Climate environment
Paris is the largest city in continental Europe and one of the most prosperous cities in the world. Located in northern France, on the west bank of the Seine River, 375 kilometers away from the estuary (English Channel). The Seine River winds through the city, forming two central islands (Sid and St. Louis). The population of the capital, Paris, is 2 1 0.5 million (as of June 20071), of which the population of the urban and suburban areas of Paris region is 1.654.38+0.49 million. The city itself is located in the center of the Paris basin, with a mild maritime climate, no heat in summer and no cold in winter; 10, the average temperature is 3℃ in October, 65438 08℃ in July and 65438 00℃ in the whole year. The annual rainfall distribution is balanced, slightly more in summer and autumn, with an average annual rainfall of 6 19mm.
environmental protection
The Paris municipal government attaches great importance to the construction of ecological environment. Despite the shortage of urban land, the government has made every effort to increase the green space, gardens and Woods in urban communities in order to improve the environmental quality of urban communities and improve people's living environment. Paris is a city of art and flowers. No matter in the room, balcony, yard, shop, window and roadside, there are blooming flowers and charming fragrance everywhere. As for colorful flower shops and colorful parks, people often stop to watch and linger.
198 1 year, there are 285 public green spaces in Paris, with a total area of about 355 hectares, not counting boulogne's 1850 hectares and Vincennes forest, nor decorative landscaping, cemetery and roadside greening.
From 198 1 to 1999, the urban governments have increased the area of public green space by 140 hectares with a total area of 496 hectares. Together with the forest areas in boulogne and Wansena, the green area is 22.3%, and the per capita green area is 65,438+. The added green spaces include municipal parks, regional parks, community parks and square green spaces, as well as parks and green spaces beside the Seine River and Canal. The green space in Paris is still growing at an annual rate of about 100 hectare.
Paris is the first city in European history to effectively protect the precious natural property of the city-trees. The "Tree Report" records the decisions and actions made by Paris to protect trees. For example, Paris encourages the protection of public green space and private green space through local regulations; Sign an agreement with the land developer to protect the trees on the site; In order to facilitate management, Paris has set up files and identification cards for every tree in the city. At the same time, experts in urban landscape technology put forward a "comprehensive biological protection and control scheme" after research, in order to improve the ability of plants to resist pollution and pests, improve biodiversity and achieve the balance of plant health. Nowadays, pesticides are rarely used in cities, but ladybugs are put for biological control; Increasing the number of earthworms can also improve the permeability of soil.
There are 397 parks in the community of Paris, with a total area of 3.58 million square meters. On average, there are nearly 20 parks in each community, and the per capita community park area is 1.67 square meters. 12 has the largest number of parks, with 24; The second district has the least number of parks, with only three. The smallest park is Pihet—Beslay Park, which is also in the second district, only 92 square meters. La Vilette Park in 19 is the largest, with 35,000 square meters. Not only that, 65,438+10,000 trees were planted on both sides of the streets and avenues with a total length of 350 kilometers in the city.
Paris, beautiful Paris, magical Paris, it is the representative of architectural art, it is the model of ancient city protection, it is the model of cultural environment, it is the model of ecological civilization. Museums, theaters, gardens, fountains and sculptures can be seen everywhere in various communities in Paris, and the cultural environment is very good. Parisians have rich and colorful cultural life, elegant entertainment forms and strong artistic atmosphere. The reason why Parisians are elegant is as Zhu Ziqing said in his Miscellaneous Notes on Europe: "It used to be said that all the food maids in the Six Dynasties had smoke and water, and Parisians probably had one or two elegant bones." Parisians are elegant because they "breathe the breath of art almost like air, and naturally they are elegant".
Lyon (Lyon)
Lyon is a big city in the southeast of France, located at the intersection of the Rhone River and the Thorne River, on the strategic corridor from the Mediterranean to northern Europe. Lyon, with a population of 6.5438+0.26 million, was founded in 43 BC. It flourished before the Roman Empire and has long been the political center of France. Industrial development began in the19th century, and was once the center of western silk industry, where almost all silk industries in China were concentrated. At the same time, Lyon is also the main producing area of chemical fiber, with developed industries such as metallurgy, chemical industry, automobile, machinery and electronics.
As a land, sea and air transportation hub, Lyon is the main road connecting northern Europe and southern Europe. In particular, there are 45 high-speed trains leading to major cities in France and the Mediterranean every day.
Lyon is also well-developed in scientific research and education. Merrill Institute of Biological Products is one of the largest research institutes in the world, with 20 institutions of higher learning in the city.
As a famous historical city, Lyon has many medieval buildings and museums, where international expositions are held every year. 1996 the g-7 summit was held in Lyon. Tourist attractions include the famous Lyon Cathedral and the ruins of the Roman Theatre.
Marseille (Marseille)
Marseille is located on the east bank of the Gulf of Leon in the southern Mediterranean of France, surrounded by mountains on three sides, with an area of 240 square kilometers and a population of 6,543.8+0.23 million. It is the third largest city in France and the second largest port in Europe. Marseille is the capital of Provence-Cote d 'Azur, the capital of the Rhone River, and the administrative, economic, cultural and transportation center of southern France.
Marseille is one of the oldest cities in France. It was built in ancient Greece in the 6th century BC and has a history of 2600 years. The city is rich in resources, developed in industry and commerce, and is the national oil refining industry center; There are also industries such as salt making, bauxite, coal, power generation, metallurgy, shipbuilding, chemical industry, helicopter manufacturing, textile and food processing; It is rich in seafood, developed in fishery and has a modern joint venture for canned food processing. It is also the largest ship repair center in China.
The rise and fall of Marseille is closely related to the history of Marseille Port, which has been famous all over the world since the12nd century. Since 1970s, Marseille Port has been rebuilt and expanded. The newly developed Marseille-Foss port is the largest modern port in France, with a length of 70 kilometers and an annual throughput of 65,438+1100 million tons. 180 route passes 13000 stopovers 109 countries and regions. Foss Port is a modern port for oil tankers, natural gas carriers, ore carriers and containers, with oil pipelines leading to refineries in Alsace, Switzerland and Germany.
Marseille-Provence Airport is the second largest airport in France, with 92 flights between Marseille and Paris every week and regular flights with 77 cities in 33 countries. In addition, there are extremely convenient transportation facilities such as roads, railways and inland river shipping to connect domestic and foreign countries.
At present, a radial economic network centered on Marseille has been formed: the Bel Lake-Foss Bay area in the west is a petrochemical and metallurgical industrial zone; In the north, Malinha Airport and Eurocopter are located in the aviation industry center; Aubagne, Gemonos, La Ciyota in the east and Vitrolles in the northeast form a small high-tech zone.
There are many cultural relics in Marseille, and in recent years, fortresses and ancient city sites in the Greek era in the sixth century BC have been excavated. There is an isolated island, Yves Island, 3 kilometers away from the old port of Marseille. It is said that the protagonist in Dumas' The Count of Monte Cristo was imprisoned, which attracts thousands of tourists every year.
Marseille is 770 kilometers from Paris, 550 kilometers from Milan and 500 kilometers from Barcelona. It is a transportation hub connecting France with southern Europe, North Africa and West Asia.
Lille
Lille is an important city in northern France and the capital of Noel-Calais. There are 200,000 people in the city center and about 1 10,000 people in the surrounding satellite cities. Noel-Calais has a population of 4 million, accounting for 7% of the national population, and the population density ranks second in the country. 86% of the population in this area is urban.
Lille and its region are one of the important industrial areas in France. In the past, it was mainly metallurgical and textile industries, but now it has developed into a comprehensive industrial base. Its railway equipment output accounts for 50% of the national total output, electricity output ranks second in the country, printing industry ranks second in the country, and machinery manufacturing industry ranks third in the country. The production base of CHARGEUR Group, the largest textile enterprise in Europe, is located in this area.
The Noel-Calais region is developed in commerce. Auchan, one of the largest commercial consortia in France, originated in Lille. The headquarters of 3 Swiss, the largest mail order shopping center group in China, is also located in this city.
Noel-Calais is well-developed in transportation. There are three ports and 464 kilometers of expressway in this area, which can lead to the capitals of seven European countries. Lille Airport is an important international airport.
The foreign trade of Noel-Calais region ranks third in France, second only to Paris region and Rhone-Alpes region.
Education in this area is very developed. There are 7 comprehensive universities, 15 engineering university, 6 business schools and 4 high-tech schools in the region. The whole region has a strong scientific research ability, with a total of 4000 scientific and technological personnel.
Toulouse
Toulouse is located in Haute Gallon province in the southern Pyrenees of France, with a population of about 600,000 and an urban population of about 400,000. Toulouse has a long history and was built more than 2000 years ago.
The industry, trade and service industries in Upper Garonne are mainly concentrated in Toulouse and its surrounding areas. 50 kilometers away from Toulouse, there are few large enterprises, and there are no township enterprises in rural areas.
Between World War I and World War II, France established the aviation industry in Toulouse. France's aerospace industry ranks first in Europe, with 20,000 employees in the aviation sector and 6,000 employees in the aerospace sector. These two departments have advantages in economy and technology, and exports account for 40% of the turnover. A quarter of the industrial employment population in Upper Garonne is in aerospace enterprises. The power, electronics, machinery, metal processing and tertiary industry related to aerospace are all over the province. Electronic industry employees 1.5 million. Products are not only used in aerospace industry, but also in communication and automobile industry. 60% products are exported abroad. The semiconductor products of this province rank first in France.
There are 700 enterprises and 6,000 employees in the software industry. It is said that 25% of French computer experts are concentrated in Toulouse.
The power and electronics industries are the second largest employment sectors in the province, surpassing the textile and clothing industries. The industry in Toulouse provides 17% employment opportunities in the province.
In addition, the city is also in a leading position in France in the fields of microbiology, medicine, electronic medicine, chemistry, biomedicine and biotechnology.
Matra, Thomson, Siemens, Motorola and other large companies and enterprises at home and abroad have production enterprises in Toulouse.
There are13,600 trading companies in Upper Garonne, among which there are 9,000 in Toulouse.
Toulouse has daily flights to major cities in France and Europe, with 20 domestic routes and 17 international routes.
Toulouse has developed higher education, with three universities, 14 college, 1 national comprehensive engineering university. There are about 65438+ ten thousand college students, of whom 10% are foreign students.
lovely
Nice is located in the southeast of France, near the Mediterranean Sea, 933 kilometers away from Paris; The population is 520,000, of which the urban area accounts for 380,000. Nice is the capital of Alpine coastal province and the second largest city along the Mediterranean coast in southern France.
Nice is a famous tourist resort in France, which is surrounded by mountains and waters and has a pleasant climate. Many historical sites, museums, art galleries and entertainment places in this city attract a large number of tourists. The east of Nice is the old city and port, and the west is the new city. The main scenic spots and tourist attractions in the city are: Massena Square, Albert I Garden, English promenade (7 kilometers long), American promenade, Las Cali Palace, St. Ripat Cathedral, the ruins of the Colosseum in Rome, Marc Chagall Museum, Matisse Museum, Jules Schell Art Museum, Modern Art Museum, Archaeological Museum and Exhibition Palace.
Nice's economy is mainly tourism and tourism-related industry, agriculture and transportation. Industry mainly includes electronics, machinery, construction, textiles, clothing, printing, food, alcohol and perfume production. Agriculture is only gardening and flower planting, producing fresh vegetables and flowers needed by urban tourism. In order to diversify the economy, Nice also plans to develop a large industrial and commercial area in the direction of the Val River. In addition, Nice also has the largest high-tech park in Europe-Sophia Antipolis High-tech Park.
Nice Airport is the third largest airport in France after Paris and Marseille. Every day, 80 flights are connected with 45 countries in the world, and railways are connected with all parts of Europe, so the traffic is very convenient. Nice Port has a vast port area, mainly serving its import and export transportation.
Nice Carnival is one of the most famous festivals in France. Today, many tourist service facilities make Nice the most famous tourist city in the "Blue Coast" region of France and a world-famous tourist destination.
NANTES (Nantes)
Nantes is located at the confluence of the Aite River and the Loire River. In 58 BC, Nantes began to form a commercial port. Nantes has a population of 245,000, and with 2/kloc-0 towns in the suburbs, the population of * * * is 500,000. Nantes-Atlantic City (including Nantes and San Nazar) to be merged has 800,000 residents and 272,000 employees (the tertiary industry accounts for 55%). Nantes University has 45,500 students and 3,000 researchers. There are seven museums in the city: Art Museum (the second largest French painting museum after Louvre), Dobl Archaeological Museum, Natural History Museum, Folk Art Museum, Duke Castle Museum (including Folk Art, Decorative Art and Ocean Museum) and jules verne Museum.
Nantes is the capital of the Loire province in the Atlantic Ocean. There are 4,700 enterprises in the province, involving aviation, shipbuilding, weapons, machinery manufacturing, electrical and electronic manufacturing, casting, metal processing, plastic processing, energy, chemistry, wood industry and other industries. In addition to these industrial enterprises, there are more than 100 high-tech SMEs. There are more than 600 export enterprises in the province, of which more than 50 enterprises have branches abroad. Agriculture, mainly engaged in vegetables, gardening and grape cultivation. In animal husbandry, beef, milk, pork and poultry are the main products.
Nantes-San Nazaire Port is the fourth largest port after Marseille, le havre and Dunkirk. It is equipped with France's largest loading dock for wood and animal feed, as well as special docks for oil and natural gas.
Nantes is an important financial place in western France, and Nantes Exchange is the third largest exchange in France.
The Loire-Atlantic coast is 130 km long and is one of the most beautiful beaches in Europe. This province is one of the major tourist provinces in France 10, receiving10.3 million tourists every year, including 300,000 foreign tourists, with an annual tourism turnover of 3 billion francs.
Nantes-Atlantic Airport is one of the busiest airports in France, with 1995 carrying 1 15000 passengers.
Bordeaux (Bordeaux)
Bordeaux is the capital of Aquitaine region and Gironde province in southwest France, and it is a strategic place along the Atlantic coast of Europe. Bordeaux Port is the closest port in France connecting West Africa and the American continent, and it is the railway hub in southwest Europe. Aquitaine has a population of 2.89 million, accounting for 5% of the national population. The population of Gironde province is nearly 6.5438+0.27 million, and that of Bordeaux city is 700,000.
The natural conditions in aquitaine are superior, which is conducive to the growth of crops. The agricultural output ranks third in China, the corn output ranks first in the European Union, and the yield and processing volume of foie gras ranks first in the world.
Bordeaux's wine varieties and output are among the best in the world, and its export history has been several centuries. There are13,957 grape growing and wine producing enterprises in the local area, with a turnover of13.5 billion francs, of which exports account for 4 10 billion francs.
Aquitaine is one of the major aerospace industrial bases in Europe, with 20,000 employees directly engaged in aerospace industry production, 8,000 employees engaged in processing production, 8 large enterprises/KLOC-0, and 30 production and test factories. The region ranks third in the export of French aviation products.
In addition, the electronics, chemistry, textile and clothing industries in aquitaine are also very developed. Abundant timber reserves and strong technical processing capacity.
There are 860 export enterprises in Geelong province, with an annual trade surplus of 654.38+0.27 billion francs, ranking seventh in the country in terms of exports.
Aquitaine has a long coastline, abundant sunshine, continuous Pyrenees and the largest forest in Europe, which attracts tourists from all over the world. Tourism in this area ranks fifth in France, with an annual turnover of 1 1 100 million francs.