Britain usually calls the First British-Chinese War or "Trade War", which was a war launched by Britain against China from 1840 to 1842, and it was also the beginning of China's modern history.
1840 (20 years of Daoguang), the British government decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China on the pretext that Lin Zexu and Humen destroyed opium.
In June, 1840, Major General Antony Blaquez Rand Stransham and Charles Elliot led 47 British ships and 4,000 army personnel to reach the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong, blocking Haikou, and the Opium War began.
Second, the Second Opium War
The Second Opium War was a war of aggression against China jointly launched by Britain and France with the support of Russia and the United States. In order to further open the China market and expand the interests of aggression in China, Britain and France used the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in China as an excuse to jointly attack the Qing government under the pretext of Yarrow Incident and Ma Fu Incident.
Because this war can be regarded as the continuation of the first opium war (that is, the opium war, as opposed to the second), it is also called the "second opium war".
Third, the shame and ugliness treaty
The Xin Chou Treaty, also known as the Xin Chou Peace Treaty and the Beijing Protocol.
The treaty was signed in the 27th year of Guangxu (190 1) on July 25th, the year of Xin Chou, hence the name Xin Chou Treaty. Because the signing date of the treaty is September 7 in the solar calendar, there is a saying of "1997 national humiliation".
Fourth, the September 18th Incident.
The September 18th Incident (also known as the Fengtian Incident and the Liutiaohu Incident) was a war of aggression against China deliberately created and launched by Japan in the northeast of China, and it was the beginning of Japanese imperialist aggression against China.
/KOOC-0/93/KOOC-0/September/8, 2008/KOOC-0/8, under the arrangement of the Japanese Kwantung Army, the railway "guard" blew up the Nanman railway track near Shenyang Liutiao Lake (built by China and later occupied by Japan) and planted the Japanese army. The Japanese army used this as an excuse to shell Shenyang Beidaying on the grounds of "September 18th Incident".
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Nanjing massacre
The Nanjing Massacre refers to the period of China War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression 193 1 to 1945, during which the Republic of China was defeated in the defense of Nanjing, and the capital of Nanjing was 1937, 12, 13 (academic circles think it started at/kloc-. ) autumn after that.
Under the command of the commander of the Central China Dispatching Army Matsui Shigen and the head of the Sixth Division Gu Shoufu, the Japanese invaders carried out bloody atrocities such as organized, planned and premeditated slaughter, rape, arson and robbery in Nanjing and its vicinity for six weeks.
In the Nanjing Massacre, a large number of civilians and prisoners of war were killed by the Japanese army, and countless families were fragmented. The number of people killed in the Nanjing Massacre exceeded 300,000.
Six, burning Yuanmingyuan
In a narrow sense, burning Yuanmingyuan refers to burning Yuanmingyuan. Broadly speaking, the burning area is not just a Yuanmingyuan, but the royal three mountains and five gardens in the west of Beijing. The scope and extent of burning are much larger than that of Yuanmingyuan.
In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing, they occupied Yuanmingyuan. China's defenders were outnumbered, and Wenfeng, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, committed suicide by throwing himself into Fuhai. Chang Ai, who lived in the garden, was scared to death.
With the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, British leader Elgin ordered the burning of Yuanmingyuan. 3,500 British and French troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire didn't go out for three days. Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned into ruins. In Anyou Palace, nearly 300 eunuchs, maids-in-waiting, and craftsmen were buried in the sea of fire.
Seven. Lushun massacre
The Lushun Massacre was during the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. Japanese occupation troops captured Lushun in Liaodong Peninsula on June +2654381October +0, and the whole city massacred for four days and three nights.
Only 36 people who buried the bodies (after investigation, there were more than 800 survivors) survived the massacre, and the number of victims was estimated to be between 2000 and 20000. The victims were buried in the "Wanzhong Cemetery" at the eastern foot of White.
8. Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895
The Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 (Japanese War, Korean Peninsula War, Sino-Japanese War/First Sino-Japanese War) was a war of Japanese aggression against China and Korea at the end of 19. According to China's calendar, 1894, the time when the war broke out was the Sino-Japanese War, so it was called the Sino-Japanese War.
Nine. Sino-French war
The Sino-French War was also a war of the Qing Dynasty (French: GuerrerFranco-Chinoise), which lasted from1February 883 to1April 885 (Guangxu1February 9 to February1day). The first stage of the battlefield was in northern Vietnam; The second phase extended to the southeast coast of China.
X. Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China
Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China (siege of international war) refers to the armed war of aggression against China on May 28th, 1900 (the 26th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty), which was composed of eight major countries, including the British Empire, the United States of America, the Third Republic of France, the German Empire, the Russian Empire, the Japanese Empire, the Italian Kingdom and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.