Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College Youth League Committee

June 65438+10/October 65438+March 2004

The development of network technology provides a brand-new environment for college students' interpersonal communication. It brings convenience to college students and enriches their contents, but it also has many negative effects. Through investigation, this paper analyzes the characteristics of college students' interpersonal communication in the network age, and studies the influence of the network on college students' interpersonal communication in the information age. Mainly from the form of network communication: indifference of interpersonal relationship; From the process of network communication, it weakens the sociality and regularity of interpersonal communication; From the subject of network communication: personality disorder and psychological disorder; From the perspective of communication scope: deepen the "generation gap"; From the perspective of communication content, this paper expounds five aspects: increasing the danger in interpersonal communication, and probes into how colleges and universities deal with the negative influence of the network on college students' interpersonal communication.

[Keywords:] network; Interpersonal relationship; college student

First of all, the question is raised:

The network is rapidly infiltrating into all aspects of social life, and its appearance is completely changing the mode of production, lifestyle, way of thinking and values of human beings. The Internet is increasingly infiltrating into the lives of college students. This network world connected by mouse, keyboard and wires has become an indispensable part of college students' life, and network interpersonal relationship has also become an important aspect of college students' interpersonal communication. The network has both positive and negative effects on college students. As far as the field of life is concerned, the network has made the existence value of individual life infinitely promoted and publicized. It plays the role of lubricant in social life, relieves the tension of college students and releases the pressure brought by study and life. When college students are stimulated by various aspects to produce bad emotions, psychologists advocate appropriate and timely transfer, talk and vent, and the concealment, openness and convenience of the network just provide such an opportunity to lay a good foundation for the formation of good interpersonal relationships among college students. At the same time, the network provides a brand-new interpersonal environment and way for college students, which brings convenience to interpersonal communication and enriches its content. However, science and technology is a double-edged sword. While fully affirming the positive role of network in college students' interpersonal communication, we must also recognize its negative role.

Good interpersonal communication plays an important role in the development of college students themselves. Altman and Taylor (I. Altman &; D.A. Taylor (1973) believes that the formation and development of good interpersonal relationships generally need to go through four stages: orientation, emotional exploration, emotional communication and stable communication, and the core component of interpersonal relationships is emotional factors. While bringing new ways of communication and learning to college students, the network has brought many negative effects on the establishment of good interpersonal relationships among college students in real life due to its own characteristics, which has impacted the healthy and normal emotional development and interpersonal communication of college students, thus leading to a series of interpersonal communication obstacles among college students in real life.

At present, the research on the influence of network on college students pays more attention to the influence of network on college students' ideological and moral quality, value orientation and psychology. However, the research on the influence of network on college students' interpersonal communication only stays on the positive and negative influence of network on college students' interpersonal communication. This kind of research has not deeply discussed the causes of positive and negative effects. This paper attempts to further explore the negative influence of network on college students' interpersonal communication from the perspective of the formation and development of contemporary college students' interpersonal relationship, and analyze the reasons for its influence.

Second, the interpersonal relationship of college students

Interpersonal relationship refers to the direct psychological relationship formed between people through communication and interaction. It reflects the psychological state of people or groups meeting their social needs, and its development and changes depend on the degree to which both sides meet their social needs. Maslow's hierarchy of needs divides people's needs into different levels from low to high, and communication needs are in a higher position in the hierarchy of people's needs. Research shows that communication needs play a very important role in the development of human history and are also the conditions for the normal development of individual psychology. Long-term lack of communication needs will lead to abnormal personality.

As a special social group, college students need more intense and urgent communication. This is determined by its physiological and psychological development characteristics. The average age of college students is between 17-23 years old, and they are in the early and middle stages of adolescence. This is a critical period for the formation and stability of a person's outlook on life, values and morality, and it is also a psychological development period for college students who are eager to communicate and understand. Good interpersonal relationship is a necessary condition for their normal psychological development, healthy personality and sense of security, belonging and happiness. According to the investigation report of the National Science Committee on the education of college students, interpersonal skills are at least as important as professional achievements, if not more important. When recruiting college graduates, big Japanese companies pay more attention to independent personality than academic performance. Good interpersonal relationship includes communication ability, cooperation ability and the consciousness of actively caring for others. Caring for the collective and others, in a sense, means caring for yourself better. A narcissist cannot succeed in real life. College students should pay attention to cultivating their good interpersonal relationships.

The interpersonal relationship of college students has undergone a qualitative change, which is mainly manifested in the mental detachment from parents or adults, the coordination and adaptation to new friendships (especially heterosexual relationships), the further improvement and development of self-awareness, the resistance and resistance to adult authority, and the intensification of competition and confrontation. Therefore, the interpersonal relationship of college students has the characteristics of universality, autonomy and sensitivity to the opposite sex. Eriksson (1974) has made a long-term study on teenagers' close interpersonal relationships outside the family. He thinks it is very important to establish such interpersonal relationships in youth. At this stage, their emotional focus shifts from family to friends. If the interpersonal relationship is tense, there may be a lonely psychological experience.

For freshmen, staying away from relatives and friends in middle school, entering a new environment and facing a new interpersonal circle, they lack both psychological preparation and experience in dealing with people. They especially hope to gain the respect and trust of their peers through communication. For senior three students, they are about to enter the society and face more complicated interpersonal relationships. Therefore, attaching importance to interpersonal communication and mastering various communication skills have become the necessary qualities for college students to adapt to society. At the same time, with the development of sexual psychology, college students yearn for beautiful love, eager to communicate with the opposite sex, and their relationship with the opposite sex has also developed greatly. In short, the content of college students' communication has changed from entertainment to knowledge, and interpersonal relationships have also developed from playmates to like-minded life friends.

Many research results at home and abroad show that the characteristics of college students' psychological development at this stage are: the contradiction between loneliness caused by blockade and strong communication needs; The contradiction between independence and dependence; The contradiction between strong thirst for knowledge and low recognition ability; The contradiction between emotion and reason; The contradiction between ideal self and realistic self. All these contradictions are normal phenomena in the process of college students' psychological development, and they are the concentrated expression of their physical maturity and psychological maturity. These contradictions run through the interpersonal communication of college students.

Third, network and college students.

(A) the rapid spread of the Internet in colleges and universities, increasingly in-depth life of college students.

1, the network makes college students even more powerful.

The interpersonal relationship of college students depends on both their own conditions and the objective conditions of the real society. The development of the times puts forward objective requirements for college students' interpersonal communication ability. With the development of modern science and technology, various means of transportation are increasingly developed, especially the global extension of the Internet, which provides convenient conditions for people to communicate with each other. Cyberspace is like a huge city, with libraries, universities, museums, entertainment places and all kinds of people. In this space, you can not only get and publish information, but also communicate with others through email, OICQ, IRC, BBS, online virtual community and so on.

Colleges and universities have unique conditions to accept high-tech achievements, and the influence of the Internet on colleges and universities can be described as "unprecedented". The construction of campus network soon covered the study, life and activities of college students, and Internet cafes for college students rose rapidly in the surrounding areas of colleges and universities. The network has created a virtual interpersonal space and a high-speed information system for college students, which not only takes up a considerable number of college students' rest time, but also takes up some college students' classroom study time. Network has become the main channel for college students to obtain all kinds of information, and it is also an important channel for college students to communicate with others. It enriches their lives, broadens their horizons and provides soil for them to better adapt to the development of modern society. According to the statistical report released by China Internet Network Information Center, at present, students account for 20% of the netizens in China, which is the largest group of netizens, and 90% of them are college students.

2. The basic situation of college students surfing the Internet.

The author understands the basic situation of college students' internet access through questionnaire survey. The subjects of investigation are 15 ~ 20 students randomly selected from freshmen to juniors in various departments of our school. Questionnaire survey * * * 260 valid questionnaires were collected. According to statistics, 100% of these 260 respondents surf the Internet. Among them, 5 1% often surf the internet.

See table 1 for the online time of college students.

Table 1: online time distribution of university birthdays.

1 hour

2 hours

3 hours

4 hours

More than 4 hours

13%

3 1%

2 1%

14%

2 1%

See Table 2 for details of college students' online behavior.

Table 2: Distribution of College Students' Online Behavior

Reading information and knowledge

Entertainment (games, chatting, etc.). )

send an e-mail (message)

Looking for information

Making web pages

other

22%

35%

1 1%

19%

1%

12%

(B) the negative impact of the Internet on college students' interpersonal communication

With its characteristics of high speed, freedom and fashion, the network has brought convenience to college students' study, life and scientific research. At the same time, due to the virtual nature of the network, it has also brought negative effects to college students, leading to their lack of socialization and the emergence of dehumanization of interpersonal relationships.

1, from the form of network communication: interpersonal indifference

With the development of computer network, home office, distance education, electronic shopping malls, electronic banking and so on have appeared. , greatly reducing the opportunities for face-to-face communication between people, leading to alienation of interpersonal relationships, family retreat and moral indifference.

Sociality is the essential attribute of human beings. Sociality depends on direct communication and face-to-face conversation between people, so as to realize emotional communication and form various groups to develop. Psychologist Maslow believes that after people's basic physiological needs and security needs are met, they will have the needs of seeking belonging and love, respecting needs and self-realization, and these needs can only be met in social interaction with others. The intermediary theory of interpersonal relationship put forward by a.b. Petrovsky, a Soviet scholar, holds that interpersonal relationship can be regarded as the intermediary of the content, purpose and task of group social activities. Every member of a group participates in activities all the time, and changes himself, perfects his structure and internal relations when he realizes his purpose through specific activities, and the nature and direction of change depend on the social value of the activities. The main form of activity here is communication, through which people can meet all kinds of psychological needs, solve psychological contradictions and alleviate interpersonal conflicts, thus contributing to the harmonious development of personality.

Making friends is an important form of college students' interpersonal communication and an important way of socialization. However, due to the virtual nature of the network, this kind of social interaction is only virtual social interaction. In the network society, people's communication mode is mainly man-machine dialogue or computer-based communication. The network has become the end of people's communication, transplanting their emotions into the network, which is far from the traditional interpersonal communication. The invisibility of the network makes college students cut off contact with the people around them, and virtual "man-machine communication" replaces actual interpersonal communication. In the relatively closed environment of man-machine-man, on the one hand, both parties have the nature of de-socialization except for many social attributes such as age, gender, occupation and nationality; On the other hand, college students have largely lost the opportunity of direct contact with others and society, thus easily losing their sensitivity to the real environment around them and their awareness of active participation.

Nowadays, college students are basically only-child groups, and lack of complete communication methods in the process of growing up, which makes them pay attention to individuality and often advocate independent personality, which makes them look for sustenance in the network more. Some college students (mostly girls) are used to bearing psychological load by themselves because of their introversion and inferiority. They are sharp-minded, unwilling or not good at communicating with others, and hate the hypocritical human relations in society. When the Internet comes into their lives, they prefer the form of online communication, anonymity, gender and identity. They often go online to vent their bad feelings, solve their troubles and tell their "mood stories". At this time, they felt that they had found their sustenance and got the support of netizens. But when they got off the net, they found that they were still facing empty loneliness.

Moreover, 80% of information in interpersonal communication is transmitted by nonverbal (NVC) means, such as eyes, expressions, gestures and so on. The sending and receiving of nonverbal information is usually much faster than that of language, with less conscious control and monitoring, but it is more effective in conveying attitudes and emotions. However, the network can only give the written language displayed on the monitor, without nonverbal participation, which makes it "tickling" for college students to relieve their emotions and communicate through the network, and it can't cure the problem. College students just experience a virtual emotion in such a virtual environment, indulge themselves in a virtual satisfaction, and avoid directly facing contradictions with the screen as the boundary. In this survey, 16% of the respondents often choose netizens to talk to solve their worries, and 2 1% of the respondents think that frequent surfing the Internet will alienate their classmates and friends around them. This leads to the alienation of college students' close communication and neglect of close affection and friendship. That is to say, for intimate relationship, its structural biological connection becomes very weak, which causes people to shake the social loyalty system and its concept. This ignores emotional needs, easily exacerbates self-isolation, leads to the weakening of interpersonal relationships, and thus leads to indifference. This does not enhance the ethical power of society at all, but hinders the socialization of system, cultural value and humanistic tradition.

2. From the perspective of network communication process, it weakens the sociality and regularity of interpersonal communication.

College students are the key period for individuals to gain social recognition from adulthood, and their multiple expressions and sustained release of joy, anger, sadness and joy are inevitable in the most normal physical and mental development of their socialization. The necessary link to realize this process is to put yourself in real interpersonal communication. In the realistic social environment, the interactive parties rely on social norms, customs and group rules to interact, master the essentials of different social roles, and achieve the identity of individual self and social self through continuous practice.

However, in the computer-based network, because of anonymity, identity is hidden, and many norms, rules and morals in the real society are frozen in the virtual world, thus providing a platform for college students with insufficient self-control ability to express themselves and indulge their emotions. In this survey, 42% of college students don't think it's immoral to lie online, 53% of college students basically agree that it's no big deal to swear occasionally online, and 26% of college students basically agree that they can do anything without scruple online. As for "hackers" who violate network ethics, 8% of college students think that "hackers" are chivalrous, 37% think that "hackers" are capable people, 25% think that "hackers" are saboteurs, and 30% think that it is unclear. It can be seen that through the cold computer screen, people's subjective consciousness is weakened in network communication, which makes people easy to ignore the consequences of their actions, reduce their sense of responsibility in communication, and ignore the etiquette and norms that should be followed in interpersonal communication. In addition, network communication is extremely free, and many realistic ethics, legal norms and administrative measures can't play a role. College students can break many restrictions in daily life and do some "deviant" behaviors online without worrying about being punished by existing morality and laws. In this way, college students with rebellious spirit are more likely to violate the principles of network communication under the influence of the weakening of internal subject consciousness and lax external control in network interpersonal communication. If someone makes personal attacks on others on BBS; Put some nude photos on the internet for people to enjoy. Especially for men's and women's communication, because the Internet is an omni-channel communication network, its communication mode has broken the traditional "one-on-one" mode of men's and women's communication, and one person can fall in love with multiple opposite sexes at the same time, which may make the existing game mentality of college students' men's and women's communication breed and spread in cyberspace, and have an impact on the realistic morality of men's and women's communication.

In addition, the extreme openness and freedom of the internet provide the possibility of survival for any thought and behavior, and college students may also fall into some non-mainstream interpersonal relationships online, such as extramarital affairs, homosexuality, sexual intercourse with prostitutes and so on. Once these forms of communication continue to the real world, it will bring great harm to the physical and mental health of college students.

3. The subject of network communication: inducing personality disorder and psychological disorder.

Personality is a unique integrated model that constitutes a person's thoughts, emotions and behaviors. This unique model contains a stable and unified psychological quality, which distinguishes one person from others. Freud divided the personality structure into three levels: id, ego and superego. This Theory of Three Represents learned a certain aspect of personality. Id is biological instinct, ego is psychological society and superego is moral ideal. Id pursues happiness, ego pursues truth and superego pursues perfection. Only when the three are in a state of coordination can the personality present a healthy state. Otherwise, when the three have a hostile relationship, there will be mental illness.

Everyone is in a specific social and cultural environment, and the influence of culture on personality is extremely important. Social culture shapes the personality characteristics of social members and makes their personality structure develop in a similar direction.

With the advent of the network era, network culture has been integrated into our existing whole cultural form. Therefore, the network culture is imperceptibly affecting the personality of today's college students. Due to the lack of effective legal and moral constraints in today's online community, many college students' "online self" displayed on the Internet is closer to the ID. Once I let my guard down, "I'm online" became popular online. Many college students are very active in online communication, but in real life, they are introverted, not good at talking and have poor social skills. On the internet, he is a savage bitch, but in life, he is gentle; People who are affectionate to you online are probably people of the same sex in your life. Because there is basically no pressure and requirement in the network, it is difficult for people to be alone and to be cautious. Therefore, many college students are completely different on the network stage, which leads to a confusion of self-identity. When they come out of the internet themselves, they often ask such a question: "Is this still me?" The network not only integrates the world, but also alienates ourselves. Therefore, some college students may have dual personalities. At the same time, with the frequent change of college students' network communication roles, it may not only lead to multiple personalities of college students, but also lose their independent personalities.

At the same time, because some college students spend a lot of time and energy on the Internet, they are obsessed with the fun, exciting and challenging virtual environment for a long time, so that they are stuck in the digital space and cannot effectively realize the role transformation between objective reality and virtual reality, thus forming psychological dislocation and behavioral obstacles. This survey found that a long time surfing the Internet caused some college students to have some psychological diseases, such as apathy, isolation, unsociable, lack of sense of responsibility and so on. What's more, it leads to network psychological obstacles, such as depression, sleep disorder, disorder of biological clock, loss of appetite, exhaustion of physical strength, low self-evaluation and reduced social activities. See table 3 for details.

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