utilitarian theory, the new university pays more attention to professional training than cultural requirements, exams and results rather than psychological processes, and passively obtains facts rather than general psychological activities. "

Newman's "new university" runs counter to university logic and takes market economy logic and political logic as its mission.