TOEFL bilingual materials: Why teenagers need more sleep (why teenagers need more sleep).
In Britain, the clock is put back one hour on Sunday, marking the end of British daylight saving time. Experts have been weighing (sentence pattern) a more permanent time shift. Our daily schedule, especially for teenagers who are tired of dealing with morning classes.
Every winter, Britain puts the clock back to 1 hour, which marks the end of daylight saving time. Experts are considering making more permanent adjustments to our daily schedule, especially for teenagers who are tired of going to school early in the morning.
The reflection on teenagers' sleep is largely due to the emerging science of circadian rhythm. Genetics related to biological clock won this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The release time of the sleep hormone melatonin is thought to change with age: in adolescence, secretion begins late at night and lasts until about 8 am. Teenagers sleep two to three hours later than adults.
Rethinking the sleep problem of teenagers is largely due to the emerging science of circadian rhythm. Genetic research related to biological clock won this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It is believed that the time for the human body to release the sleep hormone melatonin will change with age: in adolescence, melatonin begins to be released late at night and lasts until around 8 am. Teenagers may sleep two to three hours later than adults.
Of or relating to biological processes that occur regularly at intervals of about 24 hours, even if there is no periodicity in the environment.
Melatonin: Hormone-like secretion of the pineal gland, which causes skin color changes in some animals and is considered to be related to reproductive function.
Secretion is the process by which certain parts of plants or human or animal bodies produce certain liquid substances.
According to a report of RAND Corporation, for teenagers, postponing school time to 8:30 am or later can bring140 billion dollars to the American economy within 15 years. Some American schools start as early as 7 am.
According to a report by RAND Corporation, postponing teenagers' school attendance to 8: 30 or later is expected to bring US$ 65.438+04 billion in benefits to the US economy in the next 654.38+05 years. Some schools in America start classes at 7 am.
These benefits are equivalent to an annual dividend of $9.3 billion, mainly from two expected returns: the improvement of academic performance, which increases the possibility of graduation and future work; There are fewer car accidents, which means that more students will become the future workforce.
This income-equivalent to $9.3 billion a year-mainly comes from two expected returns: first, the improvement of academic performance, thus increasing the possibility of graduation and future employment; Secondly, the number of car accidents has decreased, which means that more students will join the future labor force safely.
If something pays off, it will bring benefits in the future. Dividends are the part of a company's profits paid to its shareholders.
Marco hafner, an economist at RAND Corporation, said that the income may be higher because the calculation of income is conservative. Other phenomena (sentence patterns), such as the risk of suicide and objectivity, are not considered in the input of macroeconomic simulation, which are considered to be tested by sleep deprivation.
Rand economist Kyle? Hafner said that because the calculation of benefits is conservative, the actual benefits may be higher. Other phenomena, such as the risk of suicide and obesity, are not considered in the input of macroeconomic simulation-people think that lack of sleep will aggravate this risk.
If something aggravates a problem or a bad situation, it will make it worse.
Using data from 47 states in the United States, RAND concluded that lack of sleep among teenagers should be regarded as an economic problem and there is a possible solution. It says the economic returns will soon exceed any related costs of repairing it, such as rearranging bus routes or expanding extracurricular clubs.
Using data from 47 states in the United States, RAND concluded that lack of sleep among teenagers should be regarded as a possible economic problem. The company said that the economic returns will soon exceed the related costs of solving this problem, such as rearranging buses or extending the time of extracurricular interest groups.
If you are deprived, you do not have or are prevented from having what you want or need.
In the United States, people have been worried about teenagers' "lack of sleep" for some time-it is recommended to sleep between 8 and 10 hours every night.
In the United States, all parties have been worried about teenagers' "lack of sleep"-it is recommended to sleep 8- 10 hours every night-for some time.
In 20 14, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued a policy statement, acknowledging that "lack of sleep among teenagers is an important public health problem, which seriously affects the health and safety of junior and senior high school students in China and their academic achievements".
In 20 14, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued a policy statement, acknowledging that "lack of sleep among teenagers is an important public health problem, which has a great impact on the health and safety of junior and senior high school students in China".
The experiment of delaying school time shows some benefits, such as increasing sleep (children seem to sleep at the same time, but wake up later), improving alertness (vocabulary), higher attention and better mood. This leads to the unequal support (vocabulary) of the college for change.
The experiment of postponing school time has shown some benefits, such as more sleep time (children seem to sleep at the same time, but get up later), sharper thinking, higher attendance and better mood. This led the American Academy of Pediatrics to explicitly support this reform.
Anyway, last month, a bill aimed at implementing this change failed in California. The bill is supported by the "Late School Movement", a lobbying group composed of parents, health professionals and policy makers, and may be reintroduced next year 1 month. Many schools in other states have taken action.
However, the bill aimed at implementing this reform has recently disappeared in California. The bill is supported by the "Late School" campaign, a lobbying organization composed of parents, health experts and policy makers, and may be re-enacted in June 2065438+2008. Many schools in other states have taken action.
If you hesitate, you will lose confidence, stop doing something or start making mistakes.
Keira Wallstrom, an expert in education policy at the University of Minnesota, began to study this problem from 1996. She believes that all the evidence shows that the sleep pattern of teenagers is the result of biology, not attitude.
Keira, an expert on education policy at the University of Minnesota, began to study this issue from 1996. Wallstrom said that all the evidence shows that teenagers' sleep patterns are caused by physiology, not attitude.
Dr. Wallstrom said that delaying the class time will have immediate effects, such as reducing the incidence of car accidents among teenagers. In a county in Kentucky, the number of teenage car crashes dropped by 16% in two years after the school started one hour later, which was attributed to the more alert drivers. The accident rate in the whole state has increased by 8%.
Dr. Wallstrom said that delaying school hours can bring immediate results, such as reducing the accident rate of teenagers. After delaying school for one hour, the number of juvenile car accidents in a county in Kentucky decreased by 16% in two years, which was attributed to the driver's more concentrated spirit. During the same period, accidents in Kentucky increased by 8%.
AAP, the American Medical Association and the US Centers for Disease Control all support this change. About 250 American schools are thought to have redesigned their timetables to accommodate these suggestions.
Like the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also support this reform. It is believed that about 250 schools in the United States have redesigned the curriculum to implement the relevant recommendations.
If something is planned or changed to suit a specific situation, it is planned or changed to make it take this situation into account.
Similar arguments have been stirred up in Britain. In 20 15, Paul Kelly, a professor at the Institute of Sleep and Day and Night Neuroscience, Oxford University, suggested that people aged 16 should not start before 10am. For people aged 18, 1 1am is better to start with. He said that starting early means that students usually perform poorly.
A similar argument is heating up in Britain (sentence pattern). 20 15, Professor Paul, Institute of Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Neuroscience, Oxford University? Kelly suggested that students aged 16 should go to school no earlier than 10 am. For students aged 18, it is best to go to school at 1 1. He said that going to school in the morning usually means that students are not doing well.
Not everyone agrees with this view: scientists at the University of Surrey and Harvard University believe that delaying the opening of the school will lead to longer sleep time for teenagers. For example, an unexpected consequence may be that students will be exposed to artificial light for longer because of the delay in bedtime.
Not everyone agrees with this conclusion: scientists from the University of Surrey and Harvard University question the conclusion that delaying school hours will lead to more sleep time for teenagers. For example, an unexpected consequence may be that students are exposed to artificial light for longer because they stay up late.
Based on the mathematical model, this opposite study shows that turning off the lights at night can make teenagers get more sleep without changing school hours. In the study of teenagers' sleep, the time spent by students on mobile phones and other devices often appears as a complex factor (sentence pattern).
This opposite research is based on mathematical modeling, which seems to show that turning off the lights early at night can increase the sleep time of teenagers without changing the school time. In the study of adolescent sleep, the time spent by students on mobile phones and other devices often pops up, which becomes a complicated factor.
However, the headmaster of an independent school in London chose to postpone the class time of sixth graders until 9:30 am. Jonathan Taylor explained his decision in an article in the Times Education Supplement (Vocabulary), pointing out that the nine-to-five working mode is disappearing anyway. He criticized those educators who insisted on starting as early as possible because of "the wrong idea of traditional self-discipline"? . ? . ? . ? Is it really more valuable to learn math at 8:30 am than at 5 pm? "
Despite this, the headmaster of a private school in London chose to postpone the school hours of senior high school students until 9: 30 in the morning. Jonathan? Taylor explained his decision in an article for The Times Education Supplement, pointing out that the nine-to-five working mode would end anyway. He accused those educators who insisted on studying in the morning because of "misleading traditional ideas (opinions) of self-discipline" ... Is it necessarily more valuable to study math at 8: 30 in the morning than at 5: 00 in the afternoon? "
Mr. Taylor said excitedly that attendance and punctuality have improved-these teenagers have also joined jollier Company. God knows, we all need happy teenagers.
Taylor said excitedly that after delaying school time, students' attendance rate increased, their lateness rate decreased, and teenagers became easier to get along with. God knows, we all need happier teenagers.
Happy people are happy and cheerful in appearance or behavior.