Public ownership economy and small enterprises participate in market competition, increase employment, develop economic vitality and competitiveness, relax market access, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of private investment. Combine with urbanization, actively cultivate market-driven investment growth, strengthen the internal constraints of investment, and improve investment efficiency. It is necessary to speed up the transformation of foreign trade development mode and optimize the export structure.
(2) continue to curb the excessive growth of high-consumption and high-emission products, encourage the export of independent intellectual property rights and independent brand products, and improve the quality, grade and added value of export products. To change the mode of economic development, we should actively promote the adjustment of industrial structure, aim at expanding domestic demand, especially residents' consumption demand, rely on the steady promotion of urbanization, and promote the coordination of primary, secondary and tertiary industries to promote economic growth on the basis of market regulation, and gradually form an industrial pattern based on agriculture, with high-tech industries as the guide, basic industries and manufacturing industries as the support, and comprehensive development of service industries. We should actively promote the transformation of the industry from high consumption to high efficiency, from rough processing to deep processing, and from low-end products to high-end products, so as to make the industry bigger and stronger. It is necessary to consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture, ensure national food security, speed up the construction of modern agriculture, and promote the primary industry to turn from weak to stable. Efforts should be made to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry, vigorously develop high-tech industries, adjust the industrial structure of raw materials, strengthen the exploration, development and protection of mineral resources, strengthen the construction of energy, transportation, water conservancy and information infrastructure, and promote the secondary industry from large to strong. Adhere to the direction of marketization, industrialization and socialization, improve policies and measures to promote the development of service industry, comprehensively develop service industry, especially modern service industry, in combination with urbanization, promote the faster and better development of tertiary industry, and play its due role in economic growth and employment increase. To change the mode of economic development, we should vigorously promote energy conservation and emission reduction and curb overcapacity. The urgent task is to strengthen the target responsibility system for energy conservation and emission reduction, strengthen the construction of key energy conservation and emission reduction projects, resolutely control new projects in industries with overcapacity, carry out low-carbon economy pilot projects, strive to control greenhouse gas emissions, strengthen ecological protection and environmental governance, accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and take the road of sustainable development. To change the mode of economic development, we should focus on promoting independent innovation. We should rely on scientific and technological progress to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and constantly improve the international competitiveness of China's industries. We should promote the transformation of economic development mode and study the connotation of economic development mode.
(3) Save resources and protect the environment, constantly improve the ability of sustainable development, and embark on a new road of transforming the mode of economic development with China characteristics. We should pay close attention to research and put forward the general idea of cultivating China's strategic emerging industries, strengthen policy support, increase financial input and cultivate new economic growth points. It is necessary to pay close attention to the implementation of major national science and technology projects, implement plans for the adjustment and revitalization of key industries, vigorously promote technological transformation, and accelerate the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries. The mode of economic development is a grand and complex systematic project. Generally speaking, the task of transforming the mode of economic development is closely related, inclusive and mutually promoting. Only by making overall plans and completing all tasks in an all-round way can we realize the transformation of economic development mode and lay a solid foundation for sustained, rapid and healthy economic development. The international financial crisis has adversely affected the transformation of China's economic development mode, and also provided an important opportunity for promoting the transformation of economic development mode. We should firmly grasp this opportunity, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode in an all-round way while continuing to promote a steady economic recovery, and lead China's economy into a more healthy, sustained and efficient development track.
2. A: Supply-side reform is a major measure for national development, which points out the direction and focus of future macroeconomic policies, is a new driving force for economic development, and is also a major opportunity for enterprises to move forward. Demand-side management believes that insufficient demand leads to a decline in output, so stimulating economic growth requires stimulating policies to increase total demand, and investment, exports and consumption are the "troika" on the demand side. One of the major problems facing China's economic development is over-reliance on investment and export, and the demand seems to be seriously insufficient. However, in the past "Double Eleven", imported beauty once again set a new record; Not long ago, the Japanese snapped up rice cookers and toilet seats in Japan, which was discussed by the world. For a long time, Apple mobile phones "occupied" the consumer market in China, making domestic mobile phones catch up. Consumers in China spend a lot of money to pursue foreign goods, which is not a simple consumption psychology of "worshipping foreign things and obsessing foreign things". It reflects that China people attach importance to the quality of consumer goods after the improvement of living standards, and that China's "supply side" has been insufficient for a long time, and it is difficult to meet today's market demand. Therefore, carrying out supply-side reform is a new driving force to maintain sustained and steady economic growth, and it is also the best choice under the new economic normal. To carry out supply-side reform, we should control the general direction from the following aspects.
First, promote the effective resolution of excess capacity, promote industrial optimization and restructuring, and improve supply at the industrial level. Resolve excess capacity, promote enterprise integration and elimination, and expand external markets through price adjustment. Second, reduce costs, help enterprises maintain their competitive advantage and improve supply at the level of fiscal and taxation system. Through structural tax reduction, enterprises can benefit, enhance innovation ability, improve productivity and expand supply. Third, dissolve the real estate inventory, promote the sustainable development of the real estate industry, and eliminate the supply constraints at the regulatory level. Promote the sustainable development of the real estate industry, promote the development of downstream industries such as steel, cement and electrolytic aluminum, dissolve the production capacity of these industries, effectively stimulate employment, and then promote urbanization.
Fourth, prevent and resolve financial risks, accelerate the formation of a stock market with complete financing functions, solid basic system, effective market supervision and full protection of investors' rights and interests, and ensure a stable supply of funds. By protecting the stock market, the direct financing of enterprises will be smoother, and ordinary investors will be guaranteed to legally acquire wealth and improve their spending power.
Second, the essay question (*** 1 question, 50 points for each question)
Question 2. 1. Explain with practice why Socialism with Chinese characteristics's modernization must adhere to the leadership of the * * * production party? (25 points) 2. Integrating theory with practice to talk about the important characteristics of the patriotic United front in the new period? (25 points) Answering requirements: When answering questions, we must discuss them in combination with the actual situation.
1, a: party constitution clearly pointed out that China * * * Production Party is the leading core of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause. This is because:
First, the party's leading position was formed in the long-term revolution and construction.
From the Opium War to the establishment of the * * * production party in China, and from the establishment of the * * * production party in China to the present, China has experienced two completely different eighty years. In the first 80 years, feudal rulers humiliated their power and country, social wars continued, the country was poor and weak, and the people were hungry and cold. In the past 80 years, the people of China, under the leadership of China's * * * Production Party, have never been United and organized, breaking through numerous difficulties and winning revolutionary struggles. After the founding of New China, the economy developed rapidly, the country became increasingly prosperous, and the people's social status, material living standards and cultural and educational levels improved significantly. From the comparison of the previous two eighties, the people of China and all patriotic forces of the Chinese nation deeply realized that China was able to realize the great historical transformation from the most miserable situation to a bright future because of the leadership of the China * * * Production Party. Without the production party, there would be no new China. With the * * * production party, China will take on a new look. This is the most basic and important conclusion that the people of China have drawn from their long struggle.
Second, the leadership of the Party is the fundamental guarantee for the success of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's career.
Only by upholding the leadership of the Party can we always ensure the direction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause. Comrade Deng Xiaoping clearly pointed out: "We are engaged in the four modernizations of socialism, not other modernizations", "If our policies lead to polarization, we will fail; If a new bourgeoisie emerges, then we will really go astray. " This tells us that socialist modernization has always been combined with the basic socialist system. For example, in the ownership structure, adhere to public ownership as the main body, and multiple ownership economies develop together; In the distribution system, we adhere to the system that distribution according to work is the main body and various distribution methods coexist. Combining distribution according to work with distribution according to production factors, giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness, is conducive to optimizing resource allocation, promoting economic development and maintaining social stability. In a word, our goal is to turn China from an underdeveloped socialist country into a prosperous, strong, democratic and civilized socialist modern country, so that the superiority of the socialist system can be fully reflected in China. Obviously, these are the concrete manifestations of the party's fundamental program and political line on the issue of socialist construction. Historical experience has proved that only by adhering to the leadership of the Party can we successfully achieve the strategic objectives put forward by the Party and always ensure China's smooth progress along the direction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Only by upholding the leadership of the Party can we create a long-term stable and United political situation and a stable social environment for the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Stability, unity and social stability are prerequisites for building a Socialism with Chinese characteristics. With unstable political situation, social unrest and distracted people, it is impossible to build socialism with China characteristics. Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "The overriding problem in China is the need for stability. Without a stable environment, nothing can be done and the achievements already made will be lost. " China's reform, opening up and modernization are carried out under complicated international and domestic situations. Only under the leadership of the Party, adhering to the Party's line, principles and policies and maintaining their continuity and stability, correctly distinguishing and handling two different kinds of social contradictions, carrying out in-depth and meticulous ideological and political work, and being good at coordinating the interests and contradictions of all parties can we continuously consolidate and develop the political situation of stability and unity, maintain a stable social environment, and create a new situation for Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause. Only by adhering to the leadership of the Party can we more effectively mobilize and organize the masses to join the great cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and strive for the prosperity of the motherland, the prosperity of the people and the great rejuvenation of the nation. The party is rooted in the people. The greatest advantage of our party is that it is good at organizing, publicizing and contacting the masses. Our Party adheres to the mass line and can work out a line that conforms to China's national conditions and the fundamental interests of the people.