In fact, the history of Korean is only 1000 years, which is not consistent with other language families.
The attribution of Korean has always been the focus of academic debate, and there are basically three views:
The first view is that Korean belongs to Altaic language family, and the Korean Peninsula countries hold this view mostly because Korean has the linguistic characteristics of Altaic language family. The flowing sound does not appear on the first syllable of local words (proper words). Vowel harmony and the characteristics of cohesive language.
These three linguistic features of Korean provide support for this view. However, there are few cognates between Korean and other Altaic languages, and scholars who oppose this view generally use this as evidence to refute it.
The second view is that Korean and Japanese belong to the Japanese language family. Scholars who hold this view believe that Korean grammar is similar to Japanese grammar. Grammatically similar, they are both subject, object and predicate. In addition, both Korean and Japanese have a large number of Chinese loanwords (Korean accounts for 70%, and Japanese is also quite a few), and their grammars are similar, which makes scholars think that they belong to the same language family.
The third view is that Korean, like Japanese, is an isolated language, which has nothing to do with the known language families in the world. Scholars who hold this view use the problem of cognates to support this view. This view is the mainstream view.
In addition to the above three viewpoints, some scholars believe that Korean should belong to Indo-European and Dravidian languages.
cardinal vowel
Open your mouth naturally, and your tongue touches your lower gum, but don't stick it, and your lips should not be tense or round. Pronunciation and "A" in Chinese Pinyin
Similar, but slightly behind "A".
: start "?" , and then quickly slide to "?" .
: Mouth ratio "?" Be smaller, slightly lift the back of your tongue, and don't be nervous or round.
: start "?" , and then quickly slide to "?" .
Open your mouth slightly, lift the back of your tongue and gather your lips forward into a circle. It is similar to the "O" in Chinese Pinyin, but smaller and rounder than the "O" mouth.
: start "?" , and then quickly slide to "?" .
: Mouth ratio "?" Smaller, lips rounded forward. Similar to the vowel "u" in Chinese Pinyin.
: start "?" , and then quickly slide to "?" .
The mouth is slightly open, the tongue body is slightly retracted, the front of the tongue is flat, the back of the tongue is slightly lifted to the soft palate, and the lips are pulled apart to both sides. And the pronunciation of vowels of "Zi, Ci, Si and Ri" in Chinese Pinyin. When practicing, you can send the "Zi" first, and the tip of your tongue shrinks slightly, then send the "?" . You can send "?" After you find the feeling. .
It is similar to the "Yi" in Chinese Pinyin.
compound vowel
: the ratio of mouth opening is "?" It should be smaller, the lips should be tightened to both sides, the tip of the tongue should be pressed against the lower teeth, and the tongue surface should be raised close to the hard palate. At this time, the left and right sides of the tongue surface are sandwiched between the upper and lower teeth, and the tongue surface and the hard palate form a flat ellipse.
: Send "?" First of all. , and then quickly slide to "?" , can make this sound.
: Mouth ratio "?" It should be smaller, the lips should be relaxed on both sides, and the tip of the tongue should be pressed against the lower teeth. At this time, the ratio of hard palate to tongue is "?" Round. Pronunciation with the vowel e in Chinese Pinyin.
: Send "?" First of all. , and then quickly slide to "?" , can make this sound.
: Send "?" First of all. , and then quickly slide to "?" , can make this sound.
: open your mouth and add "?" Same, but the position and shape of the tongue are the same as "?" Same thing. same thing When practicing, first send a "?" And then change the mouth shape and send a "?" , so you can practice alternately.
: Send "?" First of all. , and then quickly slide to "?" , can make this sound.
: Send "?" First of all. , and then quickly slide to "?" , can make this sound.
: Send "?" First of all. , and then quickly slide to "?" , can make this sound. Similar to "Yue" in Chinese Pinyin.
Mouth shape and "?" Same, but the position and shape of the tongue are the same as "?" Same thing. same thing When practicing, first send a "?" And then change the mouth shape and send a "?" , so you can practice alternately.
: Send "?" First of all. , and then quickly slide to "?" , can make this sound.
Basic consonant
When pronouncing, lift the back of the tongue surface so that the base of the tongue touches the soft palate to block the airflow, and then let go to make the airflow rush out and make a sound. It is similar to the "G" in Chinese Pinyin, but it is not so powerful.
When pronouncing, first press the tip of the tongue against the upper gum to block the airflow, then let the airflow leave the nasal cavity, and at the same time, the tip of the tongue leaves the upper gum and vibrates the vocal cords to pronounce. It is similar to the "n" in Chinese Pinyin.
When pronouncing, first press the tip of the tongue against the upper gum to block the airflow, and then use the tip of the tongue to leave the upper gum to let the airflow rush out, explode and break the sound. It is similar to the "d" in Chinese Pinyin.
When pronouncing, first make the tip of the tongue close to the upper gum, and then make the air flow through the mouth. This is the sound produced by the gentle vibration of the tip of the tongue. Compared with the "R" in Chinese Pinyin, the tip of the tongue is forward and cannot be rolled up.
When pronouncing, first close your lips to block the airflow, then let the airflow flow out of the nasal cavity, and at the same time your lips break. It is similar to the "m" in Chinese Pinyin.
When pronouncing, the lips are tightly closed, slightly stretched forward to block the airflow, and then the lips are pushed away by the airflow, and a sound is erupted. It is similar to the "b" in Chinese Pinyin, but slightly lighter.
When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower teeth, and the front of the tongue is close to the hard palate, so that the airflow is squeezed out from the gap between the front of the tongue and the hard palate and rubbed into sound. It is similar to the "S" in Chinese Pinyin.
As the first sound of a word, it is silent and only plays a decorative role.
When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the front of the tongue touches the upper gum and hard palate upward to block the airflow, so that the airflow can break through the obstacles and rub out. It is similar to the "Z" in Chinese Pinyin.
When pronouncing, the method and the consonant "?" It's basically the same, except that the pronunciation should be pushed out by explosive airflow. It is similar to the "c" in Chinese Pinyin.
When pronouncing, the method and the consonant "?" It's basically the same, except that the pronunciation should be pushed out by explosive airflow. It is similar to the "K" in Chinese Pinyin.
When pronouncing, the method and the consonant "?" It's basically the same, except that the pronunciation should be pushed out by explosive airflow. It is similar to the "t" in Chinese Pinyin.
When pronouncing, the method and the consonant "?" It's basically the same, except that the pronunciation should be pushed out by explosive airflow. It is similar to the "P" in Chinese Pinyin.
When pronouncing, let the air flow out of the glottis, and then the vocal cords rub to make this sound. It is similar to the "H" in Chinese Pinyin.
Tense consonant
When pronouncing, use the consonant "?" Basically the same, just a little stronger.
When pronouncing, use the consonant "?" Basically the same, just a little stronger.
When pronouncing, use the consonant "?" Basically the same, just a little stronger.
When pronouncing, use the consonant "?" Basically the same, just a little stronger.
When pronouncing, use the consonant "?" Basically the same, just a little stronger.
Latin alphabet symbols in Korean
Chapter I Basic Principles of Identification
Article 1 The Latin letters of Putonghua shall be marked based on the standard pronunciation of Putonghua.
Article 2 Try to avoid using symbols and letters other than Latin letters.
Chapter II Announcement of Labeling Methods
The first vowel is marked as follows.
Japanese usually uses Chinese characters mixed with Hiragana, while loanwords and some other words are written in Katakana. Students should master the common Japanese writing and reading methods from the beginning, and romanization can be effectively used as an auxiliary means until they fully master Hiragana.
There are several different systems for spelling Japanese with Roman characters. Among them, the compulsory form ("official system") can be considered as the most complete, while the black version is more suitable for native English speakers to learn Japanese. Using the black version, you can easily switch from the English phonetic system to the Japanese phonetic system. In addition, most Japanese-English dictionaries use the black version.
The following descriptions of Japanese pronunciation include: ① Hiragana, ② Roman characters and ③ pronunciation description.
Spanish and Italian speakers will find that Japanese short vowels -A, I, U, E, O- are similar in pronunciation to those languages. Long vowels-AA, ii, uu, ei, ee or oo-are pronounced twice as long as short vowels (although ei is often pronounced with two vowels). The difference between long vowels and short vowels is very important, because it will change the meaning of a word.
Consonants include K, S, sh, T, ch, ts, N, H, F, M, Y, R, W, G, J, Z, D, B, P, fricative sh (such as "shoot" in English) and fricative ch, ts, J (such as "charge" in English, respectively) The pronunciation of G is usually like the voiced consonant in English "game", not the pronunciation of G in "gene".
One of the main differences from English is that Japanese has no stress: the stress of each syllable is the same. English syllables are sometimes elongated, but in Japanese, the pronunciation of a series of syllables is as regular as a metronome. Like English, Japanese has an accent system of high and low tones.
The most basic of pseudonyms is fifty unvoiced sounds, which are called "five tones". They are one line for every five, and one * * * is ten lines. The following is a "five-tone diagram", which is based on Japanese pronunciation and hiragana. The awkward sound table is an extension of the five-tone chart, and the whole table is the basic unit (beat) table of Japanese pronunciation expressed in Hiragana.
paragraph
paragraph
Paragraph
(viii) Paragraph
(vii) Paragraph
okay
あ
い
う
え
お
All right.
か
き
く
け
こ
okay
さ
し
す
せ
そ
(vii) All right.
た
ち
つ
て
と
な How are you?
な
に
ぬ
ね
の
8. Okay.
は
ひ
ふ
へ
ほ
okay
ま
み
む
め
も
All right.
や
(い)
ゆ
(え)
よ
okay
ら
り
る
れ
ろ
okay
わ
(い)
(う)
(え)
を
In the pentatonic scale diagram, vertical lines are called "segments" and horizontal lines are called "rows", and each row or column is named after the first pseudonym of its row or column. In addition, the pseudonyms in brackets are duplicated by others. をを and ぉ are homophones, but を is only used as an auxiliary word. Let's take a look at the five-tone diagram composed of Roman characters in Japanese.
first segment
a lesson
U-section
E segment
O segment
death by hanging
a
I
u
e
o
Jiahang
soul
Kiribati
cool
Kinetic energy)? is a Key Error.
knock down
Sahang
Salvation army (sex apple) requires approval (subject to approval) Semi-Automatic)? shock absorption (Surface Area).
Four/ten
Soviet Union (short for USSR)
selenium
therefore
hollow place
thank you
ti/chi
tu/tsu
The seventh note of the major scale.
arrive
That line
natrium
nickel
Greek alphabet letter 13
Original name
no
Hahang
bend
hello
Hu/fu
he
Slut, prostitute
Malaysia airlines
mum
The third note of the major scale.
The 12th letter of the Greek alphabet.
I
Health officer
Yahang
young people
㈠
Yu
(5)
heave ho
Lahang
Sun god
(USA) residual income in Rhode Island.
ruthenium
about
Romania Romania
Wakeng
Washington
㈠
(u)
(5)
oh
Note: The diagonal line is preceded by the Roman character corresponding to this paragraph, that is, the forced Roman character. After the slash is the pronunciation of the pen name, that is, ordinary Roman characters.
Corresponding pronunciation table
あa
いi
うu
えe
おo
かka
きki
くku
けke
こko
さsa
しsi/shi
すsu
せse
そso
たta
ちti/chi
つtu/tsu
てte
とto
なna
にni
ぬnu
ねne
のno
はha
ひhi
ふhu/fu
へhe
ほho
まma
みmi
むmu
めme
もmo
やya
(い)(i)
ゆyu
(え)(e)
よyo
らra
りri
るru
れre
ろro
わwa
(い)(i)
(う)(u)
(え)(e)
をwo