1, the basic requirement for answering questions is "four tests and five elements method"

The fourth trial:

(1) examination: grasp the key words (time, place, main, core, fundamental, etc. ) to clarify the main meaning of the topic.

(2) Test question bank (positive or negative choice)

(3) Limbs (true or false)

(4) the relationship between the test stem and the test limb.

Five elements:

(1) Troubleshooting (debugging)

② Exclusion method: The viewpoint is correct, but it has nothing to do with the stem of the question.

(3) Weight ranking method: repeated questions with the same meaning as the stem.

(4) Inversion method: the topic of causality inversion.

⑤ Scrambling method: the * * * nature or personality of the stem, and the stem that is inconsistent with the * * * nature or personality of the stem.

2. Example: At the present stage in China, class struggle is no longer the main contradiction in society, because (DGH).

First, hostile forces and hostile elements have been eliminated (eliminating fallacies)

B, the focus of international competition has shifted to the competition (exclusion) of comprehensive national strength.

C, China's main contradiction has changed (weight).

D, the exploiting classes and exploitation system have been eliminated.

The fundamental task of our country is to liberate and develop productive forces.

F, the landlord class has been eliminated (disorder)

G, China's class structure has undergone fundamental changes.

H China's socialist system has been established.

3. Pay attention to several special multiple-choice questions

I. Multiple choice questions

On the basis of investigating the meaning of such topics, it can be determined whether some candidates are selected. Among the four options, you can exclude the content that should not be selected or exclude the content that does not contain the selected content. (that is, combining debugging with pairing selection).

Example: (Volume of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Chongqing in 2004) 28. Short messages facilitate people's communication and are also used by a few people to cheat or harass. In this regard, the correct understanding is: B

Everything should be divided into two.

② SMS does more harm than good.

③ The evaluation of short messages depends on their mainstream.

④ Cancel SMS and develop alternative services.

a、①② B、①③ C、②④ D、③④

Analysis: Combining philosophical knowledge with social reality, it is not difficult to judge that ① is correct and ④ is wrong. Accordingly, C and D containing item ④ can be immediately excluded. The second item is neither realistic nor reflected in the stem, so choose item B.

Two. Reverse multiple choice questions

The stem of this kind of topic is often "The following is misunderstood" or "The following statement is incorrect".

At the beginning of the 20th century, China established the China-Africa Cooperation Forum with African countries to develop relations and deepen cooperation, and China established a long-term, stable, equal and mutually beneficial new partnership with countries participating in the Forum. In the past three years, China-Africa trade has grown at an average annual rate of more than 20%. The following views on China-Africa trade growth are incorrect: C.

A. The economic complementarity between China and Africa has promoted the growth of bilateral trade.

The growth of China-Africa trade is based on equality and mutual benefit.

In developing China-Africa trade, China should pursue surplus to the maximum extent.

Developing China-Africa trade is in the interest of China and Africa.

Analysis: This kind of test questions is an adverse selection. There may be one or two questions in the middle of the whole test paper, which will be reversed if you are not careful. Therefore, we must carefully examine the questions.

Three. Discriminatory multiple choice questions

Such topics are generally based on quotations and cartoons. The quoted content is incorrect or not completely correct, and cartoons are often ironic. This type of question focuses on the understanding and judgment ability of candidates. Candidates should be able to understand what mistakes the characters in quotations or cartoons have made. What is the reason? Please pay special attention to:

(1) If the topic of "asking questions" examines the understanding of quotations or cartoons, then whether an option is selected is not based on whether the option is correct, but on whether the material contains the viewpoint of the option. Even if this view is wrong, you may choose;

(2) If the "problem" of the topic is to investigate and analyze the mistakes made by the author of the quotation or the characters in the cartoon and their causes, please note that it is different from the perspective of "we" or the author of the material or the characters in the cartoon.

For example, 15 and 16 in the national volume 200 1 (the title is abbreviated). In this set of two questions, the former is from the perspective of candidates who place their hopes on "brain spirit" and the latter is from the perspective of advertisements in cartoons. Two of the four options in the two questions are exactly the same. Among them, item C in 15 is correct, and item D in 16 is wrong because of different perspectives.

Four. Indefinite multiple choice questions

The criteria for judging whether such topics are selected are: in the case of positive selection, there is no wrong option; If the point of view is correct, but it has nothing to do with the meaning of the question, do not choose; Those that are related to the meaning of the topic but do not meet the specific requirements of the topic are not selected. Note that in indefinite selection, even if it just coincides with a certain meaning in the stem, it may be selected. In particular, we should focus on the last rhetorical sentence. What cannot be ruled out through the above thinking should be chosen.

Example: (2004 Jiangsu Volume) 30. Over the past 20 years since China's reform and opening up, with the development of economy and politics, people's views on talents, employment, consumption and values have changed greatly. This shows that (b)

A, people's ideas determine the development of society.

B, social existence determines social consciousness

C, social consciousness reacts on social existence.

D, social consciousness is relatively independent.

Analysis: item a violates the basic viewpoint of historical materialism and is wrong; Item d is correct, but it has nothing to do with the meaning of the question; Item C is correct, and it is also a statement about the relationship between social existence and social consciousness, but the question based on the stem does not match the meaning of the material and cannot be chosen. Only item B fully meets the requirements of the stem.

In short, multiple-choice questions are easy to score on political papers, but they must also be thoughtful and not sloppy. Indefinite multiple-choice questions are easy to lose points, so you must think twice. We can neither hold the idea of speculation, nor give up the chance of three points in order to guarantee one point.

Second, short answer questions

A short answer, as its name implies, is a short answer to a question. But as far as the answer to the short answer to the college entrance examination is concerned, it is really not simple. Looking at the college entrance examination in recent years, the answers to short questions (including analysis questions) are not as good as those of essay questions. Compared with analysis questions, short answer questions have relatively small content, diverse propositional methods and flexible topic design, which requires candidates to accurately express the main content of the topic in short words and reflect a "quasi" word; It also requires a clear level of thinking and strict logic, reflecting a "clear" word; The answer angle requires everything, reflecting the word "all"; The language is simple and clear, and the pen and ink are like gold. The word "Jane" should be reflected in the narrative.

The examination of short answer questions includes: examination materials (or charts), examination questions and examination background. From the specific requirements, including five elements:

(1) problem-what problem or problems should this problem solve;

(2) Angle-around the "problem", whether it is analyzed from three angles of "what", "why" and "how to do it", or from one or two of them;

(3) the scope of knowledge-which book of knowledge to use, and whether there are more specific restrictions;

(4) Answering conditions-whether there are directional or restrictive conditions for answering this question, such as "from the perspective of …" and "combining (contacting) …";

⑤ Current political background-The question examines whether the country is in a high position, what major current political issues are related to, and what regulations or policies the party and the government have in this regard (these contents may also be part of the answer).

Some elements are directly presented in the test questions, and some need to be analyzed, compared and carefully thought out. Be clear: if the five elements are unclear, you can't organize the answer, otherwise it will lead to irrelevant answers and forgetfulness, which will not only waste time, but also get no points.

In recent years, food safety has attracted more and more attention from the society. Events such as "poisoned ham", "watered meat", "inferior milk powder" and "poisoned vermicelli" have been exposed and investigated one after another. These incidents have seriously undermined the socialist market economic order and posed a serious threat to people's health.

Question: Using the knowledge of the legal characteristics of market economy, explain how to effectively prevent such incidents.

Answer: (1) The legitimacy of market economy means that there is a sound legal basis for social and economic operation, and the economic activities of producers and operators must be carried out in accordance with the laws and regulations of market economy. (2) In order to maintain fair competition, the state should strictly enforce the law and crack down on acts that disrupt and undermine market order according to law. (3) Consumers should enhance their awareness of rights and protect their legitimate rights and interests according to law.

Analysis: Through investigation, it should be clear: ① The central issue of this topic is "preventing such incidents (producing toxic food)"; ② The angle is "What to do (how to prevent)"; ③ The scope of knowledge is very specific, which is the "legal feature of market economy" in economics; The background lies in "rectifying the market economic order in view of the deficiency of market supervision".

Third, the analysis of the problem-solving methods

Analysis questions, as the name implies, require dialectical analysis of the viewpoints in the questions. There are generally two viewpoints on analyzing problems.

Or the relationship between two or more things (mostly two or three things). This definition may have correct or reasonable elements, but it also has defects or errors.

The basic requirements for solving such problems are:

Prove the correct points, analyze the wrong points, clarify the vague points and supplement the incomplete points.

The specific steps are generally:

(1) Identify and analyze the correct or reasonable components in the proposition. If the proposition is incorrect, but its implied premise may be correct; This proposition is reasonable in phenomenon; This proposition is neither comprehensive nor extreme, but it still has the correct composition in a certain respect.

② Analyze the deficiency of this relationship and improve it. If the essential connection is not revealed; The relationship expression is not comprehensive; Extremely harmful; The establishment of the relationship lacks inevitability or conditionality;

(3) What factors should be (or have been) related to the causal factors among the relationship subjects?

(4) think backwards about the relationship in the proposition.

⑤ Briefly point out the nature of the error.

In addition, there are few completely correct or completely wrong propositions in the college entrance examination paper, so we should draw general conclusions carefully and should not put them at the beginning of the answer; To establish the consciousness of multi-level discrimination, the analysis of multi-factor relationship should be comprehensive.

Example: (2004 Jiangsu Volume) 36. Experience is the mother of wisdom. As long as people participate in practice, they can understand the nature and laws of things.

Answer: (1) Practice is the basis of understanding. Only in practical activities can people gain an understanding of things. Therefore, practice makes true knowledge.

(2) Only engaging in practical activities may not be able to understand the nature and laws of things. To understand the nature and laws of objective things, we must realize the leap from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge.

(3) To achieve this leap, people must have rich and real perceptual materials through practice, process and make perceptual materials by using scientific thinking methods, and understand the nature and laws of things through phenomena.

Analysis: ① Correct argument: True knowledge comes from practice; ② Error point analysis; Practice can also lead to "wrong understanding"; ③ Clarify ambiguity: practice may not produce true knowledge; (4) Complement the incomplete point: how to know the truth in practice (that is, two conditions for rising from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge).

Fourth, discuss the method of solving problems.

(1) type

① Cognitive category: How to know, understand and treat what it is and why?

② Deductive class-how to embody it?

Examining questions (different questions determine different directions of answering questions)

③ Chart class

Review Title (Form Name)

Review charts (items and data in the table)

Notes (explanatory and supplementary)

View links (links between different forms)

Pay attention to the significance of specific years (such as 78, 92, 97, 02, etc.). )

(2) Basic requirements for answering questions

① classification

② Examination of examination questions

Review materials

Examining questions (pay attention to special requirements such as "application, connection and combination". )

③ Material selection

④ Conception

⑤ Answer: The unity of phenomenon and essence, the combination of quantitative and qualitative, and the unity of views and materials should not be "two skins".

(3) Note: The test questions should be accurate and the answers should be standardized.

The answer is in the paragraph. The answer can't be teased to the end, pay attention to segmentation.

(2) The paragraphs are focused. The answer should be concise and to the point.

(3) Organization of key points. The application of knowledge points should be organized. A subjective question often needs multiple knowledge points, and knowledge points cannot "cross the door" with each other. Before the formal answer, you can list the outline with draft paper to enhance the logic and standardization of the answer.

④ Scientific language. The language should be rigorous, scientific terms should be used, the writing should be standardized, the volume should be neat and the handwriting should be clear.

Special reminder: many candidates are used to reading the questions briefly before answering them. The biggest disadvantage of this bad habit is that it misses one million yuan, which affects the comprehensiveness of solving problems and loses a lot of points. Some candidates think everything is ready when they think of one or two things, answer in a hurry, and draw one or two lines in a hurry to collect the pen. Some candidates thought a lot at first, but missed the answer because they didn't list the main points first. It's a pity to lose points for such reasons. Therefore, candidates are required to follow the above steps honestly when answering subjective questions, so that the questions can be scored and finally get high marks.

In addition, it should be clear that the principles (knowledge) applied in the college entrance examination papers are generally not repeated, and it is forbidden to answer multiple questions with the same principles (knowledge); When applying multiple principles to answer a question, we must write the most important and confident in front to attract the attention of the marking teacher.