Psychological Papers on College Students' Self-consciousness 1: College Students' Self-consciousness
Self-knowledge is an individual's understanding of the subject's own situation and the relationship between subject and object, including self-observation, self-analysis and self-evaluation. The so-called self-observation is to observe himself by observing his own psychological activities, that is, as the ancients said, people should? I have three provinces a day? ; Self-analysis means that individuals analyze and synthesize what they observe from their own thoughts and behaviors, and on this basis, summarize the essential characteristics of their own personality and find out the important characteristics that distinguish them from others. On the basis of self-observation and self-analysis, individuals judge their own social values such as ability and morality, and form self-evaluation.
To form a correct self-understanding, self-observation should first make a comprehensive observation of all his physiological conditions, psychological characteristics and social relations. Secondly, self-analysis should be scientific, and we should summarize and scientifically analyze our own characteristics in physical, psychological and social relations, whether it is advantages or disadvantages; Finally, self-evaluation should be appropriate and correct, and we should neither overestimate ourselves nor underestimate ourselves.
2 1 century is a century full of competition. Dare to take risks, dare to explore, be good at competition, be good at cooperation and be creative are the basic requirements for talent specifications in 2 1 century. These qualities are closely related to good psychological quality. Good psychological quality is an important part of people's comprehensive quality. Mental health education is an education to improve the psychological quality of college students and an important part of implementing quality education.
Our college students are all excellent students selected from a large number of middle school students, and they have a strong sense of superiority and pride psychologically. But at the same time, college students are also under greater pressure and challenges. College students often think highly of themselves, are easily frustrated and have a series of mental health problems. From the external environment, the current changing ideas and social life environment have had a profound impact on college students, so college students must quickly adapt to the tense pace of social life; The intensification of employment competition has brought about the advance of career choice and related high-intensity mental work, and further increased the psychological pressure of college students. From the perspective of college students themselves, university is an important period for the growth and development of life. There are contradictions and conflicts in the coordinated development of college students' physiology, psychology and socialization, and there are often contradictions between ideal self and realistic self. Faced with these problems, if college students can't adapt to the environment and solve problems well, they will have a series of psychological obstacles and even mental diseases.
Therefore, cultivate good personality quality. A good personality should first understand oneself correctly, cultivate an attitude of accepting oneself, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and constantly improve oneself. Secondly, we should improve our tolerance to setbacks, have a correct understanding of setbacks, not panic in the face of setbacks, adopt a rational coping style, and turn negative factors into positive ones. The level of frustration tolerance is related to personal ideological realm, subjective judgment of frustration and frustration experience. To improve the ability to withstand setbacks, we should strive to improve our ideological realm, establish a scientific outlook on life, actively participate in various practical activities, and enrich our life experience.
Develop a scientific lifestyle. The influence of lifestyle on mental health has been proved by scientific research. A healthy lifestyle refers to a regular life, a combination of work and rest, scientific use of the brain, adherence to physical exercise, less drinking, no smoking, and attention to hygiene. College students have a heavy study burden and great psychological pressure. If we want to keep the efficiency of study for a long time, we must arrange daily study, exercise and rest scientifically to make our life regular. To learn to use the brain scientifically means to use the brain regularly, reasonably and promptly, so as to avoid neurasthenia caused by excessive use of the brain and reduce the ability of thinking and remembering hundreds of millions. Strengthen self-psychological adjustment. The core content of self-regulating mental health includes adjusting cognitive structure, emotional state, exercising will quality and improving adaptability. College students are in adolescence, and the prominent feature of adolescence is that human sexual physiology has gradually entered an active state after undergoing a transition from germination to maturity. In the sense of psychological development, this stage is an eventful autumn of life. This is because of the lack of experience and the naivety of knowledge, which determines that some aspects of people's psychological development lag behind the growth rate of physiological functions in this period. Therefore, in its development process, there will inevitably be many embarrassment, confusion, trouble and pain. On the other hand, China is in a critical period of establishing a socialist market economy and realizing the strategic goal of socialist modernization. The social situation is undergoing complex and profound changes, with increasingly fierce social competition, accelerated pace of life and rapid development of science and technology. This situation will also lead to psychological contradictions and conflicts among young students who will enter the society sooner or later, such as parents being laid off, changes in family life, poor academic performance, failure in making friends, lovelorn and so on. If these psychological problems persist for a long time, they may become psychological obstacles and affect study and life. Let students face up to reality, learn to adjust themselves and keep good contact with reality. Self-adjustment, give full play to subjective initiative to transform the environment, and strive to achieve their ideal goals.
The psychology of college students knowing themselves Part II: Knowing themselves.
A person's life is a process of constantly knowing and understanding himself. Knowing yourself correctly can improve yourself, train yourself directionally and improve yourself. Looking at yourself wrongly will make you indulge in the imaginary virtual world and even lose your life.
Know yourself correctly and make yourself more mature.
San Mao once said: True happiness is neither ecstasy nor pain. In my subjective view, it is a long water flow, with no waves in the blue sea. Being an ordinary person among all sentient beings and enjoying the joy of life for a while, even if you don't die, it's heaven. ? Yes, seeking inner peace, doing what you can and making yourself happy can make you mature. For example, San Mao If she didn't realize the joy of life and correctly understand her own needs and pursuits, how could there be Sanmao's wandering literature today, how could there be a legendary woman in the Chinese world, and how could there be Sanmao, who is always the most romantic, sincere and brave in our hearts?
Know yourself correctly and make yourself more perfect.
If you can know that you are not so perfect, you don't have to be busy whitewashing; If you can know that you are not so great, you don't have to rush to prove it; If you can give up your prejudice, you don't have to argue with them; If you don't care what others think of you, you don't have to cry and complain; If you can slow down for half a beat, stay still for half an hour and lower your head, you can always smile. If you know yourself correctly, you can shine your strengths and cover up your weaknesses. Knowing yourself correctly can make you more perfect, and others will laugh at you if you don't imitate others. Isn't it a typical example to learn from others? In the spring and autumn period, people are sad because of illness, but they are more beautiful and moving. However, Dong Shi saw this scene and quickly followed suit, not wanting to be laughed at. Xi Shi's beauty lies in her behavior and words, natural beauty and temperament coexist, while Dong Shi is famous for her gossip. If Dong Shi knew himself correctly, instead of imitating Xi Shi's posturing, he would develop his strengths, so he would not be laughed at today. Know yourself correctly and make yourself more successful.
Natural replacement: there is no victory or defeat in nature, only replacement. Winter gives way to spring and summer to autumn. Sheep eat grass and lions eat sheep. It doesn't matter who is strong. If the human heart can understand, then the human soul may be liberated from the body and find success. ? If you know yourself correctly, you can seize the opportunity and succeed. Know yourself correctly and be able to replace it. Argument: Only by knowing yourself can we win opportunities and succeed. Mao Sui was a visionary diplomat during the Warring States Period. He was originally a diner of the Ping Yuanjun family. When he wanted to select 20 diners to persuade Chu to send troops to save Zhao, he realized his advantages, seized the opportunity and said boldly and confidently. I can go now. ? Sure enough, Mao sui persuaded the hesitant king of Chu with wonderful rhetoric, and Zhao was rescued in this way. This is the famous story of self-recommendation in history. Mao Sui succeeded because he knew himself correctly, believed in his ability, recommended himself at critical moments, won opportunities and finally succeeded. Therefore, if you know yourself correctly, you can win opportunities and make yourself successful. Knowing yourself correctly can help you get spiritual comfort and win success.
The third part of college students' psychological thesis: On the psychological health education of college graduates.
Postgraduates are high-level talents trained at the highest level of education in China. They play an important role in the political, economic and cultural development of the country and shoulder the great mission of making the country rich and strong and rejuvenating the nation. In recent years, the country has expanded the enrollment scale of graduate students year by year, and it lacks control over the quality of graduate training, which leads to the decline of the overall quality of graduate students. With the increasingly fierce social competition, there are more and more mental health problems of graduate students under multiple pressures. Therefore, how to improve the mental health of graduate students and improve their mental health level has become an urgent problem facing the country, society and universities.
First, the status quo of mental health of college graduate students
In recent years, with the increasingly prominent mental health problems of graduate students, various domestic expert institutions have done a lot of investigation and analysis on the mental health status of graduate students.
In 20 1 1 year, Ma Xiting and Li Weihua used SCL-90 and Postgraduate Stress Questionnaire to investigate and study the mental health status and life stress of graduate students, and 44. 16% of graduate students had psychological problems. Compared with the national adult norm? Forced? 、? Depression? 、? Anxiety? 、? Scary? And then what? Mental illness? The scores of the five factors are higher than the national adult norm. [1] In the same year, Gong took Zhejiang University as an example to study the mental health status and needs of graduate students. Stress problem? First, women? Career development issues? Ranked first; Unmarried people have more mental health problems than married people; The mental health problems of rural families are greater than those of urban families. [2]2065 438+2005, Zhao Hongwei and Xu Haiyan used SCL-90 to conduct a sample survey of college graduate students. The results show that 30% students have mental health problems, which are positively related to their academic qualifications. Psychological problems are mainly reflected in? Interpersonal problems? 、? Academic issues? 、? Self-esteem problem? Let's go [3]
Second, the causes of mental health problems of college graduate students
1, the pursuit of utilitarian mentality
Nowadays, more and more graduate students are carrying out study and scientific research activities with a utilitarian mentality, which is related to personal and school education. Postgraduate education emphasizes papers, academic achievements and scientific research achievements, which directly affects the evaluation of scholarships. The situation of not having enough to eat will inevitably lead to alienation and mutual suspicion between classmates. With the increasingly strict requirements for papers, the quality and quantity of published papers are stipulated, which also increases the psychological burden of graduate students.
2. The gap between ideal and reality
With the comprehensive enrollment expansion of graduate students, the diploma value of graduate students decreases, and the employment prospect is not as good as before, sometimes even worse than the employment rate of undergraduates. The higher the education, the higher the expectation, and the greater the expectation for the future. However, in reality, some employers prefer to hire undergraduates with lower wages, while some graduate students have to compete with junior college students for the same position under the pressure of reality. Facing the gap between ideal and reality, graduate students often feel depressed.
3. The Internet leads to apathy in interpersonal relationships.
With the rapid development of the Internet, it has become an important means for graduate students to learn. At the same time, the negative effects brought by the network are increasingly prominent: network communication weakens the interpersonal relationship between students and teachers and students in many aspects; Indulging in the internet can easily make graduate students ignore the interpersonal communication in real life and reduce their interpersonal communication ability in real life; Network? Education? And then what? Monitoring? With the weakening of functions, a lot of bad information is slowly eroding the sense of responsibility and morality of graduate students. The long-term indifference of interpersonal relationship will lead to psychological and physical problems of graduate students, which are manifested as depression, anxiety and irritability, slow thinking, slow response, inattention and loss of interest in learning.
Third, the problems of mental health education for college graduate students
Although the state attaches great importance to students' mental health education, which develops rapidly and has great strength, it is mainly aimed at college students. As a national high-quality and high-level talent, people will think that the quality of graduate students will be higher than that of college students, but this is not the case. Postgraduates face greater pressure than undergraduates, and their psychological quality will be more prone to problems, which will be more serious than college students. Compared with the development of undergraduate psychological education, there are still many shortcomings in postgraduate psychological health education.
Resource allocation: the service level is not deep enough; Imperfect hardware facilities; The investment of special funds is small and the source is single. Construction of teaching staff: insufficient training; Part-time teachers are the main ones and the majors are wrong, and there are fewer full-time teachers; The ratio of male and female teachers is not harmonious, and most of them are female teachers. Education system: A complete mental health education system has not yet been formed.
Fourthly, the countermeasures to strengthen the psychological health education of graduate students in colleges and universities
1, play the leading role of the tutor.
Tutors' academic attitude, personal style and moral cultivation play a subtle leading role in graduate students. Tutors should not only guide students' academic research, but also care about their mental health, so as to care about each student, establish a good relationship between teachers and students, make students feel a sense of belonging and security like relatives, and help students establish correct decompression strategies to deal with various problems in real life.
2. Strengthen the accompanying role of counselors.
As an important part of graduate students' study life, counselors should make friends with students, help graduate students cope with psychological pressure and problems, and promote their healthy growth. To do a good job in postgraduate mental health education, counselors should improve their own ability and quality while doing their job well, take positive psychology theory as the guide, take experiential education as the model, and devote themselves to postgraduate mental health education with full enthusiasm, positive attitude, unique personality charm and rich theoretical knowledge.
3. Improve the psychological crisis intervention mechanism.
Establish a database of graduate students' mental health, update it in time, and master graduate students' mental health problems comprehensively and dynamically. Establish and improve the management system and supervision system, rely on full-time and part-time psychological counselors to provide students with all-weather individual counseling on weekdays, and intervene in time to effectively prevent students' psychological crisis. Because psychological counseling is a step-by-step process, sometimes it may be repeated, so it is necessary to establish a tracking feedback mechanism to keep abreast of students' mental health.
4. Actively carry out physical exercise and other sports activities.
Physical exercise is not only an important guarantee for physical health, but also plays a positive role in the development of mental health. Students take part in group sports activities, exercise, surpass themselves, cultivate team consciousness, enhance the feelings between classmates, get pleasure and happiness in this process, treat life optimistically, and devote themselves to learning with full enthusiasm, so that all aspects of physiology and psychology can be positively developed.
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