The original site is located in Nanhu, Shangqiu Ancient City, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. It was founded by Yang Yi at the end of the Five Dynasties and is one of the four major academies in China. Most of the academies in the early Song Dynasty were located in the mountain resorts, and only Yingtianfu Academy was located in the bustling downtown area, which has always produced a large number of talents.

During the Jingkang Rebellion (1 126), the nomads invaded the south, the Central Plains fell, Yingtianfu Academy was destroyed, students moved south one after another, and the education center of Yingtianfu Academy moved south, so Yingtianfu Academy declined. Although some people rebuilt the academy in the past dynasties, they all failed. Today, Yingtianfu Academy has only the remaining buildings.

Second, Yuelu Academy

Located at the eastern foot of Yuelu Mountain, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, it is one of the four ancient academies in China. Kaibao was founded in the ninth year of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were changed to Hunan institutions of higher learning. It is still a subordinate institution of Hunan University with a history of more than 1000 years. It is a rare "Millennium University" in the world. 1988 was approved by the State Council as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units and an important tourist spot in Yuelu Mountain Scenic Area.

Third, Shigu Academy

Shigu Mountain is located at the intersection of North Steam Water, Xiangjiang River and Thunder Water in Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China. Founded in the fifth year of Tang and Yuan Dynasties, the Academy is the first of the four academies in Song Dynasty, with a history of 1200 years. Surrounded by water on three sides and empty on all sides, it has a unique geographical position and beautiful scenery. The mountains are shaded by trees, pavilions, cornices and corners, the river is full of sails, and fishermen sing late. Since ancient times, it has had the reputation of "beautiful mountains and rivers with stone drums".

Fourth, Bailudong Academy.

Located at the southern foot of Wulaofeng in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, it enjoys the reputation of "the first academy in China". Founded in the first year of Southern Tang Dynasty (AD 940), it is the first complete academy in China. Lushan Sinology (also known as Bailu Sinology) was established in the Southern Tang Dynasty, which is the only sinology established by the central government outside the capital in the history of China.

When Zhu, a Neo-Confucianism scholar in the Song Dynasty, became Kang Jun of Zhinan (now Lushan City, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), he rebuilt the academy and gave lectures in person, and determined the rules and objectives of running the academy, which made him famous. It became an important cultural cradle in China from the end of Song Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty and one of the important birthplaces of education and culture in China.

Extended data:

College history

With the collapse of the Tang Dynasty in 907 AD, the history of China entered the period of "Five Dynasties and Ten Countries", the official schools were destroyed and the order was chaotic, and a number of privately founded academies began to appear in China. "Listening to the sound of reading in the wind and rain, the world is a big event, caring about family affairs and state affairs, and caring about world events." The ancients in China emphasized the importance of poetic ceremony, and no matter which generation, they all regarded reading as a top priority. As a result, in the thousands of years of historical circulation, the "four academies" carrying the sparks of civilization and thought also came into being.

1998 said at the beginning that when the State Post Bureau was preparing to issue stamps of "Four Courtyards", it had already made a field visit to Shigu Academy in advance. However, because it only saw the rocks and didn't see the academy, it was re-elected to Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Zhengzhou, Henan.

On April 29th, 1998, the State Post Bureau held the launching ceremony of "Four Academies" in Shangqiu, and the selected academies were Yingtian Academy, Yuelu Academy, Bailudong Academy and Songyang Academy.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-China's four major academies